故宫 英文版课件.ppt

The Forbidden City,The Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial palace from the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. It is located in the middle of Beijing, China. For almost 500 years, it served as the home of emperors and their households, as well as the ceremonial and political center of Chinese government.,The Introduction of Forbidden City,Built in 1406 to 1420, the complex consists of 9999 buildings and covers 720,000 . The palace buildings exemplify traditional Chinese palatial architecture and have influenced cultural and architectural developments in East Asia and elsewhere. Since 1925, the Forbidden City has been under the charge of the Palace Museum,The Forbidden City was declared a World Heritage Site in 1987, and is listed by UNESCO as the largest collection of preserved ancient wooden structures in the world.,The origin of name,The common English name, the Forbidden City, is a translation of the Chinese name Zijin Cheng (Chinese: 紫禁城;literally Purple Forbidden City). Another English name of similar origin is Forbidden Palace.The name Zijin Cheng is a name with significance on many levels. Zi, or Purple, refers to the North Star, which in ancient China was called the Ziwei Star, and in traditional Chinese astrology was the abode of the Celestial Emperor. The surrounding celestial region, the Ziwei Enclosure (Chinese: 紫微垣) was the realm of the Celestial Emperor and his family.,The Forbidden City, as the residence of the terrestrial emperor, was its earthly counterpart. Jin, or Forbidden, referred to the fact that no-one could enter or leave the palace without the emperors permission. Cheng means a walled city.Today, the site is most commonly known in Chinese as Ggng (故宫), which means the Former Palace. The museum which is based in these buildings is known as the Palace Museum (Chinese: 故宫博物院 ),“紫禁城”这个名字和中国古代哲学和天文学有关。中国人认为“天人感应”和“天人合一”。因此故宫的结构是模 仿传说中的“天宫”构造的。古代天文学把恒星分为三垣，周围环绕着28宿，其中紫微垣（北极星）正处中天，是所有星宿的中心。紫禁城之紫，就是“紫微正中”之紫，意为皇宫也是 人间的 “正中”。“禁”则指皇室所居，尊严无比，严禁侵扰。,History,The site of the Forbidden City was situated on the Imperial City during the Mongol Yuan Dynasty. Upon the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, the Hongwu Emperor moved the capital from Beijing in the north to Nanjing in the south. When his son Zhu Di became the Yongle Emperor, he moved the capital back to Beijing, and construction began in 1406 of what would become the Forbidden City.,Construction lasted 15 years, and required more than a million workers.Material used include whole logs of precious Phoebe zhennan wood (Chinese: 楠木) found in the jungles of south-western China, and large blocks of marble from quarries near Beijing.The floors of major halls were paved with golden bricks (Chinese: 金砖), specially baked paving bricks from Suzhou. After being the home of 24 emperors 14 of the Ming Dynasty and 10 of the Qing Dynasty the Forbidden City ceased being the political centre of China in 1912 with the abdication of Puyi, the last Emperor of China.,Architecture,The Forbidden City is a rectangle 961 metres from north to south and 753 metres from east to west. The Forbidden City was designed to be the centre of the ancient, walled city of Beijing. It is enclosed in a larger, walled area called the Imperial City. The Imperial City is, in turn, enclosed by the Inner City; to its south lays the Outer City.,The central north-south axis remains the central axis of Beijing. This axis extends to the south through Tiananmen gate to Tiananmen Square, the ceremonial centre of the Peoples Republic of China, and on to Yongdingmen. To the north, it extends through Jingshan Hill to the Bell and Drum Towers.,Traditionally, the Forbidden City is divided into two parts. The Outer Court (外朝) or Front Court (前朝) includes the southern sections, and was used for ceremonial purposes. The Inner Court (内廷) or Back Palace (后宫) includes the northern sections, and was the residence of the Emperor and his family, and was used for day-to-day affairs of state. Beyond the square stands the Gate of Supreme Harmony. Behind that is the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square. A three-tiered white marble terrace rises from this square. Three halls stand on top of this terrace, the focus of the palace complex. From the south, these are the Hall of Supreme Harmony (太和殿), the Hall of Central Harmony (中和殿), and the Hall of Preserving Harmony (保和殿).,保和殿,Inner Court,From the south, these are the Palace of Heavenly Purity (乾清宮), Hall of Union(交泰殿), and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility. The Emperor, representing Yang and the Heavens, would occupy the Palace of Heavenly Purity. The Empress, representing Yin and the Earth, would occupy the Palace of Earthly Tranquility. In between them was the Hall of Union, where the Yin and Yang mixed to produce harmony.,乾清宫,交泰殿,坤宁宫,Color,Since yellow is the symbol of the royal family, it is the dominant color in the Forbidden City. Roofs are built with yellow glazed tiles; decorations in the palace are painted yellow; even the bricks on the ground are made yellow by a special process. However, there is one exception. Wenyuan, the royal library, has a black roof. The reason is that it was believed black represented water then and could extinguish fire.,Thank you,