电气自动化专业英语课件.ppt

自动化专业英语,English for Automation,Contents,Unit 1,Unit 2,Unit 3,Unit 4,Unit 5,Unit 6,Unit 7,Unit 8,Unit 9,Unit 10,Reading A,Unit 1,The main components used in electronics are of two general types: passive (e.g. resistors and capacitors) and active (e.g. transistors and integrated circuits). The main difference between active and passive components is that active ones require to be powered in some way to make them work.,Passive ComponentsThe ResistorA resistor (Figure 1-1) is a piece of material that obeys Ohms Law. The name comes from its main property; it resists the flow of charge through itself, hence allowing us to control the current. Resistors can be made of various kinds of material, but whatever the choice it must conduct some electricity otherwise it wouldnt be of any use.,Two wires are connected to opposite ends of the resistor (Figure 1-2). When we apply a potential difference between the wires we set up a current from one wire to the other, through the resistor. The size of the current is proportional to the difference in voltage between the wires. The resistance (in units of Ohms) is defined as the ratio of the applied voltage, V (in Volts), divided by the current, I (in Amps), produced by the applied voltage.,Unit 1,The value is usually displayed using standard colour code (Figure 1-3).,Unit 1,The CapacitorIf you look at a catalogue of electronic components youll find an enormous variety of sizes and types of capacitor. However, for most purposes we can divide capacitors into two basic types: dielectric and electrolytic.,A capacitor acts as a charge store (Figure 1-4). It contains a pair of metal plates separated by a thin sheet of insulating material. The plates are electrically neutral - the number of positive protons in each exactly equals the number of negative electrons.,However, if we connect wires to the plates and apply external voltage we can drag electrons off one plate and push them on to the other.,Unit 1,This takes energy, i.e. we have to do work charging the capacitor. The result is a capacitor with one plate positively charged and the other negatively charged. The energy used to move charge is stored by this imbalance. If we connect two plates together with a resistor, the electrons rush back home releasing their energy again. The voltage between the plates of a charged capacitor is proportional to the amount of charge moved. The charge/voltage ratio for any specific capacitor is called the capacitance (Figure 1-5).,The DiodeThere are a number of different electronic devices which tend to be called diodes (Figure 1-6). Although theyre made differently they all have three things in common.,Unit 1, They have two leads like a resistor. The current they pass depends upon the voltage between the leads. They do not obey Ohms law! As an example we will use a typical diode called a pn-junction. This allows us to explain behavior of diodes. Remember, however, that there are other sorts of diodes which are built differently but show the same general behavior. We create a pn-junction by joining together two pieces of semiconductor, one doped n-type, the other p-type. This causes a depletion zone to form around the junction (the join) between the two materials. This zone controls the behavior of the diode.,Unit 1,Notes,1. When we apply a potential difference between the wires we set up a current from one wire to the other, through the resistor. 本句是由When we引导的时间状语从句。本句可译为：当在两导线间施加一个电势差时，就会有电流通过电阻器从一根导线传递到另一根导线。2. If we connect wires to the plates and apply an external voltage we can drag electrons off one plate and push them on to the other. 本句是由If we引导的条件状语从句，we can drag为主句部分。本句可译为：如果我们将导线连接到金属板上，并且外加电压，电子就从一块金属板扯拽到另一块上。3. There are other sorts of diodes which are built differently but show the same general behavior. 本句为简单句。本句可译为：还有很多种不同结构的二极管，但他们有相同的一般性能。,Unit 1,Exercise,EXERCISE 1Mark the following statements with T (True) or F (False) according to the passage.1. Active components are different from passive components in some way to make them work. 2. The resistance is often considered as the ratio of the current, I (in Amps).3. If wires are connected to the plates and an external voltage is applied electrons can be dragged off one plate and they are pushed on to the other.4. Although diodes are made differently they all have the same in three ways.5. Some of diodes are differently and show different behavior.,T,F,T,T,F,Unit 1,Exercise,EXERCISE 2Translate the following phrases into Chinese or English.1. active components _2. 欧姆定律3. potential difference _4. 施加电压5. insulating material _6. 正质子7. electronic device _8. 耗尽层,有源元件,电势差,绝缘材料,电子器件,Ohms Law,applied voltage,positive protons,depletion zone,Unit 1,Reading B,Active ComponentsJunction Field Effect TransistorsJunction field effect transistors (JFETs) come in two flavors, p-channel and n-channel (Figure 1-7). In each case a bar, or channel, of one type of semiconductor material is located inside a bulk material of the other kind i.e. p inside n, or n inside p.,A pair of metallic contacts is placed at each end of the channel. When we apply a voltage between these, a current can flow along the channel from one contact to the other. The contact which launches charges along the channel is called the source; the one that eats them at the other end is called the drain.,Unit 1,In an n-channel device, the channel is made of n-type semiconductor, so the charges free to move along the channel are negatively (hence n) charged - they are electrons. In a p-channel device the free charges which move from end-to-end are positively (hence p) charged - they are holes (Figure 1-8). Remember that a hole is the absence of an electron. In each case the source puts fresh charges into the channel while the drain removes them at the other end.,Unit 1,Some of the basic properties exhibited by a Bipolar Transistor are immediately recognizable as being diode-like. However, when the filling of the sandwich is fairly thin some interesting effects become possible that allow us to use the Transistor as an amplifier or a switch. To see how the Bipolar Transistor works we can concentrate on the NPN variety.,Bipolar TransistorA Bipolar Transistor (Figure 1-9) essentially consists of a pair of PN Junction Diodes that are joined back-to-back. This forms a sort of a sandwich where one kind of semiconductor is placed in-between two others. There are therefore two kinds of bipolar sandwich, the NPN and PNP varieties. The three layers of the sandwich are conventionally called the Collector, Base, and Emitter. The reasons for these names will become clear later once we see how the transistor works.,Unit 1,Figure 1-10 shows the energy levels in an NPN transistor when we arent externally applying any voltages. We can see that the arrangement looks like a back-to-back pair of PN Diode junctions with a thin P-type filling between two N-type slices of bread. In each of the N-type layers conduction can take place by the free movement of electrons in the conduction band. In the P-type (filling) layer conduction can take place by the movement of the free holes in the valence band. However, in the absence of any externally applied electric field, we find that depletion zones form at both PN-Junctions, so no charge wants to move from one layer to another.,Unit 1,Consider now what happens when we apply a moderate voltage between the Collector and Base parts of the transistor. The polarity of the applied voltage is chosen to increase the force pulling the N-type electrons and P-type holes apart (Figure 1-11). This widens the depletion zone between the Collector and base and,so no current will flow. In effect we have reverse-biased the Base-Collector diode junction. The precise value of the Base-Collector voltage we choose doesnt really matter to what happens provided we dont make it too big and blow up the transistor!,Exercise,Unit 1,EXERCISE 3Choose the best electronic components according to the information given.,C,E,B,F,D,A,Exercise,Unit 1,EXERCISE 4Abbreviations are very useful in practical work. Read them and then translate them into corresponding Chinese terms.,交流,数/模转换,音频,自动频率控制,自动增益控制,调幅,Unit 1,Glance at the structure,The following is the Electronic Component Structure.Sample,Unit 1,Explanations of the NPN Transistor Terms,Unit 1,EXERCISE 5The following is the Electronic Component Structures. After reading them, you are required to choose the suitable words or phrases given below.,Unit 1,1._ 2. _3. _ 4. _5. _ 6. _7. _ 8. _9. _,Emitter (E),p-type Emitter region,n- type Base region,p-type Collector region,Collector (C),Emitter-Base Junction (EBJ),Base (B),Collector-Base Junction (CBJ),PNP,Unit 1,Section A,The following is the Typical Vertical Chip Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor Construction, and you can understand the name of the Capacitor.Sample,Unit 1,Explanations of the Capacitor Construction,Unit 1,EXERCISE 6Complete the information by translating the part given in Chinese.,Structure of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor (Radial Lead Type),Unit 1,1. A. lead wire B. insulator C. plate2. A. element B. sealant C. electrode3. A. seal rubber B. lead wire C. metal case4. A. capacitor element B. sealant C. aluminum case5. A. resistor B. coil C. conductr6. A. integrated circuit B. negative electron C. fastening tape7. A. anode layer B. conduction band C. bulk material8. A. applied voltage B. electrolytic paper C. electric field9. A. cathode layer B. potential difference C. valence band,A,B,C,A,B,C,A,B,A,Unit 1,Section B,This section will help you how to understand Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor failure.Sample,Typical Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor Failure Modes and Their Causes,Unit 1,Unit 1,EXERCISE 7The following is the manufacture of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor. After reading them, you are required to choose the interpretations given in Column C match the Functions given in Column A.,B,Unit 1,D,A,E,C,Unit 1,Practical Activity,How Coin and Multilayer Electric Double-layer Capacitors Are Manufactured,Unit 1,Unit 1,Part V Listening and Speaking,Talking About ProductsDialogue OneA: Whats this, Mike?B: Its an aluminum capacitor.A: Is it made of aluminum?B: Yes. They are composed of two rolled up strips of aluminum foils.A: Whats its capacitance range?B: It covers the capacitance ranging from 0.1F to 500,000F.A: Woo, it really has a wide range. B: And it also has a wide tolerance range, usually 20% or more.A: How about its working voltage?B: Working voltages range from 10V to 100V.A: Oh, so they must have wide applications. B: Actually, they are not suited for high-frequency coupling applications.,Unit 1,Dialogue TwoA: What are you doing, Sam?B: Im soldering a surface-mounted aluminum capacitor.A: Familiarize yourself with the instructions, please. Otherwise, it would be dangerous!B: Really? I have no idea about it. A: It may cause an explosion, fire, or other serious troubles!B: Oh my God! Thats awful!A: So youd better solder it under specified operating conditions!B: Could you give me some hints?A: Firstly, you should keep the operating temperature and ripple current in specified ranges.B: Whats the consequence if I would not do like that?A: It will be overheated, resulting perhaps in short-circuit, ignition, or other fatal fault!B: Is there anything else I should pay attention to?A: Yes. I have aluminum capacitor use instructions. Let me show you, come with me. B: Thank you very much.,Unit 1,New Words (1),electronic a. 电子的 component n. 元件electronics n. 电子设备passive a. 无源的active a. 有源的resistor n. 电阻器capacitor n. 电容器transistor n. 晶体管integrated a. 集成的circuit n. 电路ohm n. 欧姆property n. 性能charge n. 电荷 v. 充电current n. 电流conduct v. 导电electricity n. 电potential n. 电势,wire n. 导线voltage n. 电压resistance n. 电阻ratio n. 比率apply v. 施加amp n. 安培volt n. 伏特value n. 值dielectric a. 电介质的electrolytic a. 电解质的plate n. 金属板sheet n. 板insulate v. 绝缘neutral a. 中性的positive a. 正的proton n. 质子negative a. 负的,electron n. 电子imbalance n. 不平衡release v. 释放capacitance n. 电容diode n. 二极管lead n. 引线junction n. 结behavior n. 性能semiconductor n. 半导体dope v. 掺杂 depletion n. 耗尽join n. 结,Unit 1,field n. 场effect n. 效应transistor n. 晶体管flavor n.特点；特色channel n. 沟道bulk n.火块；容量；体积gate n. 门极source n. 源极drain n. 漏极metallic a. 金属的contact n. 触点launch v. 释放hole n. 空穴 view n. 视图bipolar a. 双极的layer n. 层collector n集电极,base n 基极emitter n. 发射极exhibit v. 呈现amplifier n. 放大器level n. 级arrangement n. 排列conduction n. 导电band n. 带valence n. 原子价polarity n. 极性reverse-bias v. 反向偏压,New Words (2),Unit 1,Phrases and Expressions (1),electronic component 电子元件passive component 无源元件active component 有源元件integrated circuit 集成电路Ohms Law 欧姆定律potential difference 电势差be proportional to 与成正比in units of 单位为be defined as 定义为 applied voltage 施加电压insulating material 绝缘材料positive proton 正质子negative electron 负电子do work 做功electronic device 电子器件pn-junction p-n结depletion zone 耗尽层,Unit 1,Phrases and Expressions (2),Junction Field Effect Transistors (JFETs) 结型场效应晶体管p-channel p沟道n-channel n沟道bulk material 松散材料metallic contact 金属触点electric field 电场 view from above 俯视图Bipolar Transistor 双极型晶体管PN Junction Diode PN结二极管energy level 能级conduction band 导电带valence band 价电子带blow up 熔断,Reading A,Unit 2,An electronic circuit is a closed path or paths formed by the interconnection of electronic components through which an electric current can flow.Physically, an electronic circuit can be as small as a pin point or cover many miles. They are constructed by connecting electronic components together with conductors, which allow electricity to flow between the components. Integrated circuits (Figure 2-1) are small circuits constructed from a piece of semiconductor housed in a protective package.,While larger circuits may be built by assembling electronic components onto a printed circuit board (PCB), which is used to mechanically support and electrically connect the components (Figure 2-2). Integrated circuits are typically used as components in larger circuits built onto PCBs. When components are connected using wire as the conductor, the circuit may be extended to cover or connect a large area.,Breadboards, perfboards or stripboards are common for testing new designs. They allow the designer to make quick changes to the circuit during development.Electronic circuits can display highly complex behaviors, even though they are governed by the same laws of physics as simpler circuits.An electronic circuit can usually be categorized as an analog circuit, a digital circuit, or a mixed-signal circuit (a combination of analog circuits and digital circuits).,Unit 2,Unit 2,Analog circuitsAnalog electronic circuits (Figure 2-3) are those in which signals may vary continuously with time to correspond to the information being represented. Electronic equipment like voltage amplifiers, power amplifiers, tuning circuits, and radios are largely analog (with the exception of their control sections, which may be digital, especially in modern units).,There are two main types of analog circuits: series and parallel. A string of Christ