托福写作备考之语块积累篇.doc

托福写作备考之语块积累篇 同学们在写作时有没有这样的困惑：为什么背了这么多年的单词但是感觉写作文的时候还是写不出好词佳句?今天给大家带来了托福写作备考之语块积累篇，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。托福写作备考之语块积累篇什么是语块呢?在语言学上，语块可以理解成能够一起去记忆或者处理的单词组合。从这个意义上看，单词如果是碎片，语块则可以帮助我们将碎片整理在一起。语块可以有不同的表现形式：比如说常见的单词搭配、句型、谚语等等。这些东西积累得越多，我们在写作过程就会发挥的越得心应手。原因也很简单：因为单词是零散的、单独的，但是使用单词必须要有具体的语境，而语块恰恰给我们提供了这样一个环境。我们下面将具体介绍单词搭配、句型和谚语这三种常见的语块。单词搭配举例来说，我们看一个单词“abandon”。这个单词相信大家都背过，是放弃的意思。但是到底怎么才能把这个单词用好?什么情况去用这个单词呢?如果我们去查词典，这里以朗文字典为例，我们就知道，abandon有遗弃; 放弃的意思。但这远远不够。当abandon 表示遗弃的时候，常见的搭配是abandon a baby;所以弃婴是abandoned baby。同理，abandon 作为放弃是大家常见的意思，但是什么时候用放弃这个意思呢。如果我们去看单词的搭配，我们就知道，abandon 有两个层面的意思，是具象的层面：如abandon a car/abandon a city。这里的意思就可以用leave 代替。而另一是抽象的层面。如abandon their attempts/ideas/hopes 等等，这次层面就相当于give up的含义。后abandon 还可以跟to 搭配，有沉溺于;不能自拔的意思, 如abandon oneself to grief (沉浸在悲伤) 和abandon oneself to fantasies (沉溺于幻想的意思)。从上述的例子可以看出，要学会一个单词的使用，重要的是看它能跟哪些单词搭配，有没有固定的短语可以使用。托福写作中常见的例子还有be preoccupied with (专注于), be occupied with (忙于什么)等等。句型语块另一层面是句型。如果我们能记住一些句型并熟练使用，也能大大充实我们的写作。比如说，it is universally acknowledged that , 对于这些句型，我们需要直接记住，并通过一两个例句的练习熟练掌握。如It is universally acknowledged that education plays an significant role in our life。这些句型的熟练掌握能够帮助我们在写作的时候有话能讲而且节省写作时间。这比光记住universally 和 acknowledge 这两个单词要实用的多。谚语后语块是英文里面脍炙人口的谚语。比如新概念第三册23册里的经典句 “One man meat is another mens poison”(萝卜青菜更有所爱)和 另一个谚语“great minds think alike” (英雄所见略同) 。这两则短语就可以很好地运用下面这道题目中：In order to succeed, its better for a person to act the same as others rather than behave differently from others.所以对于托福写作来说，要取得高分，是不能仅仅以背单词和背范文为导向，更重要的是要积累合适自己水平和熟练掌握的语料。我们该如何去积累这些语块呢?一方面同学们可以从好的英语杂志、英文歌曲和电影字幕甚至托福阅读中摘录，另一面也可以将范文中好的表达和老师上课讲过的短语和句型进行整理，放入自己的语块库。一旦形成自己比较稳定和擅长的语块库，就不难做到读书破万卷，下笔如有神了。托福写作素材：家人一起吃饭Busy schedules of both parents and children make it harder to have "family dinners." But families may not be aware of the benefits that come with regularly eating together at the table.Research suggests that having dinner together as a family at least four times a week has positive effects on child development. Family dinners have been linked to a lower risk of obesity, substance abuse, eating disorders, and an increased chance of graduating from high school.ConversationEating dinner together as a family provides the opportunity for conversation. This lets parents teach healthy communication without distractions from smart phones, television, computers, and mobile devices.By engaging your children in conversation, you teach them how to listen and provide them with a chance to express their own opinions. This allows your children to have an active voice within the family.Conversations at the dinner table expand the vocabulary and reading ability of children, regardless of socioeconomic status. Family dinners allow every family member to discuss his or her day and share any exciting news.Use these tips to encourage conversation:" Discuss the childs day. Express an interest in your childs daily life." Discuss current events. Bring up news thats appropriate for your childs age." Let all family members talk. Be an active listener and be sure your child learns to listen as well." Encourage your child to participate. Do not underestimate your childs ability to hold a conversation.Developmental BenefitsThe sense of security and togetherness provided by family meals helps nurture children into healthy, well-rounded adults. Frequent family dinners have a positive impact on childrens values, motivation, personal identity, and self-esteem.Children who eat dinner with their family are more likely to understand, acknowledge, and follow the boundaries and expectations set by their parents. A decrease in high-risk behaviors is related to the amount of time spent with family-especially during family dinners.To make the most of your family mealtime, follow these guidelines:" Turn off television, radio, mobile devices, etc., during dinner." Have family dinners at least four or five times a week." Enjoy positive conversation during the meal." Spend an hour eating dinner, conversing, and cleaning up together.Nutritional BenefitsEating dinner together as a family also encourages healthy eating habits and provides a model for children to carry with them into adulthood. Studies show family dinners increase the intake of fruits and vegetables; families who eat dinner together tend to eat fewer fried foods and drink less soda; and family meal frequency is linked to the intake of protein, calcium, and some vitamins.Here are some mealtime suggestions:" Cook as a family and include everyone in the preparation process." Experiment with fun recipes." Remake old recipes with healthier alternatives." Have "theme" cuisine nights such as Italian, Mexican, or Caribbean." Know your childrens favorite meals and cook them on a rotating basis." Create your own recipes.Nightly family dinners may require effort in planning, but the benefits in mental and physical health to you and your family are more than worth it.重点搭配和句子摘抄：Busy schedules : 繁忙的日程make it harder to X.X.X: 做X.X.X变得更加困难may not be aware of ：可能没有意识到has positive effects on X.X.X：对X.X.X有积极的影响Family dinners have been linked to a lower risk of obesity, substance abuse, eating disorders, and an increased chance of graduating from high school.家庭晚餐会降低肥胖、滥用药物、紊乱的饮食习惯的风险，同时也能增加高中毕业的概率。provides the opportunity for X.X.X：提供去X.X.X的机会without distractions from smart phones, television, computers, and mobile devices没有手机、电视、电脑和移动设备的干扰provide them with a chance to express their own opinions.给他们提供机会表达他们的观点this allows your children to X.X.X ：这让你的孩子X.X.Xexpand the vocabulary and reading ability of children：增加孩子的词汇量和阅读能力regardless of socioeconomic status：不管你的社会地位怎么样discuss his or her day and share any exciting news：讨论TA的一天、分享令人兴奋的新闻Bring up news: 提起新闻Be an active listener ：做一个积极的倾听者The sense of security and togetherness ：安全感和归属感helps nurture children into healthy, well-rounded adults帮助把孩子培养成健康、全面发展的成年人Frequent family dinners have a positive impact on childrens values, motivation, personal identity, and self-esteem.经常的家庭晚宴对孩子的价值观、动力、人格和自尊有积极的影响。understand, acknowledge, and follow the boundaries and expectations set by their parents：理解、认识到并能遵从家长设立的界限和期望decrease in high-risk behaviors ：降低高风险的行为encourages healthy eating habits ：鼓励健康饮食习惯provides a model for X.X.X：为X.X.X提供了一个范式increase the intake of fruits and vegetables：增加水果、蔬菜的摄入is linked to the intake of protein, calcium, and some vitamins：跟蛋白质、钙和其他维生素的摄入有关系on a rotating basis： 轮流the benefits in mental and physical health：身心健康的好处Citation：/solutionsforyourlife.ufl.edu/hot_topics/families_and_consumers/family_dinners.shtml适用题目：Nowadays it is not very important for families to regularly eat meals together.