第6章汉语词组的英译ppt课件.ppt

第6章 汉语词组的英译,汉语中的词组很多，翻译的方法也各不相同。本节主要针对的是那些在英译过程中较为常见而又有些难度的汉语词组，包括名词性词组、修饰性词组和四字排比结构三个方面。,一、汉语名词性词组的英译处理 下面就名词性词组中的修饰语的处理逐一说明：,形容词是常见的修饰语，也较为容易掌握，但要注意两点：一要辨析词义，不能用错形容词；二当有多个形容词作修饰语时要正确处理形容词之间的关系。通常是描述性的形容词在前，限制性的形容词在后。如：,1、形容词作修饰语,淡 季 额外收费 保暖内衣 伪劣产品 人际交流,Low (dull/off/slack) season ；extra charge/additional charge ；thermal underwear ；counterfeit goods/shoddy goods ；interpersonal communication,2、分词作修饰语,固定资产 有保留的赞扬 全力支持 有关部门 预定到达时间,fixed assets ；qualified praise ；unqualified support/full support ；the departments concerned/relevant authorities ；expected time of arrival/scheduled arriving time,3、介词短语作修饰语,介词短语作修饰语时，通常要放在中心词的后面。如：停留时间 成功而持久减肥的奥妙 很有背景的人,duration of stay ；the secret of successful and lasting weight loss；a man with powerful emergencies/a person with high-level connections.,4、名词作修饰语,要注意英语的习惯表达；要注意中心词与修饰语的位置。如：平价商店 休闲场所 经济作物 基础学科 人员不足,discount store ; leisure facilities ; cash crop ; foundation subjects/basic subjects ; shortage of staff/staff shortage,5.动词不定式作修饰语,动词不定式作修饰语时，要放到中心词的后面。如：即将为众多商家采用的营销战略：a marketing strategy soon to be adopted by numerous businesses.,6.副词短语作修饰语,副词不能单独修饰中心词，而必须同其他成分如形容词或分词共同构成修饰语。如： 难以置信的好运气 幼稚可笑的问题 高收入工作 incredibly good luck ; ridiculously nave question ; a well paid job,7.连字符构词作修饰语,在职培训 售后服务 利益集团 节能冰箱 最新式的设备,on-the-job training ; after-sale service ; special-interest group ; energy-efficient refrigerator ; state-of-the-art equipment,二、汉语修饰语词组的英译处理,汉语中的修饰性词组同英语一样，在句法中也相当活跃。其中定语性词组和状语性词组的种类繁多，没有必要也不可能在这里详细讨论。我们只是选取其中较为重要的散动式定语性词组和散动式状语性词组，在这里略加讨论。,从散动式定语性词组和散动式状语性词组的英译处理方法来看，通常将其转化成从句、动词不定式、分词短语和介词短语等，下面逐一举例说明：,1、转化为从句,1）以上就是我们同意继续进行两岸对话的条件。2）找不找人帮忙的事由你来决定。1）The afore-said are conditions under which we will agree to continue talks between both sides of the Strait.2）Its up to you to decide whether we should look for helping hands or not.,2、转化为动词不定式,1）为什么人服务的问题，是一个根本的问题，原则的问题。2）皮肤不那么容易受到细菌感染。 1）To serve for whom is a cardinal problem, a matter of principle.2）Skin is not liable to be affected by bacteria.,3、转化为分词或分词短语,1）他抽出枪就开始向敌人射击。2）他们扛起铁锹和锄头就下地了。1）Snatching his gun, he began to fire at the enemy. 2）They left for the fields, shouldering spades and hoes.,4、转化为介词短语,1）尽管有好多缺点，他是个勤奋的人。2）看见他我就恶心。1）With all his shortcomings, he is a hard-working man.2）I feel sick at the sight of him.,5、惯用法灵活处理,1）她人长得好看，脑子又聪明。 2）这件事说起来容易做起来难。1）She is as pretty as wise.2）Its easier said than done.,三、汉语四字排比结构的英译处理,1、并列关系的英译处理,1）形容词名词a)大峡弯的谷地山峦交错、峡谷相连、江水汹涌。a) The valley of the Grand Bend is full of multi-peaked mountains, joined canyons and turbulent waters.,b) 我国政府愿意在平等互利、相互开放、长期合作、共同发展的基础上，进一步加强同亚洲各国的经济合作和贸易交流。b) The Chinese government stands ready to further strengthen economic cooperation and trade ties with other Asian nations on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, mutual openness, long-term cooperation and common progress.,2)名词或形容词in名词,a)由于这台仪器性能稳定、操作可靠、维修方便，因此受到用户的好评。a) The instrument has been welcomed by the users because of its stability in service, reliability in operation and simplicity in maintenance.,b)这些女式衬衫系采用上等纯丝制成，价格公道，工艺精湛，设计独特。b) These silk blouses are made of pure silk of best quality. They are moderate in price, excellent in craftsmanship and unique in designs.,3)介词短语,这里那里，螺号阵阵，渔歌声声；近近远远，红旗飘扬，白帆点点。好一派动人的渔乐图啊！ What an exciting scene of jubilance, with the fishermens conches trumpeting and their songs ringing here and there, and red flags fluttering and white sails dotting the sea far and near.,4)名词性词组,a) 大力培养爱岗尽责、方便群众、优质服务的敬业精神。a) We should vigorously foster the fine spirits, including dedication to work, and offering convenience and fine services to the masses.,b) 防止个人专断和各自为政，反对有令不行、有禁不止。b) To prevent the tendency to make decisions arbitrarily and go their own way and oppose the defiance of orders and prohibitions.,5)动词短语,我们必须解放思想、实事求是、扎实工作、开拓进取。 We should emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts and work hard and creatively.,2.含有主从关系的英译处理,汉语中有些四字排比结构可能是围绕着其中一个中心进行描述的，在英译的时候，可以将其中的从属部分转化成伴随结构或状语结构。如：,1) 作为世界第一大洲，亚洲幅员辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富，有着巨大的发展潜力。1) Asia, the largest continent in the world, is a vast land with a huge population, abundant natural resources and enormous potential for development.,2) 岸山屏列，倚天插云，峰回水转，蜿蜒而下2) Along the banks mountains piercing the clouds stood like screen. And so the mountains ranged on, so the river wound its way downstream,另外，有些四字排比结构实际上就是个浓缩的句子，在翻译的时候，可以以其中的主体部分为主语展开，将其他从属部分转化成句子的各个成分。,3) 自此而下，江面宽阔，水流平缓。一叶轻舟，顺流而下，沿江景色，包览无遗。3) Down from here, the river becomes wide and calm. If you take a light skiff down the stream, you will drink in the beauty along the river.,4) 大批仁人志士，满腔悲愤，万种辛酸，想有所为而不能为，真是英雄无用武之地。4) So many men and women with high ideals, worried and frustrated, wished to do something about it, only to find that , able as they were, they had no chance to carry out their ideals.,3.含有因果关系的英译处理,汉语中的四字排比结构有些含有隐性的因果关系，在翻译的时候通常是将表示原因的部分放在前面，将结果部分放在后面，中间用“导致”或“形成”这样的动词连接。如：,1) 江中多滩，易阻行舟，然而急流澎湃，惊涛轰鸣，气势磅礴。1) There are many hidden shoals in the river, presenting a challenge to navigators. And the surges of the swift current and the roars of the terrifying waves achieve great momentum.,2) 这里山花古松遮掩着悬崖峭壁，鸟语花香，生意昂然，一派秀丽景色。2) Wild flowers and old pines on the precipice, with birds singing among them, form a beautiful scene full of life and vitality.,