综合教程新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材教师ppt课件.ppt

Unit9,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,Watch the video and answer the following questions.,1. What happened to Chris? 2. Do you have the experience that you struggled so hard to achieve something, and at last you made it?,It was the last day of Chris internship at a prestigious stock brokerage firm. At last he got the job as a broker. This could change his life. So after meeting the managers, Chris got his happiness.,Open.,Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 2,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,Video Script1,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,Chris:Mr. Frohm:Chris:Jay:Chris:Mr. Frohm:Chris:Mr. Frohm:,Mr. Frohm, good to see you.Nice shirt.Thank you, sir.Chris.Hey, Jay.Chris, sit down, please.I thought Id wear a shirt today. You know, being the last day and all.Well, thank you. Thank you. We appreciate that. But . wear one tomorrow though, okay? Because tomorrows going to be your first day. If youd like to work here as a broker. Would you like that, Chris?,Video Script2,Chris: Mr. Frohm: Chris:Mr. Frohm: Chris:Mr. Frohm: Chris:Voiceover:,Yes, sir.Good. We couldnt be happier. So welcome. Was it as easy as it looked?No, sir. No, sir, it wasnt.Good luck, Chris.Thank you. Thank you.Oh, Chris. I almost forgot. Thank you.This part of my life . this little part . is called “happiness.”,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,Cultural information 1,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort. Franklin Roosevelt,1. Quote,Cultural information 2,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,2. The Pursuit of Happiness,The Pursuit of Happiness is a 2006 American biographical film directed by Gabriele Muccino about the on-and-off-homeless salesman-turned stockbroker Chris Gardner. The screenplay by Steven Conrad is based on the best-selling memoir of the same name written by Chris Gardner with Quincy Troupe. The film was released on December 15, 2006, by Columbia Pictures.,Cultural information 3,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,Chris Gardner is a bright and talented, but marginally employed salesman. Struggling to make ends meet, Gardner finds himself and his five-year-old son evicted from their San Francisco apartment with nowhere to go. When Gardner lands an internship at a prestigious stock brokerage firm, he and his son endure many hardships, including living in shelters, in pursuit of his dream of a better life for the two of them.,Global Reading - Text analysis,Structural analysis,Text analysis,1. Whats the authors answer to the question “What is happiness”?,According to the author, happiness lies in the idea of becoming, in the meaningful pursuit of what is life-engaging and life-revealing.,Structural analysis,Text analysis,2. Whats the authors purpose of writing?,To attempt a definition of happiness by setting some extremes to the idea and then working in toward the middle.,Global Reading - Text analysis,Structural analysis 1,The author points out that when we are not sure what happiness is, wetend to be misled by the idea that we can buy our way to it.,The author offers a number of examples to show how this misconception of happiness gives rise to the “happiness-market” in a highly commercialized society (the United States).,Divide the text into parts by completing the table.,Text analysis,Structural analysis,Structural analysis 2,Main idea,Structural analysis,The author suggests striking a balance between what Thoreau called the low levels and the high levels.,The author gives his understanding of happiness, in the light of the Founding Fathers belief that it is “in the idea of becoming”.,1 The right to pursue happiness is issued to Americans with their birth certificates, but no one seems quite sure which way it runs. It may be we are issued a hunting license but offered no game. Jonathan Swift seemed to think so when he attacked the idea of happiness as “the possession of being well-deceived,” the felicity of being “a fool among knaves.” For Swift saw society as Vanity Fair, the land of false goals.,What Is Happiness?,Detailed reading1,Detailed reading,John Ciardi,(abridged),2 It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves. We do, however, seem to be dedicated to the idea of buying our way to happiness. We shall all have made it to Heaven when we possess enough.3 And at the same time the forces of American commercialism are hugely dedicated to making us deliberately unhappy. Advertising is one of our major industries, and advertising exists not to satisfy desires but to create them and to create them faster than any mans budget can satisfy them. For that matter, our whole economy is based on a dedicated insatiability.,Detailed reading2,Detailed reading,Detailed reading3,We are taught that to possess is to be happy, and then we are made to want. We are even told it is our duty to want. It was only a few years ago, to cite a single example, that car dealers across the country were flying banners that read “You Auto Buy Now.” They were calling upon Americans, as an act approaching patriotism, to buy at once, with money they did not have, automobiles they did not really need, and which they would be required to grow tired of by the time the next years models were released.,Detailed reading,4 Or look at any of the womens magazines. There, as Bernard DeVoto once pointed out, advertising begins as poetry in the front pages and ends as pharmacopoeia and therapy in the back pages. The poetry of the front matter is the dream of perfect beauty. This is the baby skin that must be hers. These, the flawless teeth. This, the perfumed breath she must exhale. This, the sixteen-year-old figure she must display at forty, at fifty, at sixty, and forever.,Detailed reading4,Detailed reading,5 Once past the vaguely uplifting fiction and feature articles, the reader finds the other face of the dream in the back matter. This is the harness into which Mother must strap herself in order to display that perfect figure. These, the chin straps she must sleep in. This is the salve that restores all, this is her laxative, these are the tablets that melt away fat, these are the hormones of perpetual youth, these are the stockings that hide varicose veins.,Detailed reading5,Detailed reading,Detailed reading6,Detailed reading,6 Obviously no half-sane person can be completely persuaded either by such poetry or by such pharmacopoeia and orthopedics. Yet someone is obviously trying to buy the dream as offered and spending billions every year in the attempt. Clearly the happiness-market is not running out of customers, but what are they trying to buy?7 The idea “happiness,” to be sure, will not sit still for easy definitions: the best one can do is to try to set some extremes to the idea and then work in toward the middle. To think of happiness as acquisitive and competitive will do to set the materialistic extreme.,To think of it as the idea one senses in, say, a holy man of India will do to set the spiritual extreme. That holy mans ideal of happiness is in needing nothing from outside himself. In wanting nothing, he lacks nothing. He sits immobile, rapt in contemplation, free even of his own body. Or nearly free of it. If devout admirers bring him food, he eats it; if not, he starves indifferently. Why be concerned? What is physical is an illusion to him. Contemplation is his joy and he achieves it through a fantastically demanding discipline, the accomplishment of which is itself a joy within him.,Detailed reading7,Detailed reading,8 But, perhaps because I am Western, I doubt such catatonic happiness, as I doubt the dreams of the happiness-market. What is certain is that his way of happiness would be torture to almost any Western man. Yet these extremes will still serve to frame the area within which all of us must find some sort of balance. Thoreau a creature of both Eastern and Western thought had his own firm sense of that balance. His aim was to save on the low levels in order to spend on the high.,Detailed reading8,Detailed reading,9 Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreaus idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening ones perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.,Detailed reading9,Detailed reading,Detailed reading10,10 Happiness is never more than partial. There are no pure states of mankind. Whatever else happiness may be, it is neither in having nor in being, but in becoming. What the Founding Fathers declared for us as an inherent right, we should do well to remember, was not happiness but the pursuit of happiness. What they might have underlined, could they have foreseen the happiness-market, is the cardinal fact that happiness is in the pursuit itself, in the meaningful pursuit of what is life-engaging and life-revealing, which is to say, in the idea of becoming. A nation is not measured by what it possesses or wants to possess, but by what it wants to become.,Detailed reading,1. What does the author mean when he says “The right to pursue happiness is issued to Americans with their birth certificates”?,Detailed reading1-Quesion 1.1,Here the author alludes to the well-known statement in the Declaration of Independence of the United States of America: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.” The sentence means that everyone is born with the right to pursue happiness.,Detailed reading,Detailed reading1-Quesion 1.3,Detailed reading,2. What do the quoted expressions from Swift mean?,Both expressions “the possession of being well deceived” and “a fool among knaves” are used by Swift to describe a conception of happiness, i.e., a state of being deceived. The word “possession” here means “a state of being completely under the influence of an idea or emotion” and in this particular expression “the state of being deceived.” “A fool among knaves” refers to a person who is easily deceived without realizing it.,Detailed reading1-Quesion 2.1,Detailed reading,Why does the author say, “It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves”?,Because most Americans take it for granted that pursuing happiness, or buying their way to it is in accordance with American national character.,Detailed reading1-Quesion 2.2,Detailed reading,How is the car dealers words on the banner “You Auto Buy Now” related with patriotism in Paragraph 3?,The word “auto” is homophonous to “ought to,” so the advertisement on the banner can be read as “You Ought to Buy Now,” implying that your act of purchasing a car is an act of patriotism.,Why does the author use the words “poetry” and “dream” to describe the advertisements in womens magazines?,Detailed reading1-Quesion 3,The author intends to tell the reader that these advertisements present a perfect yet illusionary image which would ultimately create peoples desires. Implicitly, the author suggests that what money can buy is purely a dream of happiness.,Detailed reading,Why does the author need to say “because I am Western,” “torture to almost any Western man”?,Detailed reading1-Quesion 5,Because Western people are supposed to be quite rational and matter-of-fact. The catatonic happiness the holy man in India believes in is totally incredible and unacceptable to a Westerner.,Detailed reading,Detailed reading1-Quesion 6,Detailed reading,How does the author differentiate the Founding Fathers notion of happiness from the misconception about it?,The author explains that the inherent right the Founding Fathers declared for us is not happiness, but the pursuit of happiness, and happiness is in the pursuit itself.,pursue vt. try to achieve something,Detailed reading1 pursue,e.g.,He urges all sides in the conflict to pursue peace.We are working together to pursue a common goal.,Collocation:,in the pursuit of,Detailed reading,e.g.,She showed steadiness and courage in the pursuit of her aims.,Derivation:,pursuit n.,issue vt. to provide sb. with the things they need for a particular action,Detailed reading1 issue,e.g.,The police in Britain are not usually issued with guns.Visitors are issued with identity cards to wear inside the factory.,Detailed reading,Derivation:,issue n.,Collocation:,issue sth. (to sb.) 将某物发给、供给或分配给某人使用,e.g.,The office will be issuing permits on Tuesday and Thursday mornings.,Detailed reading1 It may be we are issued 1,Detailed reading,It may be we are issued a hunting license but offered no game.,Explanation:,It may be we are given the right of pursuing happiness but we dont know where it is, because maybe there is no happiness as such at all. Note “game” originally refers to a wild animal or bird hunted for sport. Here it is a metaphor for what is being pursued, i.e. happiness. It is roughly equivalent to “false goals” at the end of this paragraph.,Detailed reading1 It may be we are issued 2,Detailed reading,它可能就像：授予了你打猎的许可证却不给你提供打猎的机会。,Paraphrase:,It may be that you have received the license for hunting but you dont have the chance to hunt.,Translation:,Detailed reading1- It is,Detailed reading,It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves.,Explanation:,As Swift was not an American, his idea of happiness with regard to “fools and knaves” is certainly different from its American interpretation. The following two sentences tell us what the author thinks is Americans idea of happiness.,当然，要是你用斯威夫特的观点来考虑傻瓜和骗子，你就不像是美国人了。,Translation:,Detailed reading1 We shall all have,Detailed reading,We shall all have made it to Heaven when we possess enough.,Explanation:,“Make it” is an informal expression that means “succeed in moving to a certain place.”,当我们拥有的财产足够多的时候，我们将到达天堂。,Translation:,Detailed reading1 deliberately,Detailed reading,deliberately ad. with a definite intention, not by chance or by accident,e.g.,He deliberately left his book in her dorm so that he could have an excuse to come back and see her again.The anti-government groups deliberately stirred up trouble, inducing their supporters to riot.,Derivation:,deliberate a.,Synonym:,intentionally, on purpose, purposely,Antonym:,accidentally,The poet lay down and gazed at the bright moon, missing his hometown.,Detailed reading1 patriotism,e.g.,Detailed reading,patriotism n. strong feelings of love, respect, and duty towards your country,e.g.,The Chinese people demonstrated great patriotism in combating the earthquake that struck Sichuan Province in May 2008.,Derivation:,patriotic a.patriotically ad.,Detailed reading1 release 1,D