英语语法填空完整版ppt课件.ppt
Grammatical Filling,语法填空解题技巧与指导,The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “impossible” -Napoleon,1、语法填空主要考查哪方面的内容?,2、语法填空命题特点是什么 ?,语法和词汇（考试重点）,上下文连贯性（语境）,101.515102001？,共10个小题,每题1.5分,满分15分,须在10分钟内完成,短文长度200词左右,每格不一定1个词（特别是谓语或非谓语动词形式 ）,侧重语境加语法语 法 占 关 键,test points and features,语法填空的考察方式有两种： 1. 对话 2. 短文,对话式语法填空,第二节: 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置上。M: Hi, Mrs. Brown, this is Bill Nelson, from Flat Rental Company. Hows your apartmentworking out for you?W: Well, Mr. Nelson. Thats _ I would like to talk to you about. Would you mind talking to the person upstairs and _ (ask) him to keep his music down at night? M: Ohhh. Who? Me?W: Yes. It thunders every night. And isnt _ your job to take care of these things?M: I just collect _ rent. W: And the air here _ (smell)! Is there a chemical factory nearby? M: No. Its the farm. See those horses, pigs and sheep on the farm nearby the river? So theres nothing I can do about that.W: Well, what about that noise? M: What noise? I dont hear _ (something).W: There, there it is again. M: Oh, that noise. I guess that is from the guns. Soldiers are doing their weekly drills. W: Weekly? You _ (kid)! Cant anything be done about it? M: Certainly. I _ (protest), and these activities should stopwithin the next three to fiveyears.W: Hey, you never told me about these problems _ I signed the rental agreement! Still expect me to keep _ the agreement? Well, my lawyer will see you soon.,短文式语法填空,2014年高考新课标I卷 Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix? In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It_1_（be）unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it _2_(actual)caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of _3_most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. But the river wasnt changed in a few days _4_even a few months. It took years of work_5_(reduce ) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is_6_(clean) than ever. Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you leave a habit _7_is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately? While there are _8_(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the_ 9_(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 10 (patience). （答案：was, actually,the,or,to reduce,cleaner,which/that,amazing,changes,patient）,1、阅读/理解语篇的能力;2、分析句子结构的能力;3、熟练运用语法的能力。,语法填空题能力要求,高考语法填空题两类“空”：,纯空格,给词空,1.谓语（时态语态数）2.非谓语（to do-doingdone)3.词类转换(名-动形副）,冠、代、介、连、及一些副词组卷网,考查方式,应试策略,How to fulfil the task Grammar Filling ?,Read the following sentences and fill in the blanks according to the requirements. Then find out the rules .,给词空考点讲解：,1.谓语（时态语态数）2.非谓语（to do-doingdone)3.词类转换(名动形副）,应试策略 考点一 谓语动词,1.On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, _buy some bananas and visited her cousin.2.Someone broke into my apartment yesterday and many items of mine _steal.,bought,were stolen,括号内给出动词的原形，做题时首先确定是谓语还是非谓语动词。如果缺谓语动词，先找出句子的主语，然后根据上下文语境和意思确定动词的数、时态和语态。,如果空格前是助动词（will, shall等）、情态动词（can, may, must等），则空格填 。,如果空格前是have的各种形式，则想到构成 。,如果空格前是be的各种形式，则想到用 。,动词原形,完成时,进行时态或被动语态。,应试策略,So far this year we _(see) a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.- Whats that noise? - Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine_(test). 3. She is always _dietbut she never seems to lose any weight.,have seen,is being tested,dieting,1.I was not afraid of _(catch) by the police, because there was no cop（警察） anywhere around.2.With the problem _(solve), I felt proud of my achievement. 3._dateback to 1980s,our friendship gave both of us pleasure.,应试策略,考点二、非谓语动词,being caught,solved,Dating,非谓语动词，包括V-ing形式、V-ed形式和动词不定式。 做题时确定所给出的词与其所修饰的词或其逻辑主语的关系。,如果与中心词是主动关系， ；,如果与中心词是被动关系， ；,如果表示将来，,一般用V-ing形式,一般用V-ed形式,应试策略,一般用动词不定式。,例1._ (speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary,解析：句中已有谓语wont make，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。,Speaking,例2 _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day.,解析：因句中已有谓语will have to work，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填To complete。,例3 Lessons _ (learn) in sports can help us in dealing with other people.,解析：因句中已有谓语can help，所以learn应为非谓语动词；又因lesson与learn是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故填learned。,To complete,learned,考点三、词性转换,1.Father went to his doctor for _(advise)about his heart trouble. 2.I _(strong) advise you to do as much reading as possible if you want to learn English well.3.Whats the _(length) river in the world?4._(thank) , I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.,括号内给出单词的其他形式，通过分析句子结构，判断句子缺少什么成分（修饰什么词），再用正确的单词形式补充完整，该空同时考查同学们的单词拼写能力。,应试策略,例1 In a _ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to例2 Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject,解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填dangerous。,解析：因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students的补足语，用形容词；表示“感兴趣的”，填interested。,例3 When Chinas ancient scientific and technological _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.,解析：在时间状语从句中，要求填的词作主语，Chinas ancient scientific and technological是主语的定语；作主语要用名词，又由are可知，主语是复数，故填achievements。,例4 These people have made great _39 (contribute) to China with their work. 例5 instructors expect students to be familiar with _32_ (inform) in the reading,解析：在句中作及物动词have made的宾语，要用名词形式；表示“作贡献”，其前面没有不定冠词时，习惯上用复数，故填contributions。,解析：因with是介词，在介词后作宾语，要用名词，故填information。,cheaper,应试策略,考点四、形容词或副词,officially,For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as _ (cheap) to sit comfortably at home,2.The title will be _（official）given to me at a ceremony in London.,括号内给出形容词或副词，要根据上下文语境确定用原级、比较级还是最高级形式。,应试策略,形容词 修饰名词/代词 副词 修饰动词/形容词/副词/句子,修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：例1 As I looked 32 (close) at this girl, I found that 例2 There must be something _(serious) wrong with your eyes. 例3 luck,I passed the exam.解析：Luckily,修饰后面整个句子。英语中这样的词 还有:happily ,fortunately,strangely,frankly坦白地, honestly, clearly, obviously, generally, unexpectedly, naturally, hopefully等。,解析：修饰动词looked，作状语，用副词，故填closely。,解析：要求填的词修饰形容词wrong，作状语，用副词，故填seriously。,词类转换题总结,(1) 用名词：注意单复数 作主语 作宾语 （及物动词，介词后） 被形容词，形容词性物主代词(his, my, your等)，或冠词（+形容词）修饰。 (2) 用形容词：作表语（系动词后，如：be, feel, sound, remain, stay, turn, get等 作定语（修饰名词） 作补语 （表性质状态）（3）用副词 修饰动词 修饰形容词 修饰副词 修饰整个句子（4）词性不变，需要词根前加un, im, in, il, dis等 或在词根后加less等（5）若括号给出动词，也可能考虑词类转换，若给出形容词或副词，有可能考察其比较级和最高级,Read the following sentences and fill in the blanks according to the requirements. Then find out the rules .,纯空格类考点讲解：,1.冠词2.代词3.介词4. 连词或副词,应试策略,a,考点五、冠词,the,1.They both are trying their best to realize _same dreamentering the key university.2.Reciting more texts is _useful way to broaden your vocabulary.,如果空格后是单数可数名词，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填不定冠词(a, an)。 如果空格后是序数词、最高级或提及上文提到过的人或物等时，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填定冠词(the)。,应试策略,应试策略 考点六 代词,1.His English teachers teaching method is completely different from _ of the teachers at Junior High. 2.I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax _ .3.You prefer classical music,dont you? -Yes ,I do.I find _ very relaxing.,代词考点解读代词是语法填空的一个重要考点，几乎每年必考。主要考查人称代词的宾格、形容词性物主代词、it的用法和不定代词。备考中，要弄清人称代词格的区别，搞懂物主代词形容词性和名词性的不同用法，掌握主要的不定代词的用法，还要注意复习反身代词和疑问代词的用法。,替代词：首先找出代词所指代的名词，根据已学替代词知识将名词替代。 如果空格后是名词，就应该考虑空格处是否用 (my, your, his等)、 (this, that等)、 (few, little, many, much, all, each, every, both, neither, other等)、 等进行修饰。 如果空格前是动词 , 就应考虑用人称代词和反身代词。,应试策略,物主代词,指示代词,不定代词,名词所有,格或形容词,it的用法考点解读it的用法是语法填空的重要考点。复习it的用法，主要包括it作形式主语和形式宾语，it替代前文的内容。解题技巧(1)根据本句句意和空格前一句的内容及其两句间的逻辑关系，判断空格处是不是需要填代替前文某个内容的代词it。(2)根据句式结构判断是不是填作形式主语或形式宾语的it。It is adj. /n. +to do /doing /thatfind /feel /think /consider it +adj. /n. +to do /doing /that,例1 32 took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists解析：由句式结构可知，这是it takes sb. some time to do sth.句型，本句的不定式to steal paintings是真正的主语，空格处填形式主语it。例2 Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear _it_ spoken.解析: 句中it代替上文中的the language,应试策略考点七、介词,Television is now playing a very important role _ our life. 解析：填in 词组 play a role in表示“在起作用。”2 No one helped me. I did it all _ myself. 解析：by 词组by oneself表示“单独地； 独自地”。,介词可位于名词之前。如at night, on Sunday等；,也可位于形容词之后，如be interested in, be good at等；,还可位于不及物动词之后，如listen to, arrive at, look for等。,应试策略,掌握一些常用介词的用法、含义和固定搭配；,应试策略 考点八 连接词考点解读 连接词是高考语法填空的必考内容，此处的连接词包括：各类从句的“引导词”，如引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词、连词(whether, if, that)，引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词，引导状语从句的从属连词；连接并列的单词、短语或句子的并列连词。,例1.like music_ has a fast beat . 例2. The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks _ it arrives in Beijing. 例3.The man asked him for a lot of money, _he didnt have enough.,解题技巧(1)连接两个功能对等的单词,短语或句子时，应填并列连词and, or, but等。(2)若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句(多要求考生填and, but, or，while, for等)还是某种主从复合句。然后根据各类从句的特点，结合连接词的意义和用法，确定填具体的某个连词。,考点九：副词,解析：有时根据文章的结构，句子中需要填一些副词来表示上下文之间的因果，转折，递进等关系。表示因果： therefore， thus因此表示递进： further, furthermore，besides moreover而且，此外 even甚至表示转折： nevertheless不过 however然而,例1. I had a headache;_ I could not go to your party.例2. If a family has many children, the middle one sometimes gets lost in the crowd. The youngest child, _ often gets special treatment.,考点十 特殊句式 由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。(1)由it is（was）that（who）强调结构的形式，判断填it还是thatwho。例1 _ was because I was stuck in the heavy traffic that I came late.,解析：由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填It。,(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，还是填do, does, did等。例2 _in this way can you solve the problem.,解析：由can you solve可知，这是倒装句，根据构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词only，因为“only +状语(in this way)”放在句首，句子要用倒装。,(3)so /suchthat句型。如：The noise was _ loud outside that I could sleep no longer.,解析：由句式结构可知，这是sothat句型，应填so,语法填空解题步骤,1. 通读全文，把握大意。 解题前，应快速浏览短文，把握全文大意，这一步非常重要。2. 结合语境，试填空格。 分析思考空格所缺单词的词性（根据句子结构的完整性）,确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式（ 根据句子的结构和意义，及句子之间的逻辑关系）,3. 重读全文，解决难题。 在解题过程中要先易后难，难题在大部分空格填好后，再经过仔细推敲，难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。,1. 对于文章，要熟悉语境。,5. 对于连词、介词、关系代词、关系副词 等不仅要理解 它们的意思，还要熟记它们，在考试时能准确、快速地提取它们。,3. 对于动词，要掌握常用的时态、语态、非谓语动词的用法以及词形变化。,2. 对于句子，要能够分析其结构，懂得在什么时候该 用 什么词性。,4.对于名词、形容词、副词等，不仅要背诵其意义和拼写，还好掌握基本的词形变换。,几点建议：,Practice Makes Perfect!,不断记忆，积累词汇夯实基础，学好语法大声朗读，培养语感坚持不懈，多做练习,语法填空练习 When you take a walk in any city, you often see a lot of people walking dogs. _1_is still true that a dog is the mostuseful and faithful animal in the world, but the reason why people keep a dog_2_change. In the old days people used to train dogs to protect themselves against attacks _3_other beasts. Later they came _4_realize that a dog was not only useful for protection_5_ willing to obey his master. For example, when people used dogs for hunting, the dogs would not eat _6_ they caught without permission. These days people in the city need not protect themselves against attacks from animals. Why do they keep dogs, then? Some people keep dogs to protect themselves from robbery（抢劫）. But the _7_importantreason is for companionship. For a child, _8_ dog is a best friend when there are no friends to play with. For young couples, a dog is also_9_ child when they have no children. For old couples, a dog is also their child when their real children have grown up. So the main reason why people _10_dogs has changed from protection to friendship.,2015高考 Yangshuo,China It was raining lightly when I_61_(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care. A few hours_62_, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with _63_(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain. Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River_64_are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _65_(painting). Instead, Id head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away_66_ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. Yangshuo_67_(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers_68_(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it_(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people_70_(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.,Thank you.Bye!,
