初中英语代词课件.ppt

代词的考点,一.人称代词,四.指示代词,二.物主代词,五.不定代词,三.反身代词,一.人称代词,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,人称,格,数,单数,复数,主格,宾格,主格,宾格,I,you,he,she,it,me,you,him,her,it,we,you,they,us,you,them,1、单数你他我，复数一二三，道歉我为先.,一.人称代词,1.我、你、他、都18岁。_2.你们、我们、他们都来自中国。 _.,You, he and I are 18.,We, you and they are from China,2、在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后多用宾格., I like English. _ too. A. I B. He C. Me,1. Who broke the window? Not _. A. I B. he C. her2. Miss Li invited _ have dinner with her . A. me and you B. you and I C. you and me3. Who taught _ English last term? A. them B. their C. they,3、it 的特殊用法, it 可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人. who is the person over there? It is the headmaster., It 也可用来表示天气、时间、距离等。天气： How cold it is today! 时间： Its about eight oclock. 距离： Its 200 kilometers from here.,一.人称代词,1. - Who is knocking at the door? - I dont know . I was lying in the bed and just ask who _ was. A. he B. she C. it 2. I cant find my hat . I dont know where I put _. A. one B. it C. that3. I cant find my hat . I think I must buy_. A. it B. one C. that, 固定句型1. 做某事情对某人来说是 It is + adj. (+for sb.) +to do sth. 2. 轮到某人做 Its ones turn to do sth. 3. 是（某人）做某事的时候了 Its time (for sb.) to do sth.4. 据说 Its said that ,一.人称代词,5. 某人花费做某事 It takes sb. some time to do sth.6. 自从以来，已经有（时间）了。 It is / has been + 时段 + since + 从句(过去时)7. 某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是的 find sb. think feel,+ it + adj. to do,I found _ very difficult to make progress in my study . A. its B. it C. that2. It _ my father a whole month to go on business . A. spent B. cost C. took3. It is great fun _ surfing on the Internet . A. go B. to go C. going,二.物主代词,my,our,your,your,his,her,its,their,mine,ours,yours,yours,his,hers,its,theirs,1. She is a friend of _. A. my B. mine C. I2. This isnt my pen ,it is _. A. her B. his C. him3. Frank cant find _ dictionary . Can you lend _ to _? A. her , mine , her B. / , yours , he C. his , yours , him,4. _ school is much bigger than _. A. Our , their B. Ours , theirs C. Our , theirs5. The dog is so poor because _ leg is badly hurt . A. it B. its C. its,三.反身代词,myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,themselves,herself,itself,2. 反身代词常见固定搭配 过得愉快自学 请随便吃 自言自语 独自 为自己 不要客气 陶醉沉浸于 自己穿衣服 照顾自己,三.反身代词,enjoy oneself teach / learn oneself sth. help oneself to sth. say to oneself by oneself for oneself make oneself at home lose oneself in dress oneself look after oneself,The man is rich , he can buy _ a lot of things . A. he B. his C. himself2. - What a lovely card ! Where did you buy it? - I made it by _. A. me B. myself C. itself3. “Help _ to some chicken ,”my mother said to the guests. A. yourself B. yourselves C. your,四.指示代词,The weather in China is quite different from that in USA .,四.指示代词, The population of Shanghai is larger than _ of Jinan. A. that B. this C. it The radios made in Beijing are as good as _ made in Qingdao. A. that B. these C. those What I want to tell you is _the film will be at eight. A. it B. this C. that,some & any,some 肯定句 any 否定句/ 疑问句/ 条件句,some 也可以用于疑问句中表示请求、建议，希望得到肯定答复。,Would you like _ coffee?,some,1、,2、,3、,不定代词（something ,anyone）+ 形容词,1. Do you have _ to do this evening? A. important something B. anything important C. something important 2. _ is watching TV . Lets turn it off . A . Somebody B. Anybody C. Nobody3. Would you like _? I can get it for you . A. something else B. anything else C. everything else,few / a few & little / a little,1、,2、,当前面由only / just / quite 修饰，常用 a few 或a little .,3、,当前面由very / so / too 修饰，常用 few 或 little .,Although all the girls have tried their best , only _ pass the exam. A. few B. a few C. a little2. Dont worry .There is _ time left . A. little B. a little C. few3. You are so great! _ people in the school can do it . A. A little B. Little C. Few,one it, The box is in the middle of the room. Move _ away. A. it B. one C. / I have lost my pen. I have to buy _. A. one B. it C. / How nice your bag is! I want to buy _. A. it B. one C. /,one 同类不同件it 同类同件,each every, I gave them _ an apple. A. every B. each C. each of There is a line of trees on _ side of the street. Aevery Beach Cboth She goes shopping _ five days. A. every B. each C. each of 他隔天来这里。 He came here _ day.,every other,3. every与each的区别。Each：1)可单独使用，2)可做代名词、形容词，3)着重“个别”， 4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物。Every：1)不可单独使用，2)仅作形容词，3)着重“全体”，毫无例外，4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物。当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。The teacher gave a toy to each child. Each ball has a different colour.Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.注意：我们可以用each of , 而不能用 every of 如：Each of you can have a rest.,难点链接,none no one, How many people are there in the room? _. A. None B. No one C. Lucy Who is in the room? _. A. None B. No one C. one None of them _ China. A. come from B. is from C. is come from, _ of the girls _ him. They asked him for name card. A. Neither; know B. Either; know C. Neither; knows Both of his parents _ teachers. A. is B. are C. was Both of his brothers _ in this hospital, but neither of them _ a doctor. A. works; is B. work; is C. work; are,either neither both,either neither both, Either Tom or the twins _ the way to the shop. A. know B. knows C. finds Neither you nor I _ a scientist. A. is B. are C. am Both Tom and Mary _ hard. A. studies B. study C. studying,5. all和both的用法。1）all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。 All of us like Mr. Pope. 我们都喜欢Pope先生。（作主语） = We all like Mr. Pope. (作同位语) All the water has been used up. (作主语) Thats all for today. (作表语) Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作宾语) All the leaders are here. (作定语) 2）both作代词。与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“两个都”。 Lucy and Lily both agree with us. They both passed on their sticks at the same time. How are your parents? Theyre both fine. 与“of +代词（或名词）”连用，表示“两者都”。 Both of them came to see Mary. Both of the books are very interesting. 单独使用，表示“两者（都）”。 Michael has two sons. Both are clever. I dont know which book is the better, I shall read both. 3）both用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”。 Both his younger sisters are our classmates. There are tall trees on both sides of the street.,难点链接,The students are all from Foshan . They _ like their city . A. both B. all C. either Lucy and Lily _ agree with us. A. all B. both C. neither How are your parents ? They are _ fine. A. both B. all C. no, I didnt see it, _. A. too B. as well C. either He couldnt open the door. _. A. Neither could I B. So could I C. Neither couldnt I They_ in good health,and they_ there. A. are both; will both go B. both are; will go both C. are both; both goes, Tom and Mary have arrived, but _ in your class arent here yet. A. the others B. others C. the other One of the sides of the road should be painted yellow, and_ white. A. the other Banother C. others This pair of trousers is too short. Would you please show me _ one.A. other B. others C. another,other the other others the others another, I have two brothers. _ is a doctor, _ is a soldier. A. One, the other B. One, otherC. The one, the other Some of the students are playing on the playground. But wherere _? A. the other B.others C.the others - Is this your sock ? - Yes, it is . Where is _? A. another B. the other one C. others We got home by 4 oclock ,but _ didnt get back until 8 oclock. A. the other B. others C. the others,七. 相互代词的用法 表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形 式。在当代英语中，each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。 We should learn from each other / one another. （作宾语） Do you often write to each other / one another? （作宾语） We often borrow each others / one anothers books. （作定语） The students corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in their homework. （作定语）,难点链接,八.关系代词的用法关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词，常用在宾语从句中。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：I hate people who talk much but do little.Im looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?,正误辨析,1. 误Toms mother is taller than my. 正Toms mother is taller than mine. 析形容词性物主代词可以作定语，也就是讲它可以作形容词，如：my book，而这句话的意思是：汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是my mother,也就是mine。2.误We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them. 正We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish it. 析在应用代词时，要注意人称，格与数的一致性。这里it所代替的是不可数名词homework， 所以应用it。3.误He and you should go to the library to return the books. 正You and he should go to the library to return the books. 析这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you, he, she, I,而复数时为we, you， they:如男女并列时，应先男后女，如：He and she 如果在表示不好意思，承担责任时，单数时用，I, he, she, you, 复数时用They, you， we, 如：Tom and I are good friends. You, he and I must go to play the game for our team this afternoon. We, you and they have been there before. I, he and you have to pay for it.,正误辨析,4.误He or his brother is doing their homework. 正He or his brother is doing his homework. 析由eitheror, neithernor, or 连接两个主语时，如果两主语是单数时，用单数代词，如两主语是复数时，用复数代词，如：Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man.如是一单一复两名词时，一般将单数名词放在前，复数名词放在后，要用复数代词，如：The teacher or his students will clean their classroom together.6.误 I like you as much as she. 正I like you as much as her. 析asas 其后也应看作是省略句。应为as I like her.所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。7.误Myself did it yesterday. 正I myself did it yesterday. 正I did it myself yesterday. 析反身代词不可作主语，但可以用作主语的同位语。,正误辨析,8. 误Take care of ourselves. 正Take care of yourselves .(yourself) 析祈使句的主语应看作第二人称you.9.误Please bring your daughter with yourself. 正Please bring your daughter with you. 析反身代词不能作介词宾语，除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语，如： The old woman spoke to herself.10.误Make yourself home. 正Make yourself at home. 析这是英语中的习惯用法，意为“像在家里一样”。这样的用法还有：enjoy oneself 玩得开心make yourself at home 像在家中一样 help yourself to something 自己拿某物lost oneself 迷路 seat oneself 就坐dress oneself 穿衣11.误Whos this speaking.Thats Mary. 正Whos that speaking.This is Mary. 析在电话用语中，this指讲话人自己，而that指对方。12.误The days in summer are longer than this in winter. 正The days in summer are longer than those in winter. 析在比较句中往往为了避免重复，可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物，如是单数时用that,复数时用those，如：The weather in Beijing is hotter than that in Chang Chun.,正误辨析,13. 误It is so a good book that everyone likes to read. 正It is such a good book that everyone likes to read. 正It is so good a book that everyone likes to read. 析在可数名词单数时可用so+形容词+不定冠词+名词+that从句，也可用such+不定冠词+形容词+that从句。在不可数名词或可数名词复数时，只用such, 如：It is such good weather that I want to go swimming. They are such good books that I want to buy them all.在many, much, few, little这4个词前仅能用so,如： She has so much money that she can buy everything she wants.而在so与that之间仅存形容词时，则不能用such,如:She is so sweet that everyone likes her.14.误I want to buy a same dictionary as yours. 正I want to buy the same dictionary as yours. 析same与定冠词the是固定搭配不可更改。这样的用法还有all the same(仍然)。15.误I hope she might pass the exam.I dont hope so. 正I hope she might pass the exam.I hope not. 析在作肯定回答时，I think so. I hope so. I believe so.但作否定回答时为：I dont think so. I hope/believe not.,正误辨析,16. 误He studied very hard this term. So she did. 正 He studied very hard this term. So did she. 误 English is difficult to learn. So is it. 正 English is difficult to learn. So it is. 析在对话中如果某一动作同时适用于两个主语，这时在答语中要用缩写且要用倒装句。如第一组句，即studied hard既适用于he,也适用于she.但答语仅仅是对前句的重复，即仅仅是第一句的缩写时则不要用倒装句。如第二组句子为：英语难学。答语为：是的，难学。这时缩写的答语不要用倒装句。17.误Everyone should do ones best. 正Everyone should do his best. 析one作代词时，它的复数形式是ones,所有格形式是ones，反身代词为oneself.如果讲One should do ones best.则是对句。如果one与别的词组成其他词，如： someone, anyone, everyone或only one 则要用his/her，来作其所有格形式。18.误 Who won the game? None. 正 Who won the game? No one. 析由who提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是no one,而由How many提问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是None.如：How many books are there? None.,正误辨析,19. 误There are many trees on either sides of the street. 正There are many trees on either side of the street. 正There are many trees on both sides of the street. 析either作代词时由两个含意，其一是两者中随便哪一个，如：You can take either.其二是两者中的每一个。但要注意的是either后要加单数名词，如果作主语则谓语动词也要用单数形式。20.误Either you or I are right. 正Either you or I am right. 析在eitheror,或neithernor连接两个主语时，其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配。21.误I have three sisters. Neither of them is a doctor. 正I have three sisters. None of them is a doctor. 析neither用于两者中无一是，而none则用于多于两者中的人或事物无一是。22.误He doesnt like Beijing opera. I dont like， too. 正He doesnt like Beijing opera, I dont like， either. 析either作为“也”讲时，要用于否定句中，而too则用于肯定句中。,正误辨析,23. 误We like both this little boy. 正We both like this little boy. 析both作同位语时，它在句中的位置有：在be动词之后，如：We are both students.在实意动词之前，如：The parents both want to go to the cinema.用于第一助动词之后，如：We have both read these English novels.使用时要注意以下句子的实际含意：Both of us are not right.应译为：我们俩不都对。Neither of us is right.才应译为：我俩都不对。又如：I cant give you both of the books.意为：两本书我不能全给你，而I cant give you either of the books.才为：两本书我全不能给你。24.误We each has a ticket for the concert. 正We each have a ticket for the concert. 析each作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式，如：Each of us wants to learn English well，但each作同位语时，则应以原名词的数为准。25.误Every of us has to pass the exam. 正Each of us has to pass the exam. 析every只可作形容词，不可作代词，而each既可作形容词，又可作代词，在作形容词时each侧重强调个体，而every 则侧重于全体。,正误辨析,26. 误Everyone of us should do housework two hours a day. 正Every one of us should do housework two hours a day. 析everyone不可与of结构相连接使用，而every one则可以这样用。27.误I should read English everyday. 正I should read English every day. 析要注意的是every day是“每天”，而everyday则是形容词为“日常的”。如：everyday English日常英语，everyday life日常生活。28.误There are trees on every sides of the street. 正There are trees on each side of the street. 析every用于三者或三者以上的每一个，而each用于二者或二者以上的每一个。因为街道只有两侧，所以只能用each而不能用every.29.误All my parents are engineers. 正Both my parents are engineers. 析all用于三者或三者以上的全部，而both 则用于两者的全部。30.误All of students might make some mistakes. 正All of the students might make some mistakes. 正All students might make some mistakes. 析非特指的名词前可用all但不可用all of结构，也就是讲all of结构后面的名词前一定要有定冠词。其他与all有关的习惯用法还有：all the year round, all week, all day, all winter,正误辨析,31. 误The all village was flooded. 正All the village was flooded. 析all作修饰语时要用在所有修饰词之前。32.误The post office is on another side of the street. 正The post office is on the other side of the street. 析单数可数名词如在泛指某一个时用another,而特指时则要用the other,因街道只有两边，而不在这边必定是在另一边，所以要用特指。33.误There are ten students here, Where are the others students? 正There are ten students here. Where are the others? 正There are ten students here, Where are the other students? 析the others=the other students. 34.误The old man has two sons. One is a teacher, another is a doctor. 正The old man has two sons. One is a teacher, the other is a doctor. 析another用于泛指，如：Is it far from here to the station? Im sorry. I have no idea. One may say it is quite near; another may say it is far from here.但在特指时则要用the other.,正误辨析,35. 误Some people like sports. The others like reading. 正Some people like sports. Others like reading. 析在泛指的复数名词前用someothersothers来表示某些人某些人某些人。36.误Please remember to water the flowers each other day. 正Please remember to water the flowers every other day. 析every other day为每隔一天。是习惯用法，不要随意改动。又如：on the other hand另一方面。37.误Many know him， but few l