管理会计双语版总结课件.ppt

1,Review,2,Chapter 1: Introduction,Why management accounting?Origin and evolution of management accountingContrasting financial and management accountingEthical standards for management accountingManagement accounting in China,3,Chapter 2 :Classifying Costs,Assigning costs to cost objectsProduct costDirect materialsDirect laborManufacturing overheadPeriod costSelling costAdministrative costPrime cost and conversion cost,4,Chapter 2 :Classifying Costs,Inventory classificationsRaw materialsWork-in-processFinished goodsThe flow of product cost Manufacturing cost for current period+ Beginning work-in-process inventory= cost of goods available to be finished- Ending work-in-process inventory= Cost of goods manufactured,5,Chapter 3 :Determining Costs of Products,Job order costingDirect material : traceDirect labor : traceManufacturing overhead : allocateCost pool and allocation baseActual cost system vs. normal cost systemOver-apply vs. under-applyProcess costingEquivalent units and cost per equivalent unitCost of ending work-in-processCost of completed units,6,Chapter 4 : Activity Based Costing,ABCCost driver : causes the cost to occurSteps to employ ABCReview manufacturing overheadIdentify major activitiesPool the costs of major activitiesDetermine multiple cost application ratesDetermine the costs assigned to individual productsComparison of traditional and ABC overhead allocation,7,Major Points of Cost Allocation,Why allocate?,How much to allocate?,Allocate to whom?,How to allocate?,1,2,3,4,8,Chapter 5 : Cost Behavior,Common cost behavior patternsFixed costs : think as totalVariable costs : think on a per-unit basisRelevant rangeMixed costs and its separationThe engineering approachScatter graphingThe high-low methodRegression analysis,9,Chapter 6 : Business Decisions using Cost Behavior,Cost-volume-profit analysisContribution margintotal vs. per unitContribution margin ratioBreak-even (in units and in dollars)Target profit (in units and in dollars)Three formulas (page 136)Sensitivity analysis,10,CVP Equations,Sales Variable Costs Fixed Costs = target profit,(Sales) (VC ratio * Sales) FC = target profit,(SP/unit * units) (VC/unit * units) FC = target profit,(Sales) (VC ratio * Sales) FC = TP ratio * Sales,11,Chapter 6 : Business Decisions using Cost Behavior,Absorption costing and variable costingFunctional and contribution income statement,12,Sales,VariableCosts,ContributionMargin,Direct Material,Direct Labor,Variable Mfg.,Variable S&A,Fixed Mfg.,Fixed S&A,Profit,13,Sales,Cost of Good Sold,GrossMargin,Direct Material,Direct Labor,Variable Mfg.,Fixed Mfg.,Variable S&A,Fixed S&A,Profit,14,Chapter 7 : Making Decisions Using Relevant Information,Relevant InformationRelevant Cost & Relevant BenefitSunk CostsOpportunity CostsQuantitative FactorsQualitative FactorsSegment Margin,15,Determining Relevant Cost and Benefit,Is the item a futurecost or benefit?,16,According to the above two criteria:Historical cost (sunk cost) is irrelevant.Future cost that will not differ is irrelevant.Variable cost can be irrelevant.Fixed cost can be relevant.Precise but irrelevant information is worthless for decision making.Imprecise but relevant information can be useful.,17,Types of Problems,A. Equipment ReplacementSunk Costs & DepreciationB. Special OrderFixed Cost & Opportunity CostsC. Outsourcing: Make or Buy DecisionFixed Costs and Opportunity CostsD. Discontinuing A Business SegmentAvoidable Costs & Unavoidable Costs,18,Chapter 8 : Capital Budgeting,Time value of moneyExhibit A8-5 and A8-10 (P 213 and P 216)The business planning processThe why, the what, the how and the whoCost of capitalWeighted average cost of capitalCapital budgeting methodsNet present valueProfitability indexInternal rate of returnPayback periodAccounting rate of return,19,Chapter 9 : The Operating Budget,Different approaches to budgetingPreparing an operating budgetSales budgetCost of goods sold budgetSelling and administrative expenses budgetPurchases budgetCash budgetCash receipts and cash payments scheduleBudgeted statementsBalance sheet, income statement and statement of cash flow,20,Chapter 9 : The Operating Budget,Performance reportStatic budgetFlexible budgetStatic budget varianceSales volume varianceFlexible budget varianceFavorable variance and unfavorable varianceManagement by exception,21,Chapter 10 : Standard Costing,StandardsQuantity and price standardsIdeal and practical standardsVariance AnalysisDirect material quantity varianceDirect material price varianceDirect labor efficiency varianceDirect labor rate varianceVariable mfg. overhead efficiency varianceVariable mfg. overhead spending varianceFixed mfg. overhead budget varianceFixed mfg. overhead volume variance,22,Chapter 11 : Evaluating Performance,Allocating service department costCentralization and decentralizationEvaluating business segmentsRevenue centerCost centerProfit centerInvestment centerReturn on investment and residual incomeTransfer pricing,23,Problems,1. Cost allocation and ABCCalculate and comment2. Gross margin and contribution marginAbsorption costing and variable costing 3. Capital budgetNet present valueProfitability indexInternal rate of returnPayback periodAccounting rate of return,24,Problems,4. Variance analysisCalculate and comment5. Cost-volume-profit analysisBreak-even point and target profitSensitivity analysisRelevant range6. Making decisions using relevant informationIdentify relevant informationSunk cost and opportunity costQuantitative factors and qualitative factors,25,Problems,7. Evaluating performanceReturn on investment and residual income8. Comprehensive problemCVP analysis and sensitivity analysisRelevant information and decision making9. Comprehensive problemCapital budgetingCVP analysisTransfer pricing and decision making,Problem 1,26,Problem 1,27,Problem 1,28,Problem 1,29,Problem 2,30,Problem 2,31,32,Sales,Cost of Good Sold,GrossMargin,Direct Material,Direct Labor,Variable Mfg.,Fixed Mfg.,Variable S&A,Fixed S&A,Profit,20,000,100,000,33,Problem 2,*Answer (e) is simply 100 - 20 = 80.,34,Sales,Cost of Good Sold,GrossMargin,Direct Material,Direct Labor,Variable Mfg.,Fixed Mfg.,Variable S&A,Fixed S&A,Profit,20,000,100,000,80,000,35,000,25,000,15,000,35,Problem 2,*Answer (c) is 80 - (35 + 25 + 15) = 5.,36,Sales,Cost of Good Sold,GrossMargin,Direct Material,Direct Labor,Variable Mfg.,Fixed Mfg.,Variable S&A,Fixed S&A,Profit,20,000,100,000,80,000,35,000,25,000,15,000,-5,000,37,Problem 2,*Total selling and administrative expenses = 5 + 20 = 25.The fixed selling and administrative expenses =10 Then answer (a) is 25 - 10 = 15.,38,Problem 2,Sales $100Cost of goods manufactured and sold (i.e., manufacturing cost of goods sold):Direct material $35Direct labor 25Variable manufacturing overhead 5*Fixed manufacturing overhead 15Total manufacturing cost of goods sold 80*Gross profit 20Selling and administrative expenses:Variable 15*Fixed 10 25Net loss $ (5),39,Problem 2,*Answer (e) is simply 100 - 20 = 80.*Answer (c) is 80 - (35 + 25 + 15) = 5.*Total selling and administrative expenses = 5 + 20 = 25. Then answer (a) is 25 - 10 = 15.,40,Sales,VariableCosts,ContributionMargin,Direct Material,Direct Labor,Variable Mfg.,Variable S&A,Fixed Mfg.,Fixed S&A,Profit,41,Problem 2,Sales $100Direct materials (35)Direct labor (25)Variable manufacturing overhead (5)Variable selling and administrative (15)Contribution margin $ 20Break-even =(15000+10000)/0.2 = $125,000,42,Problem 3,43,44,Problem 3,Problem 3,Problem 3,Problem 4,Page 183 7-32,48,Page 183 7-32,49,Problem 4,Howe Tie Company manufactures ties. When 18,000 items are produced, the costs per unit are:Direct materials $0.60 Direct manufacturing labor 3.00Variable manufacturing overhead 1.20Fixed manufacturing overhead 1.60Variable selling 0.80Fixed selling 1.13Total $8.30 The ties normally sell for $13 each. Howe Tie Company has received a special order for 2,000 ties at $6.00 per tie. Howe Tie Company has excess capacity. Required: Compute the amount by which the operating income would change if the order were accepted.,50,Problem 4,Answer:Additional sales (2,000 x $6.00) $12,000Relevant costs:Direct materials (2,000 x $0.60) $1,200Direct labor 2,000 x $3.00) 6,000Variable manufacturing overhead 2,400 (2,000 x $1.20)Variable selling (2,000 x $0.80) 1,600 11,200Additional operating income $800,51,Problem 5,Page 184, 7-35Page 184, 7-36,52,Page 184, 7-35,53,Page 184, 7-36,54,Problem 5,练习3,55,56,Problem 6,57,Problem 6,58,Problem 6,59,Problem 6,60,Problem 6,61,Problem 6,6.Osaka Company is planning to buy new equipment to expand their production of a popular desk. Estimated data are:Cash cost of the new equipment now $380 000Estimated life in years 10Terminal salvage value $ 60 000Incremental revenues per year $320 000Incremental expenses per year (other than depreciation ) $165 000,62,Problem 6,Assume a 60% flat rate for income taxes. The company receives all revenues and pays all expenses other than depreciation in cash. Use a 14% discount rate. Assume that the company uses ordinary straight-line depreciation based on a ten-year recovery period for tax purposes. Also assume that the company depreciates the original cost less the terminal salvage value.The present value of $1 at 14% for ten years is 0.270; the present value of an annuity of $1 at 14% for ten years is 5.216.; the future value of $1 at 14% for ten years is 3.707; the future value of an annuity of $1 at 14% for ten years is 19. 337.,63,Problem 6,Compute:(1) Anticipate net income per year (2%)(2) Annual net cash flow (3%)(3) Payback period (2%)(4) Accounting rate of return on initial investment (2%)(5) Net present value (3%),64,Problem 6,（1）Depreciation expense:(380,000 - 60,000) 10 = 32,000Net income: Revenues 320,000 Less expense: Depreciation 32,000 Other 165,000 197,000 Operating income 123,000 Less income tax (60%) 73,800 Net income 49,200,65,Problem 6,（2）Cash flow: 49,200 + 32,000 = 81,200 per year or 320,000 - 165,000 - 73,800 = 81,200（3）Payback period: 380,000 81,200 = 4.7 years （4）Accounting rate of return: 49,200 380,000 = 12.9%,66,Problem 6,（5）NPV: Annual cash flows, 81,200 x 5.2161 = 423,547 Salvage value, 60,000 x 0.2697 = 16,182 Gross present value 439,729 Less: Investment 380,000 Net present value 59,729,67,Page 318 10-44,Problem 7,68,Page 318 10-44,Direct material price variance=19360-16000*1.10=1760 UDirect material quantity variance=12000*1.10-2300*5*1.10=550 UDirect labor rate variance=46410-4750*12=10590 FDirect labor efficiency variance=4750*12-2300*2*12=1800 U,(Actual material price Standard material price) Actual material quantity,(Actual material quantity Standard material quantity) Standard material price,(Actual labor hours Standard labor hours) Standard labor rate per hour,(Actual labor rate Standard labor rate) Actual labor hours,69,Page 318 10-44,Variable mfg. overhead spending variance=29100-4750*6=600 UVariable mfg. overhead efficiency variance=4750*6-2300*2*6=900 UFixed mfg. overhead budget variance=50125-48000=2125 UFixed mfg. overhead volume variance=(3000-2300)*2*8=11200 U,单选 20*1判断10*1计算 6,70,71,期中考试试题,72,The End!Thanks!,