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Womens Liberation,United States of America,薛敏,Quote,Because I am a woman, I must make unusual efforts to succeed. If I fail, no one will say, She doesnt have what it takes. They will say, Women dont have what it takes. -Clare Boothe Luce (克莱尔布思卢斯),DefinitionFirst Wave FeminismSecond Wave FeminismThird Wave FeminismConclusion,Table of Content,The definition of the feminist movement,Feminism refers to political, cultural, and economic movements seeking greater, equal, or, among a minority, superior rights and participation in society for women.,The Feminist MovementWomens Movement, Womens Liberation, refers to a series of campaigns for reforms on issues such as reproductive right, maternity leave, equal pay, womens suffrage and sexual violence.,History,First Wave,First Wave Feminism: 1900s1920sBy 1900, suffragettes are campaigning heavily for voting rights. Also in the 1920s, feminism takes the form of alternative style trends such as flapper dresses and short haircuts, and “masculine” behaviors like smoking and drinking alcohol.,Social Impact -19th Amendment,“The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.” -Ratified on August 18, 1920.,History,First Wave,Second Wave,Second Wave Feminism: 1960s,In the early 1960s, many middle- and upper-class white women begin to question their domestic roles,Height of the Movement: 1970s,Challenge womens attitudes toward the nuclear familyCall upon women to become “political lesbians” and stop “sleeping with the enemy.”,Background Information -Women in World War II,Competitive Theory,Background InformationAfrican-American Civil Rights Movement (19551968),Outlawing racial discrimination against African Americans End Racial Segregation.,W. E. B. Du Bois, Malcolm X, Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King, Jr.,Achievement:The Civil Rights Act of 1964,Social Impact -Equal Rights Amendment,“Section 1. Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex”In 1972, it passed both houses of Congress, but failed to gain ratification before its June 30, 1982 deadline.,Social Impact -Literature,“It ignited the contemporary womens movement in 1963 and as a result permanently transformed the social fabric of the United States and countries around the world.” - New York Times,Social Impact -Womens Organizations,Betty Friedan An American writerA leading figure in the “Second Wave” of the US Womens Movement,The National Organization for Women (NOW) -Founded in 1966,Social Impact -Movie,First Blood In The Debate On Womens Liberation,Third-Wave Feminism: 1990sIn the 1990s, fierce abortion debates create deep partisan divisions about funding, counseling, late-term abortion, and the states “compelling” interest in potential human life.,History,First Wave,Second Wave,Third Wave,Thank You!,