第二部分专题二第三讲词性转换构词法课件.ppt
第三讲词性转换(构词法),思维导图,一、动词、形容词转化为名词的规律1.动词变名词的后缀,2.形容词变名词的后缀,二、名词、动词转化为形容词的规律,名师指津 ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到的”，通常修饰人；ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令人的”，通常修饰物或事。,三、形容词转化为副词的规律,厘清两种情况，突破词性转换,1.名词在句中作宾语，被冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词所修饰,例1 She is determined to carry on with her_(educate).(2017全国卷)分析 education前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education作宾语。,从句法功用上看，厘清“修饰与被修饰”,例2 Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.，influenced the_(develop)of chopsticks.(2016全国卷)分析 development根据空前面的the和空后面的of可知，此处需要名词。,2.形容词在句中作定语，常放在名词之前,例3 It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.(2017全国卷)分析 suddenlysudden此处需要用形容词修饰后面的名词stop，表示“突然的停止”。,3.形容词在句中作表语，常放在be，get，become，remain等系动词后,例4 At one time，I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.(2016全国卷)分析 freelyfree此处需要用形容词作表语。be free from them“摆脱他们”。,4.形容词在句中作宾语补足语，之前常有使役动词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词,例5 As I walked，I looked up，trying to realize what made this day so _(beauty).分析 beautiful使役动词make之后跟复合宾语，用形容词作宾语补足语。,5.副词在句中修饰动词,例6 The title will be_(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.(2016全国卷)分析 officially此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我。分析句子结构可知，应该使用副词officially作状语修饰动词given。,6.副词在句中修饰形容词或其他副词,例7 Dad and I were terrible worried.(全国卷)分析 terribleterribly此处应用副词terribly修饰形容词worried。,7.副词用在句首，修饰整个句子，表示状态、原因等,例8 _(lucky)，he also had a cow which produced milk every day.(广东高考)分析 Luckily此处为副词用于句首，表示状态。,8.要特别注意有使役用法的动词的分词形式用作形容词时的区别。,如amazed常修饰人的内心感受，表示“吃惊的”；amazing常修饰事物，表示“令人吃惊的”。例9 There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and_(disappoint).(新课标全国卷)分析 disappointeddisappointed和前面的anxious并列，表示人的内心活动，应使用ed形式的形容词，此处表示“他们中有些人看起来既焦虑又失望”。,词形变化是重点，注意特殊形式和变化特点：以-e结尾加-ly，切记true需把-e去；-ble，-ple都是去-e把-y加。另外需注意形副同形词。例10 Instead，he hopes that his business will grow steady.(2016全国卷)分析 steadysteadily谓语动词grow是不及物动词，意为“增长，增强”，此处应该使用副词steadily作状语修饰grow。grow steadily意为“稳定地增长”。,从“词性”变化上看，厘清“词形”的变化特点,例11 Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks _ (regular).(2016全国卷)分析 regularly此处需要用副词修饰谓语动词短语“take short breaks”。例12 My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird.(陕西高考)分析 immediateimmediately此处修饰“jumped up”，故应用副词形式。,
