大学英语六级考试—写作应试讲座课件.ppt

大学英语六级考试,应试讲座,Chrissy Wu,2008.11-2008.12,写作,六级作文测试体系简介,1、考试时间为30分钟，要求写出不少于150个词的短文；2、出题方式上基本沿袭稳健、成熟的出题风格，内容要求上写的是社会、文化或日常生活的一般常识；3、对作文的要求是：切题，文理通顺，表达正确，意思连贯，无重大语言错误；4、体裁有：说明文、议论文、图表作文、应用文、记叙文。,六级作文评分原则、标准,评分原则：总体评分，从内容和语言综合评判评分标准：2分，5分，8分，11分，14分8分：勉勉强强。基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分：清清楚楚。切题。表达意思清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分：漂漂亮亮。切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错误。,六级作文写作技巧,1、一定要切题；2、语言关键是要流畅，要顺口，未必要用生僻词；3、字数一定要饱满，题目中给出的主题句、起始句、结束句，均不计入所写字数；4、字迹一定要端正；5、平时要多注意英语基本功 和综合能力的长期积累。,六级学生作文常见错误及分析,1、语法错误：1）不一致 (Disagreement)；2）句子不完整 (Sentence Fragments)；3）介词多余或遗漏 (Redundancy or Missing of Prepositions)；4）动词形式错误 (Wrong Form of Verbs)；5）名词单复数 错误 (Wrong Form of Nouns)；6）词性误用 (Misuse of Parts of Speech)； 7）冠词错误 (Misuse of Articles)；,When one have money, he can do what he want to. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself. There are many examples around us showing many people were cheated. Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college. For example, my friend in high school. I love animals and I like to help them. Because they are helpless. None can negative the importance of friendship. They decided to formal their relationship by getting married.,What are these things and why you brought them home?I lost my way and looking forward to see a road sign. When being asked about my fathers whereabouts, mother would simply answer, “He is on duty.”Both my parents have received good educations. Human being has another instinct. There are many funs in city life. I would like to discuss about something important that you mentioned to me during yesterday.,We went to downtown yesterday to buy a watch. When I first came to the US, I did not have a lot of friends in here. Because his mistake several people died. I have never seen such beautiful picture. I hope you and your company will have a good luck. I jumped out of the bed and felt the biting cold. When passing the door, smell of delicious dishes will come into your nostrils.,六级学生作文常见错误及分析,2、语言错误：1）中国式英语 (Chinese English)；2）用词错误(Misuse of Words)；3）修饰语错位 (Misplaced Modifiers)；4）累赘 (Redundancy)；5）不连贯 (Incoherence)；6）结构不平行 (Against Parallelism)；,There are still some students not have computer. Its a pity that though I had good conditions to learn English, I didnt make good use of them. Every time my father called me to learn English, I would try to find some excuse to avoid it. As time went on, she grew more and more homesick and sentimental. The dorm we live in is a harmonious and interesting one. My father is an interesting guy. I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.,At the age of ten, my grandfather died. In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him. For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need. The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth. You have the mood, you can go fishing. I was able to raise my TOEFL score by studying hard and I read lots of books. He never checks my homework or forbidding me to watch TV in the evening.,说 明 文 题 型 概 述,1、把对事理的解释、阐述自己观点的文章归类为说明文，目的在于解释，在于使人明白，而议论文则是要读者接受自己的论点或者采纳自己的主张；2、从1990年到2008年，历年六级作文考题中出现18篇说明文，以对社会现象的分析说理为主，解释和探讨各种社会问题产生的原因、危害及解决办法；3、开头部分交代说明对象，其定义、背景或现状，主题段落对其进行详细分析，描述性质、表现、起因、发展、影响或危害，提出解决办法可能是主题部分段落或结尾段落应该说明的内容。,说 明 文 题 型 归 纳 及 举 例,1、解决问题方案型：How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities (1990.1), How I Finance My College Education (2000.1), How to Succeed in a Job Interview (2000.6); 2、社会现象分析型：Motorcycles and City Traffic (1993.1), My View on Fake Commodities (1998.1), It Pays to Be Honest (2003.1), Reduce Waster on Campus (2004.1), Say No to Pirated Product (2005.6), The Celebration of Western Festivals (2007.1), The Digital Age (2007.12), Will E-books Replace Traditional Books? (2008.6)3、个人成长论说型：We Need to Broaden Our Knowledge (1994.1), The Career I Pursue (1994.6), Why I Take the College English Test Band 6 (1996.1), Haste Makes Waste (1997.1), The Importance of Reading Classics (2007.1),说明文常用句式和常用表达 (I),1、阐述说明对象的背景：1) Nowadays, with the development of society, has become increasingly serious. 2) has aroused much concern in China. 3) Now there is growing awareness that4) Recently the rise in problem of / phenomenon ofhas caused / aroused public / popular / wide / worldwide concern. 5) Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of has been brought into focus / to public attention. 2、阐述说明对象的重要性及地位1) plays an important role (part) in; 2) It is well known (clear, true, said) that;3) Its very important for to; 4) Nothing can be more important than3、以谚语开头1) As the proverb goes, . Thats to say; 2) There is a proverb that says “”.,用于开头段落,说明文常用句式和常用表达 (II),1、常用作阐释原因的主题句：Some reasons are responsible for this. There are lots of reasons for the dramatic growth / decrease. The phenomenon / change in mainly results from the fact thatWhy have there been so many ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. 2、列举法常用的并列关联词：first, second, third, last 2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finallyin the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastlyto begin with, then, furthermore, finally 5) to start with, next, in addition, finally6) first and foremost, besides, the last but not the least7) most important of all, moreover, finally 8) on the one hand, on the other hand9) for one thing, for another thing,用于主题段落,说明文常用句式和常用表达 (II),3、表示举例的表达方式：For example / instance; 2) Take for example / instance; is just a case in point; 4) can serve as an example4、表示比较的表达方式：A is different from B in; 2) A is similar to B in ; The difference between A and B lies in that5、表示对照的表达方式：In contrast; 2) Contrary to; 3) In opposite; 4) On the contrary6、表示转折的表达方式：But; 2) However; 3) While; 4) Nevertheless; But, we should take the other side of the coin into consideration. There are also some disadvantages / problems in,用于主题段落,说明文常用句式和常用表达 (II),7、表示原因的表达方式：1) because of; 2) because; 3) as; 4) for; 5) owing to; 6) thanks to; 7) by virtue of 8、表示结果的表达方式：1) so; 2) therefore; 3) as a result; 4) consequently; 5) in consequence,用于主题段落,说明文常用句式和常用表达 (III),In a word ( In conclusion / To sum up), we should do our best inIt is imperative for us to take effective measures toThus, mankind must put an end to; otherwise, will put an end to mankind. There is no immediate solution to the problem of, but might be helpful. In order to make our world a better place, we must learn to It is high time that we put considerable emphasis onTaking into consideration all these factors, we may safely reach the conclusion thatIt goes without saying thatWe should not let the golden opportunity slip by. On the contrary, we should seize the opportunity and face the challenge with confidence, courage and wisdom. For my part (As far as I am concerned ), I believe that there is no simple solution ( quick answer / effective method) to the issue of, but might be practical.,用于结尾段落,Migrant Workers in Cities,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Migrant Workers in Cities. You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline below: 1、现在，成千上万的外来务工者涌入城市，成为打工一族；2、大部分的打工族对城市的发展做出了贡献；3、我的看法。,议 论 文 题 型 概 述,1、通过摆事实、讲道理等各种论证方法来陈述各种理由，发表自己的看法、观点，目的是要使读者接受自己的观点或看法，并在此基础上采取某种行动；2、议论文的一般结构是：提出问题、分析问题、解决问题，议论文的三要素是：论点、论据、论证。一般开头段落点出主题，中间段落是主体部分，包括正反观点及相应的论据，结尾部分是全文总结，点出孰是孰非；3、从1990年到2008年，历年六级考试作文题中出现了10篇议论文。,议 论 文 基 本 类 型,1、观点对立型议论文：此类型在议论文考题中所占比重较大，例如：My View on Opportunity (1993.6), Should Firecrackers Be Banned? (1995.6), My View on Job-Hopping (1997.6), Reading Selectively or Extensively? (1999.6), Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? (20006), Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed? (2007.6) 2、驳斥型议论文：对有争议的问题发表议论，例如：Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? (1998.6) 3、比较型议论文：对两种或两种以上事物进行比较论述，例如：Which is Your Favorite Pastime - Watching TV and Listening to Music or Taking Part in Sports and Games?,议 论 文 基 本 写 作 模 式,1、观点对立型议论文Different people have quite different views on_. It is held by some people that _. But it is also held by others that _. Those who hold the first opinion think that _. In their view, _. In contrast, those who hold the opposite view think that _. They argue that _. As far as I am concerned, I agree with _. Admittedly, _. / Furthermore, _. Finally, _. / In conclusion, _.,议 论 文 基 本 写 作 模 式,2、驳斥型议论文模板一：Recently, the problem of _ has been brought to public attention. Some people hold that _. From their viewpoints, _. In fact, the above-mentioned ideas are totally wrong. First, there is no valid / sufficient / statistical evidence to prove that _. Second, nothing is so absurd / untrue as the view because _. In my eyes, the reverse / opposite is true. In other words, _. To conclude, _. 模板二：Recently, there has been a heated discussion on _. It is held by some people that _. They further maintain that _. Certainly, their opinions seem to be reasonable to some extent, for _. However, a closer examination of the argument reveals how fallacious it is. First, _. Second, _. In my eyes, the correct attitude should be _. To conclude, _.,议 论 文 基 本 写 作 模 式,3、比较型议论文模板一：With the improved standard of living, increasing attention is drawn to A and B. It is true that A is _. But its chief fault is _. Studies show that _. On the contrary, the advantage of B outweigh advantages A. For one thing, B is _. For another, _. Truly, although B fails to _, few things can match B in terms of _. In my mind, _模板二：To most people, A and B are the two basic ways of _. The most obvious advantage of A is _. For example, _. Another benefit is _. However, the problem is that _. As for B, the advantage is _. Besides, _. Whereas, B is also not without shortcomings. To go into details, _. Anyway, both the ways have their merits / strengths and faults / weaknesses. A combination of their merits might be a best solution.,议论文常用句式和常用表达 (I),1、开门见山Recently the issue has aroused great concern amongRecently the problem of has been brought to public attention. Nowadays there is a growing concern overFaced with, quite a few people argue thatThere has been a heated argument / discussion about whetherPeople cant reach consensus as to the issue whetherThere will often spring up a heated discussion as toOne of the hottest topics many people talk about now isIt is important to point out that.When it comes toWith the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that .,用于开头段落,议论文常用句式和常用表达 (I),It is commonly believed that / It is a common belief thatMany people insist thatA lot of people seem to think that. has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way. There is a common misconception among people that.2、引出不同观点When asked about people usually respond differently. Some people hold that; however, others prefer toPeoples view on vary from person to person. Some claim that Whereas, others believe that Peoples opinions differ as to When it comes to , some people claim that , while others argue that the opposite is true. Their reasons can be listed as follows.,用于开头段落,议论文常用句式和常用表达 (I),When faced with, quite a few people prefer that On the contrary, other people regard as There are different opinions among people as toDifferent people hold different attitudes toward3、用事实开头According to a recent study, A recent survey / investigation indicates that So some people take the view that Others, however, dont think so. No one can deny the fact that, but The misconception that has been very popular for many years. However, perhaps it is time to reexamine the attitude. Recently, statistics / considerable evidence show that,用于开头段落,议论文常用句式和常用表达 (II),1、表达个人观点 in my opinion, in my eyes, from my perspective, as for me, from my point of view, as far as I am concerned, I maintain that, as I see it, from where I stand, it seems to me that, Its my feeling that, personally;2、依据上述事实，得出结论All in all, there is no doubt thatIt goes without saying thatIn short / In conclusion, there is no denying the fact thatAnyhow, whether it is good or bad, one thing is certain that it willTaking all factors into account / consideration, we may conclude that / we may come to the conclusion thatThere could be no doubt that has its drawbacks / shortcomings / weak points as well as merits / advantages / strengths. When the advantages and disadvantages of are carefully compared, the conclusion is self-evident / obvious / apparent.,用于结尾段落,议论文常用句式和常用表达 (II),Weighing the opinions mentioned above, we may conclude thatTherefore, proves to be the best option / choice. Hence / Therefore, wed better come to the conclusion thatTo sum up, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue,All in all, we cannot live without But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise. 3、提出建议It is (high) time that we (did)It is time to take the advice of and to put special emphasis on the improvement of.There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of Obviously, if we want to do something, it is essential thatOnly in this way can we,用于结尾段落,议论文常用句式和常用表达 (II),Proper / appropriate measures should be taken / adopted toHence, great efforts should be made / exerted to achieve the goal. I hope persistent / effective actions should be taken to tackle / deal with / solve the problem. In conclusion, I strongly advise / recommend / suggest that (should) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we mustHere are some suggestions for handlingWe must figure out some ways to solve this problem. 4、预示后果Obviously, if we dont control the problem, the chances are that will lead us in danger. No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that,用于结尾段落,议论文常用句式和常用表达 (II),用于结尾段落,It is urgent now that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation. If not, the situation will get worse. If we permit the present situation to continue, will surely take place. Undoubtedly, if we ignore the problem, there is every chance thatIf we dont take effective / useful means / steps right now, we will pay a heavy price later. At present, we need to adopt measures to deal with the problem, otherwise, we will,议论文常用句式和常用表达 (III),1、立论I quite agree with the statement that. My reasons will be listed below. Those who agree to the idea provide the following reasons. First, Second, Third, To make the points as plain as they can be, I will give sufficient / adequate / enough evidence to illustrate. In their opinions, it is more advisable to do than to doFrom my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second. Personally, I am standing on the side ofFinally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason whyThe following reasons can explain / account for my inclination. They are convinced that,用于正文论证,议论文常用句式和常用表达 (III),In my viewpoint, both of these two methods have strengths and weaknesses. There is another reason why I prefer toPeople who hold this view think that Their reasons are as follows. For one thing, For another,