希腊神话英文课件.ppt

,西语 5班 任雯烁,By Edison,The Greek Mythology,“Greece is every Western mans second nature.”,Greek Mythology is a group of traditional tales told by the ancient Greeksabout the deeds of gods, heroes and their relations with human beings. 希腊神话讲了很多古希腊的故事，有神、英雄的故事以及他们和普通人类之间的关系。 The Greek mythology is an important part of the ancient culture which has vast and deep influence on the whole western culture. 希腊神话是古文化重要的一部分，与整个西方文化有着广泛而又紧密的联系。 Its great influence upon the English language and literature is beyond description. A great number of words and idioms in the English laguage come from the Greek mythology. 它在英语和文学作品方面的巨大影响力是无法形容的。英语中的很多单词和语言表达方式都是来自希腊神话。,In the beginning, the universe is a cosmos evolving from Chaos. Chaos and Gaea (the earth) generate everything that exists, including seas, mountains, gods and monsters. Then Gaeas mating with her son Uranus （the sky), which produces 12 Titans with Gronus as their leader. 宇宙之初，只有卡俄斯（即“混沌”)。卡俄斯和盖亚创造了大海、大山、神还有妖怪，并赋予他们生命。后来盖亚与她的儿子乌拉诺斯结婚，由此产生了以克罗诺斯为首的12泰坦。,The eternal mythology,The Olympian Gods between Macedon and Thessaly of eastern Greece there stood a high mountain. its cloudy top rushed into the very heavens.on the top of the mountain ， the home of the gods was bathed in brightness.传说，风中有个遥远的国度，在马其顿和希腊东部的色萨利之间矗立着一座神圣高山，大雾弥漫的山顶直插云霄。仙境般山顶上，众神们的乐园沐浴在神圣光辉之中，时间在这里静止，世上万物都听从这里的指命。,Advised by his mother, Grouns beats Uranus, severs the link between sky and earth, and becomes the new king of the cosmos. Gronus copulates with his sister, Rhea to bring about Zeus and siblings, the future of older Olympians. 克罗诺斯在他母亲的建议和帮助下打败了他的父亲乌拉诺斯，分开了天地间的连接，成为了宇宙的新首领。克罗诺斯与他的姐姐瑞亚结婚，诞生了宙斯以及他的兄弟姐妹，翻开了古奥林匹亚崭新的一页。,Advised by his mother, Grouns beats Uranus, severs the link between sky and earth, and becomes the new king of the cosmos. Gronus copulates with his sister, Rhea to bring about Zeus and siblings, the future of older Olympians. 克罗诺斯在他母亲的建议和帮助下打败了他的父亲乌拉诺斯，分开了天地间的连接，成为了宇宙的新首领。克罗诺斯与他的姐姐瑞亚结婚，诞生了宙斯以及他的兄弟姐妹，翻开了古奥林匹亚崭新的一页。,The ancient Greeks worshiped many gods. Greek gods can be divided into several groups.The earliest group was Titans , led by Cronus . The most powerful group was the Olympians . The Olympians are a group of gods who ruled after the overthrow of the Titans. All the Olympians are related in some way . They are named after their dwelling（住宅,住所）place Mount Olympus.,古希腊崇拜很多神, 古希腊的神被分为几组, 最古老一组的被称为泰坦 , 由克罗诺斯领导。最强大的一组被称为奥林匹斯山神。奥林匹斯山神由个神组成 ，他们颠覆了泰坦时期的规律。所有的奥林匹斯山神在某个方面都有着或多或少的联系。他们的名字来自于他们居住的奥林匹斯山。,the Titans（十二泰坦）,Cronus(克罗诺斯) : 天空之神。Rhea(瑞亚) : 时光女神。Oceanus(俄刻阿诺斯) : 水之神。Tethys(泰西斯) : 沧海女神。俄刻阿诺斯之妻。 Crius(克瑞斯) : 生长之神。Lapetus (伊阿佩托斯) : 灵魂之神 。阿忒拉斯、普罗米修斯、厄庇米 修斯和墨诺提俄斯之父。Phoebe(福柏) : 月之女神。月之女神勒托与阿斯特瑞亚之母。Coeus (科俄斯) : 智力之神。Themis (忒弥斯) : 秩序和正义女神。宙斯第二位妻子,时序三女神母 。Mnemosyne(谟涅摩叙涅) : 记忆之神。宙斯第五位妻子,九缪斯之母 。Hyperion(许配利翁) : 光之神Thea(忒亚) : 许配利翁之妻。,the Gods（十二主神）,Zeus(宙斯): the god of the sky. Hera(赫拉): the goddess of marriage and childbirth.Poseidon(波塞冬): the god of the sea,protector. Hades(哈迪斯): the god the dead andwealth.Hestia(赫斯提亚): the goddess of the Hearth(灶台).Ares(阿瑞斯): the god of war.Hermes(赫尔墨斯): the god of thieves and commerce. Hephaestus(赫斯菲托斯): the god of fire and the forge(熔炉). Apollo(阿波罗): the god of light.Artemis(阿尔忒弥斯): the goddess of chastity,virginity,the hunt, the moon,and the natural environment. Athena(雅典娜): the Greek virgin goddess of reason, intelligent activity,arts and literature.Aphrodite(阿弗洛狄德): the goddess of love,desire and beauty.,All the chief gods mentioned above took human forms of incomparable beauty and grace， often moved by human feelings and desires，they frequently gave way to anger and jealousy.they became involved in ceaseless battles with the world of man. among themselves at olympus they plotted and struggled for power.in the human world they experienced competitions and difficulties.they enjoyed earthly friendships and loves.acrowd of everlasting gods looked and acted in a perfectly human fashion that is what all gods at olympus actually were.天神们的美丽与魅力无可匹敌。因常受到凡人情感与愿望的感染，他们不时地勃然大怒，妒嫉别人。他们卷入与人类世界无休止的争斗中。在奥林波斯，他们之间也充满了阴谋与权力之争。在凡人的世界里，他们经历了敌对与挫折。他们珍惜人间的爱与友善。这群长生不老的天神们的外表与行为完全符合人间的方式。,Paintings,Sculpture,cartoon,Zeus (Jupiter)The king of the gods, the ruler of Mount Olympus and the god of the sky, weather, thunder, law, order and fate. He is the youngest son ofCronusandRhea, whom he overthrew, and brother-husband toHera. In artwork, he was depicted as a regal（庄严的）, mature（稳重的） man with a sturdy（健壮的） figure and dark beard. His usual attributes are the royal sceptre（王位） and the lightning bolt, and his sacred animal is the eagle.神话中宙斯威严神圣，却又会怕老婆，公正英明，却又有点小心眼爱记仇，疼惜子女，却又喜欢处处留情，遍地撒种 。其人物形象非常生动性格丰满充满人性的矛盾与无奈。,Hera(Juno), A proud and green-eyed （嫉妒的）woman. Queen of marriage, women, childbirth, heirs, kings and empires. She is daughter of Cronusand Rhea，Zeuss sister.She was usually depicted as a beautiful woman wearing a crown and veil (面纱)and holding a royal, lotus-tipped staff（权杖）. Her sacred animals are the heifer（小母牛）, the lion, the peacock（孔雀） and the cuckoo（杜鹃）. 天后的善妒众神皆知，高贵的出身，尊贵的地位，宙斯的今天又都是她一手帮助得来的，让赫拉更加目空一切，骄傲刁蛮，对付情敌的手段更是异常狠辣。,Poseidon (Neptune)was ruler of the sea. rivers, floods, droughts, earthquakes and horses; known as the “Earth Shaker” or “Storm Bringer”. He is a brother to ZeusandHades. In classical artwork he was depicted as a mature man of sturdy build with a dark beard, and holding atrident.（三叉戟）,Apollo (Apollo)was the god of the sun ,music and poetry. He was the son of zeus and let leto was driven by hera from land to land at last Poseidon took pity onher and brought the island of delos out of water for her to live on.thereshe gave birth to the twins ，apollo and artemis. 阿波罗象征着青春和男子的英俊美丽。 金色的头发、庄重的举止、容光焕发的神态，这些足以使他受到世人的青睐。一位名叫Christina的美丽少女迷恋于他的英俊，跪在地上，从黎明到黄昏，日复一日双手伸向太阳神,凝视着那辆金质马车在蔚蓝的天空驰骋。但她的爱并未得到回报，显然高傲王子早已见惯了各种迷恋者，但她对阿波罗的痴情从未改变，目睹这悲哀的场面，众神深受感动，将她变成了一株向日葵= =,Artemis(Diana) ,Apollos twin sister, she was the goddess of the moon and the chase. apollo drove his golden carriage(马车) across the heavens during the day ，admired as the sun-god.artemis also raced across the sky in solemn style at night ，“the queen of wide air ” gave off silver light all over the sleeping world below. she remained single all her life，just as apollo represents manly beauty ，so Artemis stands for feminine purity and virginity。她终身未嫁，心灵保持着少女般纯洁，容貌娟秀安祥。她是少女端庄娴雅的楷模。如果说阿波罗代表了男性美，她则象征着贞洁娴静的女性美。作为守护神，她把保护遇难的少女当作自己义不容辞的责任。少女们都来到她的圣坛前祈求爱情与幸福。,Athena(Minerva) was the goddess of wisdom, warfare, strategy. The daughter ofZeusandMetis, she was born from Zeuss head fully-formed and armoured.(全副武装) She was depicted crowned with a crested helmet(头盔) armed with shield（盾）and spear（矛）, and wearing the snake-trimmedaegiscloak（披风） adorned with the head of the Gorgon. Her symbols include the aegis and theolivetree(橄榄树). She is commonly shown accompanied by her sacred animal, the owl（猫头鹰）. 雅典娜大概是大家最熟知的希腊人物之一了，她英明睿智，足智多谋而灵活善战，她是雅典人们鞠躬尽瘁的守护者，身兼天下重任，眸中闪烁智慧光芒，是奥林帕斯最有思想的女神，庄重理性的女强人形象。,Dionysus(Bacchus) was the God of wine, parties and festivals, madness, drunkenness and pleasure. He was depicted in art as a pretty effeminate（美丽柔弱的）, long-haired youth. His attributes include thethyrsus(酒神杖), drinking cup, grape vine. he was the son of zeus by semele.when his mother was burnt to death in the glory of zeus .he was still a helpless infant（小婴儿）.his father trusted his up bringing to some mountain fairy maidens .they took the greatest care of him.从小就是孤儿的酒神性情乖张，放浪形骸，终年纵情享乐其信徒也因他们的疯狂无序而出名。他们肆无忌惮地狂欢，醉生梦死地喝酒、歌舞，其侍女也因极端野蛮放荡而闻名。但同时他也是希腊哲学中著名享乐主义的来源。,Ares (Mars)was the god of war，son of zeus and hera ，God of war, bloodlust, violence, manly courage, and civil order. The son ofZeusandHera, he was depicted as either a mature, bearded warrior dressed in battle arms, or a nude beardless youth with helm and spear. .on the other hand he signified courage and victory in battle ，and was devoutly worshipped by soldiers going to war.战神勇猛好强又鲁莽残暴，波塞冬的一个儿子企图诱拐他的女儿，战神非常不悦，毫不留情地就把他干掉了。为了替儿子报仇，波塞冬拉着阿瑞斯到雅典法官面前要求审判战神。审判是在城外的一座小山上开庭的，阿瑞斯叙述了案情，最后被判无罪。从那以后，这座山就称作雅典的最高法院，即“阿瑞斯之山” “the hill of ares”；而出审的法官们被称作雅典最高法院的法官。,Aphrodite (Venus)was the goddess of love and beauty, Zeuss daughter. Although married toHephaestusshe had many lovers, most notablyAres. She was depicted as a beautiful woman usually accompanied by her sonEros. Her symbols include rose,scallopshell andmyrtlewreath. 稳坐神界美貌优雅第一把交椅的维纳斯令无数凡夫俗子，仙人神祗拜倒在石榴裙下，但邂逅了Adonis后，美神也不得不收起傲慢，屈伸以求，她离开奥林帕斯山的华丽宫殿来到山林中与这个美少年整日相伴左右，然而一天，她刚坐上马车回宫，废柴美少年就被一头野猪不幸顶死= =。回来后发现恋人尸骨已寒的她悲痛万分的大哭起来，但无法将他从地府再拉回阳间，于是她飞到宙斯处，乞求父亲的怜悯，终与Hades达成协议： Adonis每年可以到阳间和Aphrodite相聚半年，由此每到春天阿多尼斯就回到她身边享受爱的拥抱，但到了冬天他就得不情愿地回到哈得斯那儿。Adonis:美少年；美男子；金盏花 n.Adonize:打扮；变美v.,Hephaestus(Vulcan) was the god of fire, metalworking, stonemasonry and sculpture. The son of Heraand Zeus, he is the smith of the gods and the husband of Aphrodite. He was usually depicted as a bearded lame(瘸的) man holding hammer and tongs(钳子)the tools of a smithand riding a donkey. His symbols are the hammer and tongs. His sacred animals are the donkey, and the crane.,Hermes(Mercury) the son ofZeusandMaia the God of travel, messengers, trade, thievery, cunning wiles, athletics, and animal husbandry. He is the messenger of the gods, apsychopompwho leads the souls of the dead intoHadess realm, the gods equipped him with a pair of winged sandals(飞鞋) and winged cap（飞帽） to enable him to travel swifter（快捷） than sight. Hermes was also a patron（守护神） of travellers.Hermes个性机灵聪颖，活跃敏捷经常斡旋于众神之间难免有点小滑头，相传他一出生就会偷东西，爬出摇篮偷了哥哥阿波罗的牛吃掉了，可见“盗神”之称名不虚传。,Hades(Pluto),King of the Underworld and god of death, the dead, and the hidden wealth of the Earth. His consort isPersephoneand his attributes are the key of Hades, the Helm of Darkness, and the three-headed dog,Cerberus. The screech owl was sacred to him. Despite being the son ofCronusandRheaand the elder brother of Zeus, he is only rarely listed among the Olympians. 冥王哈德斯个性冷漠阴郁，一直备受宙斯打压，作为辈分最长之一，宙斯的兄弟却在神山连一席之位都没有，诸神之战后宙斯几乎夺走了一切战利品，他唯一一次牵动感情就是爱上了姐姐农业女神Demeter的爱女Persephone并掳走她娶为冥后，不过Demeter护崽心切，荒废万物农事誓把女儿夺回来，最终宙斯斡旋，决定三九开，于是可怜的Hades连自己的唯一的王后一年里也只有三个月能见到面。,水星Mercury,火星 Mars,地球earth,金星 Venus,土星 Saturn,木星 Jupiter,天王星 Uranus,海王星 Neptune,冥王星 Pluto,Prometheus managedto steal fire from heaven and secretly brought it down to men.flying into an anger at this unjustified act of rebellion ，Zeus let the other gods chain Prometheus to a rock on mountain ，where a hungry eagle ever tore at his liver which ever grew again.his period of pain was to be thirty-thousand years.,Icarusis the son of the master craftsman(工匠) Daedalus. The story told about Icarus is his attempt to escape fromCreteby means of wings that his father constructed from feathers and wax（蜡）. He ignored instructions not to fly too close to the sun, and the melting wax caused him to fall to his death.,今天“icarian”成了意指冒险的；不切实际的。不过对于Icarus渴望征服未知，挑战极限的梦想与勇气我们仍有学习的价值。,喜欢恶作剧的爱神Cupid用金箭射中了Apollo，用铅箭射中了Daphne，金箭点燃爱情，铅箭熄灭爱情。面对初次体会到爱情的高贵太阳神的强势追求，Daphne却只感到厌恶恐惧，最后Daphne无处可逃，宁愿化作月桂树（laurel）也不让阿波罗得到她。我们可怜的有王子病的王子也终于尝到了爱情的苦果(unrequited love)。悲痛之余仍霸道的发誓要永远怀念她，折下月桂树枝随身佩戴桂冠”就成了优胜的标志和荣誉的象征。 He kissed on the wood and said, “Since you cannot be my wife, you shall assuredly be my tree. I will wear you for my crown, I will decorate you my harp(竖琴) and my quiver(箭筒）And when the great Roman lead up the triumphal pomp(凯旋盛典)，you shall be woven(编织) into wreaths（花冠）for their brows. ” laurel:桂冠；冠军；胜利Gain Laurels:获得荣誉Look to ones laurel：爱惜名声Rest on ones laurel:坐吃老本,Daphne,narcissus水仙花narcissism自恋 Narcissist自恋狂,Narcissus was a handsome youth.his lovely face and graceful form were the admiration of all who looked upon him. and he was proud that he thought no one but himself was worthy to see his beauty. One day,Narcissus stopped at a little stream. he saw a lovely face in the clear water and than madly fell in love with his reflection in the water. He pined away（逐渐消瘦）and died.The gods felt sorry for him and changed him into a flower called narcissus . they grow by the side of a pond or a stream，still bend their beautiful heads and look at the reflection of their own faces in the water.,Thats all.Thank You!,