英语主谓一致语法ppt课件.ppt

主谓一致,主语不同，谓语动词的形式就会不同，谓语动词的人称和数随着主语的人称和数的变化而变化，这就是我们所说的主谓一致。英语的主谓一致大致可以分为两类，一类是语法上一致，一类是意义上一致。,语法主谓一致指如果主语形式上是复数形式，其谓语动词也是复数形式；主语是第三人称单数形式，谓语动词也是单数第三人称形式。如：He is a student.They students.,语法主谓一致,are,在语法主谓一致中要注意以下几种情况：1）并列结构作主语时，谓语用复数形式，如：Reading and writing are very important.John and Jim friends.,are,当主语由and连接时，如果表示单一的概念，即同一个人或物时，谓语用单数，and此时两个词前只有一个冠词，表示一人兼两职。,The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.The teacher and writer going to Deqing.,is,当主语是一本书名或一条格言时，谓语用单数。The Scarlet Letter is a good book.,2）either, each, every, no,some,any+单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，如：Each of us has got a new book.我们每个人都有一本新书。No student this kind of computer games.没有一个学生喜欢这款游戏。,likes,注意：当none of作主语时，如果其后的名词是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词，谓语动词可以用单数形式，也可以用复数形式。如：None of the water was left.None of the students has/ have ever been to the island.,意义主谓一致指谓语动词的形式变化不是视主语的形式如何，而是视其所指为单数还是复数。在意义主谓一致中有以下几点要注意：,意义主谓一致,1）表示金钱、时间、距离等的名词按单数对待，如：Two thousand dollars is the cost of the course.Four kilometres is not very far.Eight hours is really a very long time.因为不论多少钱都可以算作一笔钱，多远的距离都可以视为一段距离，多长的时间都可以看作一段时间。,2）集体名词一般按单数对待，但如果强调其成员可以视为复数，如：His family is not very large.The whole family were music lovers.同种用法的集体名词family,audience,crew,crowd,committee,group, class, population等。但是police, people, cattle 作主语时， 谓语动词却都要用复数形式。如：The police havent caught the thief yet.,3）在 “some/the rest of+名词”的结构中，要视名词所指而定。作主语的如果是some/the rest of接名词，一般要看其后名词是可数还是不可数，是单数还是复数。如果是复数形式，那么谓语动词也要用复数形式；如果是单数，那么谓语动词也要用单数形式。类似的词语还有half of,part of,most of,a portion of后接名词作主语时。,如：Some of the summer camps in the countryside or on lakes. A is B are其中 一些夏令营扎在乡村或湖上。The rest of the money given to him.剩下的钱都给了他。 A was B were,B,A,指代意义决定谓语单复数,在代词what、which、who、some、more、any、most、all后的动词尤其指代的词的单复数去决定。All is right.一切顺利。All are present.所有人都到齐了。,Many a+n单数+V单Many a person has read the novel. More than one +n单数+V单More than one teacher gets the flowers.One and a half+N 谓语用复数One and a half apples are on the table.,但由more than of作主语时，谓语与其后的n&pron保持一致。,1）there be 句型中的就近原则虽然在there be 句型中there具有语法主语的功能，但是主谓一致却常常是视后面的名词而定。如：There are many things to do in Los Angeles.There is little water left in the cup.,特殊句型中的主谓一致,2）定语从句中的主谓一致当定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的形式是根据先行词而定的。如：He is a player who music.,A like B likes,B,如：Every day we have activities which take place after class. which指的是activities,因此，谓语动词用复数形式。(2) I have got some news of the boy who plays the guitar on the left. who指the boy，因此，谓语动词也 要用单数形式。,3）由eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also连接的两个词作主语时，根据就近原则，谓语动词的形式以邻近的主语的数而定。 如： Either Bob or I watching the 17th World Cup now,当主语后面有as well as,rather than,together with,but,like,except时，谓语与最前面的主语保持一致。My father as well as his workmates has been to Guangzhou.,each做主语同位语时，谓语由主语决定，与each无关。They each have a bike.,1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words.,1 One of my best friends_ (have) moved to America.2 The student, with the host family, _(be) invited to a welcome party when he arrived at the city.3 In summer, my family always_ (eat) lunch in the park.,has,was,eats,4 At the moment, the whole class _(enjoy) sightseeing trips in the city.5 The government_ (be) trying to protect the environment. 6 My study group_ (want) to have pen friends. 7 My fathers company_ (be) paying for summer courses for our class.,is/ are enjoying,is,want,is,8 Our team_ (have) organized a match against a visiting school.9 Six weeks_ (be) a long time to be away from home. 10 The police_ (be) hoping therell be no trouble at the concert.,has,is,are,Exercise,高考练兵,1. No news _ good news. I think hell be back soon. A. isB. areC. wasD. were2. Maths _ my favourite subject. A. are B. is C. amD. be,高考练兵,3. Half of the class _ most of the work. Some of the work_ really difficult. A. have done, is B. has done, are C. has done, is D. have done, are4. In our class _ of the students _girls. A. three fifth, are B. three fifths, are C. third fifth, is D. three fifths, is,高考练兵,5. Both Kate and I _ ready for the picnic now. A. is not B. am getting C. are gettingD. is getting6. Are there any fish in the lake now? No. _ any water in it in winter. A. There isnt B. There arent C. It isnt D. They arent,7. Dont worry, Mum! No news _ good news. Im sure Daddy will come back very soon. A. isB. areC. wereD. was8. A pair of new shoes _ given to me as a present by my father. A. will B. has C. isD. are,高考练兵,高考练兵,9. Twenty minutes _ not enough for you to finish it. A. were B. has C. are D. is10. There _ an apple and some oranges on the table. A. is B. are C. has D. have,