英语人教版八年级下册unit9语法聚焦ppt课件.ppt
Winter has already come，will it still be far in spring ?,冬天已经来了，春天还会远吗？,Present Perfect Tense 现在完成时,主语 + have/ has + 过去分词（pp）,助动词表示“有”,现在完成时的结构,Winter has already come，,will it still be far in spring ?,Mother: Dear son, clean your teeth please.,Son: Mum, I have already(已经) cleaned them.,Mother: Dear, tell your father to have breakfast please.,Son: Mum, dad has had breakfast .,Father: Tell your mother to buy some milk, son.,Son: Oh, she has just(刚刚) bought some.,Mother: Dear , you must clean our house today?,Father: Honey, we have just(刚刚) cleaned our house.,主语 + have/ has + 过去分词（pp）,否定形式 havent ( have not ） +过去分词 hasnt ( has not ) +过去分词,疑问句 把助动词 have / has 放在句首,现在完成时的结构,注：主语若是第三人称单数助动词用 has,You have planted all the trees.I have planted all the trees.He/she has planted all the trees.They have planted all the trees.,区别have 和 has的用法,主语若是第三人称单数助动词用 has,1、规则变化（过去分词与过去时变化规则一样）,(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked visit-visited-visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived,过去分词,(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为 “i”， 再加“ ed ”。 ， study-studied-studied cry-cried-cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母， 先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped drop-dropped-dropped,2、不规则变化（过去分词与不规则动词的过去式形式一样）,havehadhad spend spentspent makemademaden saysaidsaid findfoundfound hearheardheard,3、不规则变化（过去分词与过去式形式不一样）,taketooktaken speak spokespoken singsangsung drivedrovedriven bewas/werebeen gowentgone,4、不规则变化（过去分词，过去式与动词原形一样）,cutcutcutput putput letletletreadreadread,1) 表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。Now we have planted all the trees.He has just come back. They have built many buildings in this city.,现在完成时的用法,2) 表示过去发生的动作,强调结果或对现在的影响。Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的)I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙)I havent read that book yet . (不了解书的内容)I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的),常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用.,already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 常用于否定句,疑问句尾.,3) 表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，常与包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since he was born . Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years?,常与for, since引导的时间短语或从句连用.,for+ 时间段 since+时间点 , since+ 句子,注：并非所有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时,I worked here for more than twenty years.(我现在已经不在这里工作了)I have worked here for more than twenty years.（现在我仍在这里工作）,since: (自以来)1)since+时间点Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+ 时间段+ agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+ 从句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere. for: (长达）for+ 时间段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.,since , for 的用法:,用for 或since填空,Mr. Brown has had his TV _ 15 years. Ive taken driving lessons _last month. My sister has had her cell phone _a month . My friends havent visited me _my birthday. We havent used our car _ a long time . She hasnt had a good cup of coffee _years. Tom has worn glasses _he was 7 years old.,for,since,for,since,for,for,since,注意: 瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.,method 1:,动作,die,be over,leave,borrow/buy,arrive,begin,end/finish,join,marry,keep/had,be away,be here,be on(上演）,be married,be in,be dead,他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 Nick 参军3年了. 他离开深圳好长时间了。 这本书我已借了4个月了.,His grandpa has been dead for 2 years.,Nick has been in the army for 3 years.,He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time.,I have kept the book for 4 months.,method 2:,It is + 时间段 since + 一般过去时的句子.,他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 Nick 参军3年了. 他离开深圳好长时间了。 这本书我已借了4个月了.,It is 2 years since his grandpa died.,It is 3 years since Nick joined the army.,It is a long time since he left Shenzhen.,It is 4 months since I borrowed the book .,辨析 have been to和 have gone to,My father has gone to Shanghai for a meeting.他（已经）去了上海。,My father has been to Shanghai for a meeting.他（曾经）去了上海。,She has been to China . 她（曾经）去过中国。（人已经回来了）,have been to someplace. 曾经去过某地，已经回来has gone to someplace.某人去了某地，还没有回来,She has gone to China last week.上周她去了上海 。（人可能回来了也可能没回来）,用have/has been to, have/has gone to填空：1.Where is your brother? He _ the shop. Hell be back soon.2. _ you ever _ to America? Yes, I _ New York twice.3. Here you are at last! Where _ you _? I _ London.4. David _Australia. Im sure hes already arrived.5. Is Benny here? No, he _ the school library. He left five minutes ago.,has gone to,Have been to,have been to,have been,have been to,has gone to,has gone to,THE END,
