APQP与项目管理培训教材课件.ppt
培训过程目标,完成本课程培训,参加人员可:理解APQP的内容.解释在产品/过程开发中 APQP 各要素的要求.理解APQP与产品开发以及客户节点的关系.跨功能小组合作沟通的重要性.理解各阶段评估的内容理解APQP 状态报告过程.,APQP解释,APQP:先期产品质量策划 Advanced Product Quality PlanQS9000七大册: QSR QSA APQP PPAP FMEA MSA SPC APQP是 一种结构化的方法,用来确定和制定确保某产品使顾客满意所需的步骤APQP的目标 是使所有参加该项目的人员和行为便于沟通,确保所有开发阶段按时,以可接受的成本和质量水准完成.,APQP 目的,APQP的目的是建立: 对内外部供应商共同的要求 共通的APQP过程衡量准则 共通的状态报告格式 APQP各要素的职责和任务 更好理解APQP各要素和产品开发节点以 及客户开发系统的联系,APQP 好处:,APQP帮助项目小组:增加纪律 /促进信息共享和配合早期确定可能的更改避免晚期更改 用可接受的价格,准时提供优质的产品,满足客户使持续改进更方便,APQP,APQP总体介绍,1-1,验证 C,反馈评定和纠正措施,计划和确定,产品设计和开发,过程设计和开发,产品和过程确认,先期产品质量策划循环,APQP过程:,APQP:产品与工序,APQP与项目管理:,&,公司产品经营体系,项目管理已成为现代企业经营管理重要组成部分,在企业的经营发展中,项目已构成了公司产品经营中的基本单元;能够灵活、快速应对市场竞争需求;运用跨功能组织有效解决问题;,作用:,APQP,APQP :团队与工作循环,要点小组工作沟通时间/计划定义行动角色项目管理质量和可靠性小组领导工程师供应商项目小组,项目管理的作用:,让我们和客户的需要站在同一线上;,作用:,项目管理内容:,主要内容:,项目团队的组织,成本控制,进度控制,质量控制,合同管理,沟通与信息管理,项目管理,组织机构示意,项目管理:,阶段 1,1,阶段 2,2,阶段 3,3,阶段 4,4,阶段 5,5,阶段 6,6,阶段 7,7,8,客户要求/风险评估,明确责任/风险管理决策,进入样件送样阶段,进入试生产PPAP阶段,进入节拍验证阶段,进入初期量产跟踪阶段,CPM管理绩效验证评估,项目总结回顾,项目经理,销售订单争取,把关者(事业部总经理),项目团队,工厂/职能经理,APQP流程与团队,项目团队必须是跨职能的,应能代表组织中所有相关的领域 。 同时,团队还应:被充分授权并能为结果负责 - 可以就其负责的项目作决定并对结果负责。热情投入 - 对项目的结果充满热情而不是仅关注目标;真正作为团队成员而不仅仅是部门代表。所有的团队成员都各自对结果负责,但项目经理最大程度地对团队完成各项结果负责。,项目管理,项目团队职责和要求:,项目管理:,没有项目管理组织和 没有建立一套项目管理作法和 没有创立项目管理文化,- 项目管理可能失败。 所有这些都不足以保证任何项目管理初步行动的成功。成功的项目管理一定是积累的理论、知识和经验的实际应用-关于组织、人、操作和项目产品。成功的项目管理可以: - 引导资源,使顾客满意; - 风险早期识别,提前管控; - 避免晚期更改; - 以最低的成本及时提供优质产品。,不希望看到的,这是我们所追求的,APQP的过程,1-2,APQP 23个要素,1 资源决定 2 顾客输入要求 3 精致工艺技术 4 设计失效模式后果分析 5 设计评审 6 设计验证计划 7 分承包方 APQP 状态 8 设施、工具和量具 9 样件制造计划 10 样件制造 11 图纸和规范,12 小组可行性承诺 13 制造过程流程图 14 过程失效模式后果分析 15 测量系统评价 16 试生产控制计划 17 操作过程指导书 18 包装规范 19 产品试生产 20 生产控制计划 21 初始过程能力研究 22 生产确认试验 23 生产件批准 (PSW),APQP 系统流程,1-3-C,计划与定义,反馈、评估和纠正措施,产品和过程确认,过程设计和开发,产品设计和开发,计划和定义,成立小组,预算批准,初始材料清单,产品保证计划,项目追踪表,资源决定,问题日志,管理者支持,顾客输入要求项目进度设计目标可靠和质量目标可承受的成本目标计划产量关键联系人,产品质量进度计划,产品设计和开发,DFMEA,初始CC/SC清单,设计评审,设计验证计划,设计验证,分供方APQP状态,设备、工装和量具,样件制作控制计划,制造系统分析计划,MSA计划,小组可行性承诺,样件制作,包装规范,图纸和规范,PFMEA,特殊产品/过程特性,初始过程能力研究计划,MSA,试生产控制计划,过程与产品特性联结,平面布景图,特性矩阵表,包装标准,产品/过程质量系统评审,管理层评审,产品和过程验证,作业指导书,试生产,生产控制计划,质量计划批准和管理层支持,生产件批准(PSW),在物料需求日提交PSW零件,功能检查报告,初始过程能力研究,生产验证,包装评估,信息反馈和纠正措施,经验学习,交货和服务,过程设计和开发,客户满意,减少偏差,设计验证和批准报告,APQ要素和阶段的关系,顾客的呼声 -市场研究 -保修记录 -质量信息 -小组经验业务计划/营销战略产品/过程基准数据产品/过程设想产品可靠性研究顾客输入,22,APQP各阶段输入和输出,设计目标可靠性和质量目标初始材料清单初始过程流程图产品和过程特殊特性清单产品保证计划管理者支持,DFMEA可制造性和装配设计设计验证设计评审样件制造控制计划工程图样(DATA)工程规范材料规范图样和规范的更改新设备、工装和设施要求产品和过程特殊特性量具试验设备要求小组可行性承诺和管理者支持,计划和确定项目,产品设计和开发,包装标准产品过程质量体系评审过程流程图工厂平面布置图特性矩阵图PFMEA试生产控制计划过程指导书测量系统分析计划初始过程能力研究计划包装规范管理者支持,23,APQP各阶段内容,试生产测量系统评价初始过程能力研究生产件批准生产确认试验包装评价生产控制计划质量策划认定和管理者支持,DFMEA可制造性和装配设计设计验证设计评审样件制造控制计划工程图样(DATA)工程规范材料规范图样和规范的更改新设备、工装和设施要求产品和过程特殊特性量具试验设备要求小组可行性承诺和管理者支持,过程设计和开发,产品和过程确认,反馈评估和纠正措施减少变差顾客满意交付和服务,APQP 起动会议,第一步. 开始APQP过程第二步. 培训参加人员第三步. 定义角色和职责第四步. 讨论和决定工作计划,风险评估,风险评估的目的:是为了决定在APQP状态报告的范围:在每一个新项目开始的时候PSW 完成的时间 风险评估清单:用作开始支持对开发过程的潜在风险的评估方法利用个人经验使评审效果最佳优先级: 高影响度零件/系统需要特别关注。 技术支持、管理者支持 小组资源的使用最大化。 中等和低影响度零件/系统被监视。,风险评估优先选择准则,项目小组评估风险的四个要素:#1 质量历史 成品率、工序能力、质量问题、质量管理水平#2 产品大纲 新技术、新设计、高难度。#3 工程大纲 新场所、新设备、新制造技术、高过程复杂性、过程稳定性差#4 与目标相对的绩效 设计目标、质量目标、可靠性目标难于完成 项目时间进度难于完成 成本目标过高,APQP报告:GYR 定义,根据客户或项目小组要求APQP检查清单和状态报告在每一个时间节点/小组事件时必须更新,资源决定,确定组织、职责与流程作为与项目中的内、外部零件供方、工装供方和设施供方共同工作的正式对顾客的承诺。期望:,1-9,项目所有的内、外部供方已经确定项目所需的人员、资源已得到安排建立并签署早期资源指标协议已经建立了与客户一致的项目时间安排,Customer Input Requirements顾客输入要求,The Customer Input Requirements element ensures that the program team appropriately assesses the potential manufacturing, process, and design issues early in the product development phase.顾客输入要求要素为了要让项目小组,在产品开发阶段适当的评估潜在的制造、过程和设计问题。 Customer Input Requirements are the design criteria and the program requirements necessary to initiate the APQP process. 顾客输入要求是启动 APQP 过程的必要的设计准则和项目要求。,1-12,Customer Input Requirements Expectations顾客输入要求期望,Issues from surrogate components or plants are identified and addressed with product and manufacturing.已经识别了暂时代替的零部件或工厂的问题,并解决了生产和制造问题Component targets and product assumptions are defined.已经定义了零部件指标和产品假设Targets for TGW, TGR, Warranty, Useful Life Reliability, and Incoming Quality are established.已经建立 质量保证、使用寿命可靠性和进货质量指标Capacity planning volumes are defined.产能策划值已定义,1-13,Customer Input Expectations (Continued)顾客输入要求期望(续),System component designs and specifications should include:系统部件设计和规范应该包括: Product assumptions 产品假设Functional performance性能表现Dimensions几何尺寸 Weight重量 Material材料 Reliability and quality goals可靠性和质量目标,1-14,Craftsmanship is an assessment of what the customer sees, touches, uses, hears, and smells. It affects design and manufacturing, and it improves the overall perception of value.精致工艺是对顾客看到的、感觉到的、使用的、听到的和闻到的评估。影响设计和生产,并改进全面感官的价值。,Craftsmanship精致工艺,1-16,Craftsmanship Expectations精致工艺期望,Obtain Craftsmanship targets and objectives to develop Craftsmanship plans获得精致工艺 指标和目标以开发精致工艺计划Develop the Craftsmanship strategy开发精致工艺战略Implement a plan to achieve Craftsmanship targets实施计划以达到精致工艺指标 Integrate plans to support the final Craftsmanship theme 整合各项计划以支持最终精致工艺计划Ensure that the design and manufacturing processes comply with Craftsmanship strategy and plans 确保设计和制造过程符合精致工艺战略和计划Identify and resolve Craftsmanship issues that arise识别并解决发生的精致工艺问题,1-17,Team Feasibility Commitment小组可行性承诺,The Team Feasibility Commitment element determines whether the proposed design can be manufactured within the programs guidelines and specifications.小组可行性承诺要素确定了建议的设计是否能根据项目指南和规范进行制造 The goals of this element are to verify that all of the:本要素的目的是验证所有:Activities agree that they can produce the product within specifications.活动可以生产符合规范的产品Feasibility concerns are resolved and necessary product and process changes are completed before first production prove-outs (1PP).在第一预生产单元建立前解决可行性问题和必要的产品和过程更改.,1-19,Team Feasibility Commitment Expectations小组可行性承诺期望,The program team must establish a formal feasibility process and document.项目小组必须建立正式的可行性过程和文件。Feasibilities are tracked and major feasibility concerns can be resolved before Production Trial Run.在产品试生产前追踪可行性,并解决可行性涉及的重要问题。WERS and AIMS concerns are resolved, and the product can be manufactured to meet Cp/Cpk and tolerance requirements.解决了WERS 和 AIMS 设计的问题,可以在满足Cp/Cpk 和公差要求的情况下制造产品。Suppliers and subsuppliers were part of the feasibility process.供方和分承包方式可行性过程的一部分。,1-20,Design FMEA设计 FMEA,A group of activities intended to:一组活动,用于:Identify potential: 识别潜在的:Product failure modes early in the product development phase产品开发阶段的早期产品失效模式 Product design safety concerns产品设计安全涉及的问题 Significant/critical/special characteristics重要/关键/特殊特性Establish a priority for design improvement actions 为设计改进活动建立优先顺序Document the rationale behind product design changes to the development of future product designs将产品设计变更中的思路文件化,作为未来产品设计的开发的输入,1-25,DFMEA ExpectationsDFMEA 期望,Completing DFMEAs that focus on what has changed in the design and its effect on the entire system完成关注设计中进行的更改及其对整个系统的影响的 DFMEACreating a list of potential Special Characteristics (YC, YS) resulting from DFMEAs or equivalent analysis建立 DFMEA 或类似的分析输出的潜在特殊特性 (YC, YS) 清单Addressing lessons learned and quality issues found in element 2, Customer Input Requirement解决在要素 2,顾客输入要求中发现的质量问题和学到的经验Ensuring that the DFMEA info is sent to PFMEA teams, including the special characteristics list确保将 DFMEA 信息,包括特殊特性清单传递给 PFMEA 小组,1-26,DVP&R设计验证计划和报告,Lists the engineering evaluations and tests required to establish that a design is fit for use in the intended environment列出建立适于在预期的环境中使用的设计所要求的工程评价和试验Assists Product Development (PD) in verifying and documenting the functionality, reliability, and durability of the vehicles design through planned tests and evaluations协助产品开发(PD)按计划的试验和评价,验证和文件化车辆设计的功能性、可靠性和耐久性Documents the plans and reports for Design Verification of a given design将对给定设计进行设计验证的策划和报告文件化Identifies tests, acceptance criteria, sample sizes, and completion dates in a standard format以标准的形式确定试验、接受准则、样本容量和完成日期,1-28,DVP&R Expectations设计验证计划和报告期望,Corrective action plans must be completed for any test result that does not meet design spec and reliability goals必须针对任何没有满足设计期望和可靠性目标的试验结果完成纠正措施计划The DVP&R must:DVP&R 必须: Align with PQOS deliverables配合 PQOS 可交付性 Provide inputs to complete reports and proformas向完成报告和形式提供输入Identify any specific tests, methods, equipment, acceptance criteria, sample sizes, design level, and timing确定任何特殊的试验、方法、设备、接收准则、样本容量、设计等级和时间安排,1-29,Subcontractor APQP Status分承包方 APQP 状态,The Subcontractor APQP Status element identifies and reports on the condition of external contractors (i.e., suppliers) and subcontractors APQP process. 分承包方 APQP 状态要素确定和报告外部承包方(例如供方)和分承包方 APQP 过程的状况Internal and external suppliers identify APQP requirements by cascading program targets APQP requirements to their subcontractors, and by conducting APQP reviews, as appropriate.内部和外部供方通过向分承包方逐级传递项目指标 APQP 要求和适当时进行 APQP 评审确定 APQP 要求,1-31,Subcontractor Expectations分承包方期望,Subcontractor APQP Status general expectations are that all internal and external suppliers must: 分承包方 APQP 状态的总的期望是所有内部和外部供方必须:Assess the risk and specify the level of their subcontractors APQP participation评估风险和确定它们的分承包方参与 APQP 的等级 Cascade APQP requirements to their subcontractors向它们的分承包方逐级传递 APQP 要求 Hold regularly scheduled APQP review meetings with their subcontractors有规律的与分承包方会议,进行安排好的 APQP 评审,1-32,Drawing and Specifications图样和规范,This element provides an evaluation of the development of targets and specifications to be input to the design process and drawings.本要素提供对输入到设计过程和图样的指标和规范的开发的评价。These drawings include all engineering drawings, CAD data, material specifications, and engineering specifications.这些图样包括所有工程图样、CAD 数据、材料规范和工程规范。,1-34,Drawing and Specifications Expectations图样和规范期望,Program Need Dates are communicated and agreed to by effected areas.项目所需数据由受到影响的区域进行沟通和批准。SCs and CCs are identified on the drawings or attached documents.在图样和附带文件中确定 SC 和 CC。Tolerances and part specs are compatible with accepted manufacturing standards for gauges and equipment.公差和零件规格与量具和设备的可接受的制造标准一致。Drawings and specifications must include:图样和规范必须包括: Engineering specification tests工程规范试验 Product validation test requirements产品确认试验要求 Documentation to support prototype build and pre-launch control plan development文件化以支持样件制造和试生产控制计划的开发,1-35,Drawing and Specifications Expectations (Continued)图样和规范期望(续),The drawing information and engineering specifications will be used as a prerequisite to the PBCP. 图样信息和工程规范将作为样件制造控制计划( PBCP) 的先决条件。Material used by the suppliers or the subcontractors must be approved and included in the Ford Approved Source list.供方或分承包方使用的材料,必须被批准并包含在福特批准资源清单内。PD and ME personnel will assess drawings and specifications to ensure they meet the programs ABS and quality requirements.PD 和 ME 人员将评估图样和规范,以确保满足项目 ABS 和质量要求。,1-36,Prototype Build Elements样件制造要素,The PBCP supports the planning and construction of prototypes by documenting the process steps of the Prototype Build phase.PBCP 通过将样件制造阶段的过程步骤文件化支持样件的策划和构造。2 The Prototype Build ensures that the customer receives CPs manufactured and assembled prior to 1PP.样件制造确保顾客在 装车验证前收到制造和装配好的 CP。,1-41,PBCP (Prototype Build Control Plan) DefinitionPBCP(样件制造控制计划)定义,The PBCP description of the dimensional measurements and material/functional tests that occur during the CP build.PBCP 描述了发生在 CP 制造中的尺寸测量和材料/功能试验It is the first summary document that indicates:是说明如下事项的摘要文件:The steps between Prototype Build and Pre-Launch leading to the Production Control Plan产生生产控制计划的样件制造和试生产之间的步骤The process steps to identify and align both the products characteristics and its targets识别和调整产品特性及其指标的过程步骤,1-42,PBCP General ExpectationsPBCP 总的期望,Product characteristics are reviewed评审产品特性Those characteristics required for PBCPs are identified.确定 PBCP 所要求的特性。All potential significant and critical characteristics from the DFMEAs must be included.必须包括 DFMEA 输出的所有潜在重要和关键特性。The process parameter conditions must be documented.过程参数条件必须被文件化。This includes all special tooling, manufacturing, and assembly conditions.包括所有特殊工具、制造和装配条件。,1-43,Prototype Build原 型样件制造,Defines the manufacture and assembly of components, subsystems, systems, and vehicles supplied to the customer for builds occurring prior to the 1PP trial run 定义在 1PP 试运行前的样件制造,以提供给零部件、子系统、系统和车辆的制造和装配。Includes not only the actual build process, but the preparation for the build so that CPs are supplied to the customer prior to 1PP不仅包括实际的制造过程,而且包括为了在 1PP 前将 CP 提交给顾客而进行的制造准备,1-45,Prototype Build Expectations原型样件制造期望,PBCPs are followed.按照 PBCP 进行Suppliers receive all necessary information and participate according to the programs schedule and timing.供方收到所有必要的信息并按照项目时间安排定时参与The timing for changes will be in line with the next build phase.更改的时间选择应该符合下一个制造阶段。All prototype materials must meet 100 percent of the dimensional specifications and functional requirements at delivery to meet the CP In-Plant Date.交付时所有样件材料必须 100% 满足尺寸规范和功能要求以满足 CP 到达客户工厂日期。,1-46,Prototype Build Expectations (Continued)原型样件制造期望(续),Quality levels are checked against the PBCP.按照 PBCP 检查质量等级。Dimensional and functional data is available for review by the customer on each part.顾客可以获得每个零件的尺寸和功能数据以进行评审。Suppliers provide customers with any testing and checking requirements for prove-out of their part design.供方向顾客提供所有试验和检查要求以证明零件设计是适当的。An Action Matrix is developed to capture and resolve all concerns found during build and any subsequent lab, plant, and/or road testing, and all concerns are reviewed with the program team and appropriate management.开发“措施矩阵”以获得和解决在制造和所有试验室、工厂和/或道路试验中并发的问题,和所有项目小组及适当的管理层评审的问题。,1-47,Facilities, Tools, and Gauges (8)设施、工具和量具(8),This element identifies the new, additional, refurbished, and relocated facilities and resources necessary to manufacture the customer-specified product at designated quantity and quality levels. 本要素确定了以规定的数量和质量等级制造顾客指定的产品所需的新的、额外的、更新的和重新部署的设施和资源。The element also identifies the tools and gauges used in process machinery to transform raw material into finished parts or assemblies. 本要素还确定了用于将原材料转换为完成的零件或组装件的机械加工过程的工具和量具。,1-52,Expectations期望,The planning and execution of this element must align with: to milestones PQOS Deliverables 本要素的计划和执行必须配合 里程碑 到 PQOS 需交付的事务Facility permits, planning approval, drawings, and utilities must be included on the Manufacturing Timing Plan. In addition, funding approvals must be completed.制造时间计划中必须包括设施许可、计划批准、图样和效用。另外,必须完成资金批准。The program team must approve statistical requirements and acceptance criteria before sourcing of tools or gauges can be made. 在可以进行工具和量具的外包之前,项目小组必须批准统计要求和接收准则。,1-53,Expectations (Continued)期望(续),All tools and gauges must comply with Tooling and Equipment Supplement requirements.所有工具和量具必须符合工装和设备补充要求。Trial runs should occur at the machine builders location to qualify all tools.应该在机械制造者的现场进行试运行,以验证所有工具合格。All corrective actions for facilities, tools, and gauges not meeting customer requirements must be completed before the Production Trial Run.必须在产品试生产前完成针对不满足顾客要求的设施、工具和量具的所有纠正措施。Tools and gauges must be delivered, set up, and approved in their specified facilities before the Production Trial Run. 产品试生产前工具和量具必须以制定的设施交付、安装和批准。,1-54,Manufacturing Process Flow (13)制造过程流程(13),This element is a graphic representation of the current or proposed sequence of the manufacturing