高三定语从句复习ppt课件.ppt

定 语 从 句,The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.,先行词,放置于名词之_，修饰名词的从句,关系词,连接作用,1.,2.,在从句中充当成分,后,关系词,1.,关系代词,2.,关系副词,1.,指人,2.,指物,3.,指某一情况,that,who,whom,whose,that,which,whose,which,as,不能放于句首,放于句中或句首,“正如”,when,where,why,(主语/宾语),(状语),1、_ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.（04江苏） A. Which B. When C. What D. As 2、John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true. （01北京春季） Ahe Bthis Cwhich Dwho,考点一：关系代词: as,D,C,1. 非限制性定语从句一般采用 which 或 as 来引导。使用这两个词时要注意两点： （1）as 引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which 引导的从句只能放在主句之后。（2）从意义上讲，which 指前面主句的内容；而 as 指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成“就象那样、正如所的”。,the same as / such as 的使用问题当先行词被 the same 所修饰时，关系词既可以用 as，也可以用 that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用 as，表示同一事物多用 that。如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. 这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。 This is the same instrument as I used yesterday. 这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。,在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用：I have the same opinion as / that you have.,such as 与such thatHe is such a good teacher _ we all love and respect.A that B. as C. who D. so,B,他是那样一位好老师，我们大家都热爱和尊敬他。,他是一位我们大家都热爱和尊敬的好老师。,比较：He is such a good teacher that we all love and respect him.,定语从句,状语从句,1. It is such an interesting book _ we all want to read twice.2. It is such an interesting book_ we all want to read it twice.3.I have never heard such stories _ he tells. A. as B. that C. which D. what,as,A,that,考点二：分析有无先行词,巧解定语从句试题先行词是被定语从句所修饰的中心名词,没有它的存在,定语从句就不能成立。,例1: He made another wonderful discovery ,_of great importance to science.A. which I think isB. which I think it is C. which I think itD. I think which is,A,因为定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的词,故B、C为错误选项,另外关系代词应紧接在先行词后面,所以插入语I think应放在关系代词后面。,例2: Is this factory_ you visited yesterday?A. which B. that C. where D. the one,D,不少同学可能会将factory作为先行词而误选A或B,其实将该句还原成陈述句：This factory is_ you visited yesterday.时,可以清楚地发现该定语从句缺少在从句中作宾语的先行词,所以应填the one。,分析语境含义及句子结构可知,该空缺少先行词和在定语从句中作主语的关系代词,所以应填those who。,例3: The students in our class study harder than _are in their class.A. who B. those who C. thatD. which,B,考点三：有时先行词含义较为抽象,较难看出其属性,应多加思索并认真分析后才能正确解题。,例1: Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A. where B. which C. while D. why,例2: I can think of many cases _students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.A. whyB. which C. as D. where,例3: Her illness will not develop to the point_ no medicine can cure her.A. whereB. which C. thatD. as,考点四： whose指物时可与of which等互换，但应注意与冠词的位置关系。如：,This is the book,the cover of whichwhose cover,is blue.,1) Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from_effects the people are still suffering. （05天津卷） A. that B. whose C. those D. what2) George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. (04北京） A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name,B,D,“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如题2），又能作宾语（如题1）。whose 的先行词常用来指人（如题2），但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念（如题1），这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which” 。题1可变为：from the effects of which ,考点五：关系代词和关系副词的比较,1、Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago? （05北京春季） A. where B. when C. that D. what 2、There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. （04全国II） A. whereB. which C. when D. that,C,A,当先行词是表时间的 time, day 等和表地点的 place, house 等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构。如果缺少主语或宾语，关系词应该用 which 或 that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用 when 或 where。题1中的 farm 作 visited 的宾语，故选C；题2中的 trousers 作 wiped 的地点状语，故选A。,考点六：介词加关系代词引导定语从句,1、The place _the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (05江苏卷) A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which 2、He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. （05山东卷） A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this,C,C,介词加关系代词引导定语从句是近几年高考中的热点，复习中需注意以下几个问题：,关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用 whom 指人，which 指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：Do you know the boy to whom she was talking? Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?The pencil (which / that) he was writing with suddenly broke.,解题思路,1. 通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型，如强调句型。,4. 将选项代入句子，看前后是否语意贯通。,2. 题干若是疑问句，首先把它恢复为正常语序。,3.观察设空的前前后后，确地定从句的性质，回忆相关从句的用法特点。从中作出取舍。,