跨文化交际实用教程unit4ppt课件.ppt

Unit 4,Verbal Communication,2,Objectives,Learn the culturally loaded wordsLearn the cultural reflections on proverbsLearn taboosLearn the differences in cultural thought patterns,3,CONTENTS,I. Warm-up cases II. Detailed Study:culturally loaded wordscultural reflections on proverbstaboosdifferences in cultural thought patternsIII. SummaryIV. Assignments,4,5,Case 1. Shoes for Street Walking,I. Warm-up cases,Question : Why did the Italian shop owner make such a blunder?,Shoes for street walking.Come in and have a fit.,6,Interpretation,a street walker- a prostitute to have a fit-to become suddenly and violently angry or upset,7,Case 2. A Misunderstanding Caused by a Joke,Comment:,Hustle- to force sb to make a decision before they are ready or sure -to work as a prostitute / romance or sex is hinted,8,Case 3 Look out,9,Case 3 Look out,Didnt you hear me call look out?,Yes, and thats what I did.,10,Case 3 Look out,Look out- to stick your head outside of sth. (window/door) to take a look -to be careful, especially when there is danger,11,II. Detailed Study,Loaded words and phrases are those which have strong emotional overtones (n.暗示，弦外音，寓意) or connotations (n.涵义，言外之意), and which evoke strongly positive or negative reactions beyond their literal meaning.,1.Culturally Loaded Words,What is loaded words?,12,Culturally Loaded Words文化负载词(Cultural Loaning Words),1.是指标志某种文化中特有事物的词组和短语.2.文化负载词是反映一个国家、一个民族特有的文化和历史的一些词汇.,13,2.2 Color Terms in Chinese and English,Group Work 1.红糖 2.红茶 3.眼红 4.开门红 5.红白喜事,1. brown sugar2. black-tea3. green-eyed4. to begin well, to make a good start5. weddings and funerals,14,1. 清白 2.白眼 3.青天 4.背黑锅 5.黄色书刊,1.pure/clean/stainless2.supercilious look3.blue sky4.be made a scapegoat/ be unjustly blamed5.filthy books,15,blue booka blue Mondaya white liea green woundred-letter days,蓝皮书（美）刊载知名人士的书倒霉的星期一善意的谎言新伤，未痊愈的伤口喜庆的日子,16,Translating the Underlined Part,1) Hes just a green recruit fresh from college2) I tried to call her many times but she was in a brown study and didnt hear me3) One day, out of the blue, a girl rang up and said she was my sister 4) The new office block has unfortunately become an expensive white elephant,17,5 Mary was always regarded as the black sheep of the family6 Youd better do something to prove youre not 7 Can you see the green in her eyes?8 The mere thought of her husband with the secretary made her see yellow,18,9) I got some black looks from the shopkeeper when I cancelled my order.10) When Im feeling blue, all I have to do is take a look at you, and then Im not so blue11) Dont tell me any white lie to make me feel good12) It may cost over a week to go through all the red tape to get permission,19,13 His type of humor is a bit too black for my tastes14 Are you all right? You look absolutely white 15 He based his judgment on headlines and yellow journalism,20,yellow journalism指不择手段的夸张，渲染以招揽或影响读者的黄色新闻编辑作风。如突出社会丑闻，把普通新闻写得耸人听闻，有时甚至歪曲事实以引起轰动等。,21,龙-dragon干部-cadre母马-female horse?/mare?扁担-a carrying pole; a shoulder pole一本书- a book 知识分子-intellectual社会科学-social science?/the humanities?,Can you find the equivalent words in English for these Chinese words?,22,Interpretations,龙- in CC, it is a totem with many royal associations, 龙颜，龙床，龙袍， 龙心大喜。 In EC, dragon refers to horrible, disgusting monsters.,23,知识分子,In CC, it refers to people including college teachers, college students, middle school teachers, and such people as medical doctors, engineers, interpreters. In EC, it refers to people of high academic status (college professors) much smaller range of people. not always a complimentary term, sometimes used in derogatory sense.,24,干部,-a small group of people who are specially chosen and trained for a particular purpose.骨干队伍-a member of this kind of group.干部In EC, many people dont know what itmeans. (not a common word)Some other substitutes: official, functionary, administrator, etc.But none of these gets exact same meaning as Chinese word “干部”.,25,社会科学,Social Sciences in Chinese covers all the fields except the ones in the natural science and applied sciences. Same as “the humanities” in English.While in English, “social sciences” cover a smaller area of learning. It includes political science, economics, history (often classified under the humanities) and sociology. -the branches of learning that study human society, especially its organization and relationship of individual members to it.,26,Birds and animals/ male or female,Generic term male female the youngchicken cock/rooster hen chickduck drake duck ducklinggoose gander goose goslinghorse stallion mare foalcattle/cow bull cow calfdog dog bitch puppysheep ram ewe lambdeer stag doe fawnpig boar sow shoat,27,bull, cow, cock or hen, male, female, she,Not all animals or birds have specific names that denote different sex.bull, cow, cock or hen are frequently used to distinguish sex.bull seal , cock sparrow, hen sparrowmale, female , she also acceptablemale leopard, female panda, she wolf,28,副,副主席 vice-chairman副教授 associate professor副主任 deputy director副秘书长 assistant secretary副州长 lieutenant governor副国务卿 undersecretary,29,Summary,A term in one language does not necessarily have a counterpart in the other language;（扁担）Words or terms in both language appear to refer to the same object or concept only on the surface, but actually refer to quite different things;（龙）,30,Things or concepts are represented by one or perhaps two terms in one language, but by many more terms in the other language, ie, finer distinctions exist in the other language;（社会科学）Terms have more or less the same primary meaning, but have secondary or additional meanings that may differ considerably from each other.（龙）,31,2. Cultural Reflections on Proverbs,Proverbs may provide interesting glimpses orclues to a peoples geography, history, social organization, social views, etc.A new broom sweeps clean.Many hands make light work.Dont put off until tomorrow what you can do today.Kill two birds with one stone.Haste makes waste.,32,Where theres smoke theres fire.The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence.Beauty is only skin deep.Spare the rod and spoil the child.Give a person a dose of his own medicine.,33,Man proposes, God disposes.尽人事，听天命。/ 谋事在人，成事在天。It is a sin to steal a pin.勿以恶小而为之，勿以善小而不为。Revenge is a dish that could be eaten cold.君子报仇，十年不晚。Every dog has its day.人人皆有得意日 。/十年风水轮流转 。,34,A dogs life 争吵不休，过着不安宁的日子Go to the dogs每况愈下Dog-eat-dog 狗咬狗的，损人利己的Dog in the manger站着茅坑不拉屎Dog days大热天Doggy bag餐馆里的打包袋,35,The above expressions get similar /same meanings both in English and Chinese. But some others get dissimilarities:良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行。瓜田不纳履，李下不整冠。一人得道，鸡犬升天。,36,Hard to find equivalents,Absence makes the heart grow fonder.An apple a day keeps the doctor away.Let sleeping dogs lie.You cant teach an old dog new tricks.You cant have your cake and eat it too.,37,Lightening never strikes the same place twice. 福无双至，祸不单行。？ 坏事不过二 。 祸无双至。同一灾害不会在同一场所重复发生。 One swallow does not make a summer. 一叶知秋。？ 一燕不成夏。一花独放不是春。,38,Surface similarities, but differences,It takes two to make a quarrel.A miss is as good as a mile.Gilding the lily.Life begins at forty.If you lie down with dogs, you will get up with fleas. 近朱者赤，近墨者黑。,39,Please choose the proper words for each phrase.,hare horse snail mouse bee mule,as busy as a _,as slow as a _,as stubborn as a _,as timid as a _,snail,bee,mule,hare,as strong as a _,horse,as poor as a church _,mouse,40,3.Taboos,（1）mention of gods (神灵的名字)（2）near-swearing (近似誓词咒语)（3）sex （4）death（5）disease（6）excretion (排泄),41,3.Taboos,英汉相同禁忌话题（1）sex（2）the activities in the rest room（3）something disgusting，如呕吐、抠鼻子等（4）something sad，如患了癌症、死亡等。 但由于在历史、文化、思维等方面存在着差异，他们的委婉语有着很大的不同。,42,3.Taboos （disease）,Western Culture: cancer: the big C; long illness AIDS or 梅毒: social diseaseChinese Culture: 不治之症,43,3.Taboos （分泌menstruation）,Western Culture: Im having my periods. I am a woman for a week. I am having my friends with me.Chinese Culture: 例假；倒霉了；身上来了,44,3.Taboos （上厕所）,Western Culture: toilet; water closet; rest room pass water; answer natures call; wash ones hands, do ones businessChinese Culture: 方便；去一号,45,Human Excretion,go to the can/ go to the Johngo and see ones auntIm going to pick some flowers.Can I add some powder? I would like to powder my nose. I wonder if I could go somewhere. heed /answer the call of nature May I be excused? Nature calls me.,46,3.Taboos （pregnant）,Western Culture: she is expecting a baby. she is in a family way. she is expecting. she is in a delicate condition. she is well-along. she is about to have a blessed event.Chinese Culture: 有了、有喜了、快要当妈妈了,47,3.Taboos （die）,Western Culture: pass away; go to the heaven; go to sleep; go to see the God; depart; be in heaven with God depart from this world；go to a better worldChinese Culture: 去世了、老了、走了、没了 驾崩、薨、夭折、牺牲、一命呜呼、断气“离开了我们”, “辞世”, “去见马克思了”, “归西”,“升天”, “上路”,48,3.Taboos （英汉不同禁忌话题）,年老 称谓,49,3.Taboos （old）,Western Culture: a seasoned man (历练者) the advanced in age (年长者)the mature; elder hospital (老人团)retirement home (敬老院)；private hospital (老人院)nursing home (养老院)；golden age club (老年俱乐部)Chinese Culture: “老”常带敬意，是资历和地位的象征老师、老同志、老大爷、老师傅,50,3.Taboos （称谓）,Western Culture: 城市、街道、地名用著名总统名：Washington; Lincoln大学以赞助人的名字命名：Harvard; StanfordName after.Chinese Culture: 忌讳晚辈的名字与长辈相同、谐音或同音；有，不尊敬长辈，是欺祖少用历史人物名讳，没福分，短命,51,3.Taboos,-a cultural or religious custom that does not allow people to do, use or talk about a particular thing as people find it offensive or embarrassingExcreta and acts of human excretionSexual intercourse/certain parts of the body(four letters)Swear words (age, sex, occupation),52,Human Excretion,go to the can/ go to the Johngo and see ones auntIm going to pick some flowers.Can I add some powder? I would like to powder my nose. I wonder if I could go somewhere. heed /answer the call of nature May I be excused? Nature calls me.,53,Sex/Body parts,pee pee (penis)wee wee (urinate)down there (vagina)she is expecting a baby. she is in a family way. She is expecting. She is in a delicate condition. She is well-along. She is about to have a blessed event.,54,die,Godepartdepart from this worldgo to a better worldgo the ways of all fleshpass awaylate In Chinese, we also can find similar euphemisms: “去了”, “离开了我们”, “辞世”, “去见马克思了”, “归西”,“升天”, “上路”,55,disease,Abbreviations: SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes) AIDS (Acquired Immure Deficiency Syndrome) V.D (venereal disease) 性病big C/ long disease/ terminal illness (cancer),56,Old Age,senior citizensadvanced in agegolden years,57,Swear words,1. some words are more offensive some are less2.age, sex, occupation3. setting or environment,58,4. Differences in Cultural Thought Patterns,English-speakers-linear and directSemitic-combination of tangential and semi-directAsian- circularRomance-more consistently circuitousRussian-direct and circuitous,59,American-factual-inductive (ascertain facts, find similarities, and formulate conclusions)Russian- combination of direct and circuitous approaches/axiomatic-deductive (move from general principle to particulars which can be easily deduced)Arab-intuitive-affective (facts are secondary to emotions),60,Understanding and appreciation of differences among cultures in cognitive processing and problem solving is a major step toward successful intercultural communication.,61,III. Summary, Culturally loaded words Cultural reflections on proverbs Taboos Differences in cultural thought patterns,62,IV. Assignments,1.Research Topic Different colors have different associations in different languages. Please make a close study of the “color” languages in Chinese and English.2. Watch the video “A Journey to India”,63,1.Justice has long arms.2.Tread upon eggs.3.sanitation engineer4.Industrial climate5.To take things without permission6.A man of doubtful taste7.Gilding the lily8.You cant have the cake and eat it too.9.Associate professor10.ethnocentrism,Thank You!,