英语句子成分及基本结构ppt课件.pptx
英语句子成分及基本结构,（一）句子成分的定义,构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分有主语和谓语； 次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语。,（二）句子的具体成分,1)主语(subject)它是句子所要说明的人或事物，是一句的主体，一般位于句首。如I study English(我学习英语)中的 。,I,主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物,Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（名词化的形容词,（句子）,找出句中主语,The sun rises in the east. Twenty years is a short time in history. The poor are now living in the shelter. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. He likes dancing.What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（动名词）,（不定式）,（句子）,(名词化的形容词）,（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,谓语(predicate),谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。如I study English中的 。动词或动词词组在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。,study,谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征,简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesnt seem to like dancing,表语(predicative),3)表语(predicative)它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身分或特征的，如I am a student(我是一个学生)中的 ；Our classroom is clean(我们的教室很干净)中的 。,student,clean,系动词,1）状态系动词（be动词） 例如： He is a teacher. （is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） 2）持续系动词 keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。3）表像系动词 seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。,4）感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。注意：系动词不用于被动语态.5）变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如： He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。6）终止系动词 prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。,宾语(object),宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后 面。如I study English中的 。They like listening to music.(他们喜欢听音乐)中的 。,English,music,Show your passport, please. She didnt say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said?,（名词 ）,( 代词）,(数词),(名词化的形容词),(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,定语(attributive),修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。如He likes to drink cold milk(他喜欢喝冷牛奶)中的 。,cold,（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句,He is a clever boy.His father works in a steel work.There are 47 students in our class.Do you known bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.His spoken language is good.,(形容词),(名词),(数词),(名词的所有格),(动名词),(过去分词),定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?（定语从句）,状语(adverbial),修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等充当词类：副词，介词短语或句子,（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。,I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that he missed the train.,I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.,宾语补足语(complement of object),补充说明宾语的动作或状态。 宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。,I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.,（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.,She asked me to lend her a hand.,同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况,We young people should respect the old.He himself will do the experiment.He is the oldest among them four.He told me the news that our team won the game.,名词,代词,数词,从句,名词,代词,数词,从句,I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,简单句的五种基本句型,1.主语+不及物动词：( S V),她来了。铃声响了。,2主语+系动词+表语(SVC),他是个学生。He is a student.他的脸变红了。 His face turned red.苹果尝起来很甜。 The apple tastes sweet.士兵保持静止不动。 The soldier keeps still.,3.主语+及物动词+宾语(SVO）,Mike 吃了三个苹果。她画了一幅漂亮的画。She drew a beautiful picture.,Mike ate three apples.,常带双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的动词（分为A、B两类） A：动词后加to give给 show给看 send寄，打电报 bring带 read读 pass递给 lend借给 leave留给,hand交给 tell告诉 return把还给 write给写信 throw扔,4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）(SVIOO)(SVOiO),B：动词后加for make生产，制造 buy买 do做 get得到 play演奏 order命令 sing唱歌 pay为交钱,e.g. 我父亲给我买了一本书。My father bought me a book.My father bought a book for me 他给了我一个苹果。 He gave me an apple.He gave an apple to me,5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）(SVOC),Tom made the baby laugh. We made him our monitor. I cant make myself understood. We want to have the desk repaired.,practice,分析句子结构1.They work hard.2.The flower is dead.3.Plants need water.4.He gives me some seeds.5.We should keep the plants in the shade.6.Many animals live in trees.,7.He gave a dictionary to me. 8.Shall I leave you the camera? 9. We find the book very interesting. 10.My uncle bought me an e-dictionary. 11.Singing makes me happy.,1.They work hard. 2.The flower is dead. 3.Plants need water. 4.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 谓,主 + 谓,主 + 系 + 表,主 + 谓 + 宾,7.He kept me a dictionary. 主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语8.Shall I leave you the camera? 主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语9. We find the book very interesting. 主+谓+宾+宾补10.My uncle bought me an e-dictionary. 主+谓+间接宾语+直宾11.Singing makes me happy. 主+谓+宾+宾补,
