雅思阅读 定位词专题ppt课件.ppt
定位词专题,定义,定位词：在题目中可以帮助做题者定位到原文出处的单词或词组（适用于所有阅读题型）定位词之分类：AA重现； AB重现,定位词之AA重现适用于所有阅读题型！,名词（最常用）（若名词定位词找不到，或不明显；可以选择其他如：）专有动词（irrigate, evolve, talk）连词、介词(though, even),AA重现定位词之名词四大分类,所有同数字有关的名词所有首字母大写的名词(eg:人名、地名、机构名、书名)所有专有名词、生僻词所有带符号的单词（引号、连词符号、黑体、斜体）,定位词之AB重现-三大类,词性改变（N-V-A之间的相互转换）或共享词根Eg：active-activate-activity; irritable-irritate-irritability; misconception-mistake（共有mis-前缀）,AB重现之三大类,2.同义词、近义词原则：求同不求异（词性可以不一样，意义可以不一样） 近义词之四原则:A.共有汉字原则;B.相关性原则（画圆）；C.整体对局部原则（范围上的包含关系）;D.抽象对具体原则,最经典的同义词替换组合,共有汉字:development-improvement-progress-advance-expansion-growth; link=connection (connected)=association (associated)=relationship (related) =joinmonitor=measure=examine=test=evaluate=speculaterise=increase=grow=climb=up=add=raise=具体表示增加的动词(double/triple/quadruple).drop=decrease=jump=down=fall=decline=reduce=lessen=具体表示减少的动词(halve),相关性,Money=fund=financial/finance=support=economic=costSimilar=resemble=like=as=imitate=mimic=compareDeficient=limited=restricted=short/age=lack=dearth=rare/-ity=scarce/-ity=need=insufficientMilitary=army/force=weapon=soldier=war/battle=battlefieldTeach=learn=teacher=educate/train=students=lesson/course=curriculum=classroom/schoolremarkable=considerable=dramatic=sharp=magnificent=spectacular=strikingslight=trivial=small=nuance=fine=unspectacularvariety/various=diversity/diverse=all kinds of=a wide range of=different=a large number of,最经典的同义词替换组合,抽象对具体time=years/months/days/hoursdistance=miles/kilometres/metresamount/level/proportion/number/rate量词=具体的数字classes of animals=fish &birdsLocation/where=Speed=Size=,最经典的同义词替换组合,整体对局部：physical hazards/wound=deathorgan=brainproduct=meatcomponent=computer drives,特别注意特别注意喽,A and B=B and A=A or B=A also B=A as well as B=A, B as well/too=A; B=not A, but B= not only A but also B=partly A, partly B=one A, another B=first A, second B=A with BMore than one=two=A as well as B, A and B, A also B（C4P44Q5;P94Q17）,AB重现之三大类,3.意义不同但经推理归纳，方向趋同Eg: be responsible for=cause=associated由此，很多及物动词A+vt+B，也可以引申出A和B是有联系的，也可以同associated类表示关联的动词构成同义词；A +比较级than+B=different,所有含有比较级的形容词副词短语都可以同different对等；change=different,Exception哪些名词不能作为定位词？,全文的关键词，这样的词在每段均有出现，是不能单独用作定位词的(通过综观主副标题、插图和第一段第一句即可判断)。表抽象或概括性的名词Eg: concept; fact; understanding, importance, effect, how, way, description, insight, detail, suggestion, explanation, etc.（多位于题中的第一个名词，of/that之前；多见于于标题、多选多、信息包含等题）,conclusion：找关键词(含AA&AB)的六大准则,AA重现的四大类,所有不太可能被替换的表示方向、趋势变化的a/n/v(表示上升、下降；增加、减少的)表示否定含义的a/n/v(否定词no, never, not, unless, without, less否定前缀/后缀：im-/in/un/dis-/mis-/-less隐含的否定词：ignore/neglect,stop/prevent/control,refuse/reject,resist/object, eliminate/kill/destroy,weakening, limited/lack/short, abandon/give up,conclusion：找关键词(含AA&AB)的六大准则,4. 表示时间观念的单词和词组+表示方位地点的词组(东西南北,左右前后 )年龄:young, teenager, old现在：now, present, recent过去:ancient, history, in the past, early, first, original, ancestor将来: in the future, hope, wish, plan, will/would（注：在信息包含和标题题中的重要作用！）5. 特殊的介词和连词词组(when,even, before, after)6. 比较级+最高级+并列结构(A and B),关于从句,定语从句状语从句宾语从句同位语从句,关于题目同原文的对应,结构对仗主动变被动主语变宾语A+vt+B=link between A and B,
