英语翻译定语从句的译法课件.ppt
定语从句的翻译,Translation of Attributive Clauses,限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行词起限制作用，与先行词关系较为密切；非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句对先行词不起限制作用，只是对它加以叙述，描写或解释，并用逗号与之隔开。,定语从句,前置译法 后置译法合成译法译成状语从句,定语从句的翻译,限制性定语从句往往要译成“的”这种句型的前置定语结构，因为限制性定语从句与所修饰的词关系密切，若分开译则会影响主句意思的完整。也有一些非限制性定语从句，或因结构较短，或因与被修饰词关系较为密切，或因拆译后将会造成译文结构松散，在这种情况下也可以译成前置定语结构。,前置译法,The pressure is also heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job.对于那些只想毕业后找份工作的学生来说, 压力也一样不小。I think we should be worried about the values that are nurturing the new generation.我想我们应该为培育这下一代的价值理念感到担忧。,3. My brothers laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence.我哥哥那富有感染力的笑声 打破了沉默。,后置译法在非限制性定语从句中使用得比较普遍。有些限制性定语从句结构相对复杂，译成汉语前置定语则显得过长，而且不符合汉语表达习惯，这种情况下往往也可以译成后置的并列分句，作进一步的连贯叙述。,后置译法,即先译主句，然后将定语从句译成并列分句，有时也可以译成独立的句子。这时要重复先行词或用代词、副词等来指代先行词或整个句子。,If you reach Chicago by train and spend only an hour or two there you will feel the light wind off the lake which gives it the name “Windy City”.如果乘火车抵达芝加哥，即使只在那里逗留一两个小时，你也会感觉到从（密歇根）湖那边吹拂过来的阵阵清风，这就是芝加哥之所以叫做“风城” 的缘故。They turned a deaf ear to our demands, which enraged all of us.他们对我们的要求置之不理，这使我们大家都很气愤。,省略英语关系代词或关系副词所代表的含义，必要时还需要加译一些代词或连词。,In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks this week, let us recognize at the outset these points: we have at times in the past been enemies. We have great differences today. What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend these differences.我希望我们在本周的会谈将会是坦诚的。让我们从一开始就以下几点达成共识：过去的一些时期内我们曾经是敌人。今天我们仍有着巨大的分歧。但我们之所以走到一起，是因为我们有着共同利益，这些利益能够让我们超越这些分歧。,将英语关系代词who或which 转译成汉语人称代词或指示代词。,I have met children who not only are growing emotionally and intellectually but also are trying to make sense of the world morally. 我接触到一些孩子，他们不但 情感和智力方面在发展，也 开始在道德伦理方面感悟世界。,把原句中的被修饰词与定语从句合在一起译成一个独立的汉语句子的翻译方法。英语中的 there be 结构就可以采用这种译法来处理。还有一些带有限制性定语从句的英语复合句，如果英语中的主句能够压缩成汉语词组并用做主语，那么定语从句就可以译成谓语结构，从而构成一个独立句。如果主句压缩成汉语词组后用作其它成分，那么定语从句可以译成一个句子。关系代词可灵活处理 。,合成译法,There was a man who seemed to have the answers, and who was Mr. Robert.有人似乎胸有成竹，他就是罗伯特先生。,March is the month God created to show people who dont drink what a hangover is like.上帝创造了三月，诣在让那些未曾喝醉过的人们体验沉醉的感觉。The kapok is in blossom that heralds the early spring.木棉盛开，预示着早春的到来。,You compare her with your English women who wolf down three to five meat meals a day; naturally, you find her a sylph (身材苗条的女人) .你们英国女人每天狼吞虎咽地吃三到五餐肉食，你拿她同她们(英国女人)比，当然觉得她是个苗条仙女了。,有些定语从句从形式上看是定语，但在意义上与主句有着逻辑状语关系，起着主句的原因，结果，目的，条件，让步等状语的作用，翻译时应该按照其语法功能，译成汉语各种相应的复句。,译成状语从句,The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain.由于计算机起着类似人脑的作用，所以常常被称作电脑。（原因状语）There is no bad habit that may not be cured by a strong will-power.只要有坚强的意志力，就没有什么坏习惯不能改掉。（条件状语）,The newswoman wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to that shipwreck.这位女记者想写篇文章，以便能够引起公众对那起沉船事件的注意。（目的状语）You would have to be careful not to offend the boss, who would give you the sack at any time.你得小心谨慎，不能得罪老板，因为老板随时可以炒你的鱿鱼。（原因状语）,18,A baker who sells bread for money can use the money to buy anything he wants. The United States is known for its supermarkets, where all kinds of food and household articles are sold. I gave the report to Albert, who later give it to the department head.,19,The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendour. The crew, who were all asleep, didnt see the rock. Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace man.,20,There be 主语和定语从句融合在一起,There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month.There are many people who want to see the film.There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.,21,带有定语从句的复合句:主句压缩成汉语词组作主语,定语从句翻译成谓语,We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity.“We are a nation that must beg to stay alive”, said a foreign economist.,22,一个靠卖面包为生的面包师可以用他的钱买他要买的任何东西。美国以它的超级市场而著称，那儿出售各种食物和家庭用品。我把报告给了阿尔伯特，阿尔伯特又把报告给了系主任。太阳整天藏在云彩后面，现在显露出来，灿烂辉煌。,23,船员们没有看见礁石，因为他们都睡着了。虽然电子计算机有很多优越性，但它不能做到创造性的工作，也不能代替人。,24,在那些人群中, 有些人每天站在那里,站了一个月.许多人要看这部电影.楼下有人要见你.我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有国籍的某些标志.一个外国经济学家说到, 我们这个国家不讨饭就活不下去.,
