[英语学习]高二英语语法总复习——定语从句ppt课件.ppt

The Attributive Clause 定语从句中应注意的几个问题,修饰名词和代词的成分,定语:,a beautiful flower,a tall boy,beautiful,tall,定语从句：,复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句,This is the best film that I have seen.,定语从句,the best film,先行词,that,关系词,概念：,This is the best film that I have seen.,关系词,引导定语从句,代替先行词,在从句中担当一个成分,关系词的作用,1）,2）,3）,Beijing is the city that / which has got the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games.,Beijing,the city,get the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games.,引导定语从句的关系词,关系代词（什么成分）who，whom，that，as ,which,whose，关系副词（什么成分） 指地点 where 指时间 when 指原因 why,the usage of the relative pronoun,who,whom,which,that,whose,the usage of the relative adverb,when,where,why,time,place,reason,adverbial,adverbial,adverbial,定语从句,The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句,用法有何不同？The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句,起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。,起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。,修饰先行词,修饰先行词 / 整个句子,无逗号隔开,有逗号与主句隔开,有that,无that,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,作宾语时可以省略,不可以省略,Correct mistakes,1.Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from class two.2. Is this room which you live in? 3. This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.4. I,who is your teacher,will try my best to help you. 5. Anyone leaves last should close the door.6.In some country,which is rich in oil.7.Is this the watch you had it repaired yesterday?8.You can only be sure of that you have at present. 9. The news which he won the game came.10.He is such a clever boy as we all like him.,概念不清导致错误有哪些？,考点一:定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。1.I am not one who _afraid of difficulty2.Don t choose me, who _not fit for this job,is,am,3. This is one of the best books _. A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written D. that have written4. She is not the only one of the girls _ well in class. A. which sings B. who sing C. who sings D. who to sing,考点二：先行词为物关系代词 that和 which,1.All _ can be done has been done.2.Do you have anything _ you dont understand ?,that,that,先行词是all ,everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that,Ive read all the books _ you lent me.,that,先行词被any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all, very, only, last 修饰时,引导定语从句用that 。,1.This is the best TV _ is made in China.2.The first museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum.,that,that,先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。,1.The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.2.A victim is a person, animal or thing _ suffers pain, death, harm, etc.,that,that,先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that .,1.Which _ you have ever seen is better than this ?2.Who _ you are talking to is the young fellow ?,that,that,Who which做先行词时，引导定语从句用that,1.Yesterday I bought a dictionary,_ cost me more than 100 Yuan .,which,在非限制性定语句中，指物用which，指人用who whom,1. 先行词为all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词,2.先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等修饰时。,3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级(the best), the last, the very, the only 等时。,4. 先行词为人和物的组合5.若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者 which，为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用 who, which，而用 that。6当关系代词在丛句中作表语时，常用that.,只用that的情况:,Your disease is not the case that it used to be.（7）.当定语从句为there be句型时，关系代词只能是that,经常可以省略。I know the difference that there is between you.,1. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. A.which B that C this D.it,只用which的情况:1,逗号后面 2,介词后面,2. The day _ he was born was Aug .20 ,1952.A.on which B.that C.which D.this,宜用which而不用that的情况 （1）在非限制性定语从句中 （2）在关系词前有介词时 （3）当先行词本身是that时 （4）当关系词离先行词较远时,Anyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.,在anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行词时, 用”who” 代替 “that”.,考点三: that 与who的区别,who,who,who,6.先行词是人时只宜用who不宜用that的情况：1）当先行词是one, ones, anybody, anyone, all, none, those 等, 指人时一般用who，不用that. Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.,2）在 there be 开头的句子中 There is a comrade who wants to see you.3) 在非限制性定语从句中 On the second floor, there lived a young man, who was a artist.,1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。（2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。,考点四 易错的whose,表示所属关系,1.The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.,whose,2.There are in this class 20 students, _ are different.A.whose backgrounds B. The backgrounds of whomC.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of whose,Whose 用法及转换形式,1. whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。Thats the child whose father is a teacher.,Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?This is a book whose cover is green.,2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。,3. whose+n, 可用of which/whom代替, 但词序不同，即whose+名词=the +n + of which =of which + the + n.,He lives in the room whose window faces south.,= He lives in the room, faces south.,= He lives in the room, faces south.,the window of which,of which the window,考点五:关系代词与关系副词如何辨别？,when, where,why和that, which,这主要看两点：一是定语从句是否完整（即充当什么句子成分）；二是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。,1 关系副词when,It was an exciting moment for these people this year, _ for the first time their team won the World Cup. A. that B. while C. which D. when,D,先行词是表示时间的名词，用when引导定语从句，在从句作状语。,注意：,若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。,Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.Ill never forget the time _ I spent on campus.Ill never forget the time _ was spent with you.,when,whichthat,whichthat,2关系副词where,After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when,B,先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点意义的抽象名词，用引导定语从句,在从句做状语,常见几个抽象地点名词，如 case,scene,stage,situation,condition,point 等作先行词，且定语从句中缺少状语时常用where引导。Life is like a long race -we compete with others to go beyond ourseleves.生活就像一次长跑，我们不断和别人竞争以超越自己。,注意 1,若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。,The library _ students often study was on fire last night.The library, _ was built in the 1930s,needs repairing.The library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.,where,which,which,我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。,Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.,国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。,The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.,解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。,抽象的地点有：,1.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. （06山东） A. which B. that C. where D. when2. -Do you have anything to say for yourself? -Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on . （06江西） A. why B. where C. how D. /,高考题链接：,注意 2,where=in which?,Where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。,When you read books ,you had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions.When you read books , you had better make a mark where you have any questions.,先行词是表示原因的名词reason ，用why引导定语从句时Why在从句中作状语。,This is the reason why ( = for which ) I didnt come here.,但是也要注意：不是每句都能这样。The reason _ she gave was not true.,whichthat,3.关系副词Why,如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词?,选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.先行词2.关系词在从句中充当的成分。,做主语，宾语，表语，定语用,做状语用,关系代词,关系副词,做题技巧?,填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.,that/ which/不填,that/in which/不填,缺状语,缺宾语,考点六：the way用做先行词,the way 做先行词时,先看后面定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语:,缺少主语或宾语:,引导词用that / which / 不填(缺宾语时),主语宾语都不缺:,引导词用that / in which / 不填,This is the same book as I lost.This is the same book that I lost.,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,考点七:as与which(1) As 引导的限制性定语从句,As 引导的限制性定语从句,This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.,as,that,as,that,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。,这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。,定语从句,结果状语从句,模拟训练 ：,1. He is such a lazy man_ nobody wants to work with_. A. as; him B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him2. Mrs. Black took the police back to_ place _ she witnessed the robbery. A. the same; as B. the same; where C. the same ; that D. as the same; as,as 指代一句话和which 指代一句话的用法区别当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；当两句语义不一致或从句为否定时，用which。 He made a long speech, _ was expected. He made a long speech, _was unexpected. Tom drinks a lot every day, _ his wife doesnt like at all.,as,which,which,(2)：as与which引导的非限制性定语从句,as正如，与之搭配的一般是心理认知的动词1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.2. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。e.g.She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.,as, which 非限定性定语从句 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.,Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. whichD. heIt rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.A. thatB. whichC. as D. it,as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1) as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思(2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。, 当as作主语时，后面常接下列句型： 1as has been said before 如上所述 2as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样 3as is well known 众所周知 4as was expected 正如预料的那样 5as has been already pointed out 正如已经指出的那样 6as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的,(3) 注意：,The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all, the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.,as,As,It,主语从句,考点八：介词+关系词,介词+关系代词的情况 1,The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.,to,in,介词+关系代词的情况 2,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词+关系代词的情况 3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词+关系代词的情况 3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词+关系代词的情况 3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后,介词+关系代词的情况 3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词+关系代词的情况 4,Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better .,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,1. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book she paid $10?3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? 5. He built a telescope he could study the skies.6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher.7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River.8. The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill.9. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.,on which,for which,from which,about which,through which,under which,of which,from which,to whom,of which,介词+关系代词的情况 练习,介词+关系代词,提醒: 介词关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键 是判断介词的选择.方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系,注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which 或 whom; 不可用that 或who 代替,但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置,Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for ?,注意：介词+关系代词在非限制性定语从句中,要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词序数词，分数，百分数，不定代词，介词短语 .+ of + 关系代词”的结构，e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.,1（1）There are two boys in Peters， both of _ are white （2）There are two boys in Peters， and both of _ are white,2（1）This kind of plant grows best at the places _ are warm and wet （2）This kind of plant grows best _ it is warm and wet,定从一些常见句子,which/that,where,whom,them,3 (1) Is this museum _ you visited the other day?(2) Is this the museum _you visited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one,D,A,4（1）John is one of the students who _ English （2）John is the only one of the students who_ English （3）One of the students _ English。,know,knows,knows,1. It is the young man _ looked for _ caught the murderer. A.that who B. that they C . they that D theywhich2. Is this factory _ we visited last year? A. where B in which C. the one D at which3. The book, the cover _ is broken, is not mine. A. of it B for C whose D of which,5(1).It is the library_I borrowed the book. ( )(2).It is from this library_I borrowed the book. ( ),where,定语从句,that,强调句型,It is the same dress as I lost. It is the same dress that I lost .It is such a nice book as I like.It is such a nice book that I like it very much.（注意意思的区别）,难点：,Make sentences:In whose departmentWith whose helpCharlie Chaplin,for life was hard in the childhood,became a famous actor.,wherethat1.This is the library_I borrowed the book.2.It is from this library_I borrowed the book.,where,定语从句,that,强调句型,一：定语从句与强调句区别和混合,3. -Where did you last see Mr. Smith? -It was in the hotel_ I lived. A. that B. which C. where D. when,考点九：综合考查,近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。,友情提示,试比较： It is the house _I met the young man. It was in the house _I met the young man.,where,(where 引导定语从句，修饰house，where在定语从句中作地点状语),that,(本句为强调结构，可还原为I met the young man in the house.),1 定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“的（名词）”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。that在定语从句中作成分，可用which 或who/whom代替；而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较：, We all have heard the news _ our team won. We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday.,that,(同位语从句，that从句表示news的内容，that 在从句中不作任何成分),that/which,(定语从句，that 作told 的宾语),二：定语从句与同位语从句,1. We all have heard the news_ our team won.2. We dont believe in the news _ he told us yesterday.,that,that/which/,三：定语从句与表语从句,The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （05 江苏） A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which,that/which,四： 定语从句与主语从句,五： 定语从句与并列句, He is such a good teacher _we all like him.3 定语从句与主语从句。试比较：_is known to us all, paper was first made in China._is known to us all that paper was first made in China.,that,(that引导结果状语从句,suchthat “如此以致”,As,(as 引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首),It,(it 做形式主语，代替that 引导的主语从句),定语从句与状语从句。试比较： He left the key_ he had been an hour before. He left the place _he lived for many years. He is such a good teacher _all of us love and respect.,where,(where引导地点状语从句，相当于in the place where),where,(where 引导定语从句，修饰the place),as,(as 引导定语从句),六 定语从句与 状语从句,区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句：,When you read books ,you had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions.When you read books , you had better make a mark where you have any questions.,状语从句,定语从句,七：定语从句与结果状语,八.疑问句中考查定语从句eg: Is this the farm_ you visited last week? A. where B. the one C. on which D./【友情提示】最好的解决方法:还原法. 先把疑问句还原成陈述句,然后判断谁是先行词,再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分.,小试牛刀:,1. Is this the hotel _ he stayed last year? A. the one B. that C. where D. which2. Is this hotel _ he stayed last year? A. the one where B. that C. the one D. which,C,A,九. 倒装句中考查定语从句eg: We came to a place, _ stood a big tower. A. which B. that C./ D. where 【友情提示】对于使用倒装语序的定语从句,应先把倒装语序还原成正常的语序.,小试牛刀:,1.Look ,they are climbing up a mountain, _top stands a temple. A. which B. where C. on whose D. on which2.When I came in that evening, the door of cocks sitting room was open, _ cheers and te