英美文化概况ppt课件.ppt
Physical Geography,1. General Introduction1.1 Geographical position1.2 Four political divisions 2. Geographical Features 地理特征 3. Rivers and Lakes 4. Climate,1. General Introduction,1.1 Geographical position: North Atlantic Ocean North Sea Norway Denmark English Channel The Republic of Ireland Netherlands FranceTwo islands: big“(Great) Britain”(大)不列颠岛; small“Ireland”爱尔兰岛U.K. = Britain+ Northern Ireland (northern part of Ireland)英国 = (大)不列颠岛 +北爱尔兰（爱尔兰岛北部地区 ）“Ireland” = the Republic of Ireland+ Northern Ireland爱尔兰岛 =爱尔兰共和国+北爱尔兰Full name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 (Britain / Great Britain / UK for short)Total area: 245,000 square kilometers / 9,600,000,1.2 Four Political Divisions: England英格兰Capital: London 伦敦Area: + 50%History: It dominated the other three divisions. Wales威尔士Capital: Cardiff卡迪夫Area: -10%History : it was conquered by the King of England, Edward I, in the 14th CNorthern Ireland北爱尔兰Capital: Belfast贝尔法斯特Area: -10%History: Ireland was conquered by England in the 17th CScotland苏格兰Capital: Edinburgh爱丁堡Area: - 30% History: Scottish King James coronated as the English King after the death of English Queen Elizabeth I in 1603,2. Geographical Features,General Survey:Highland in Scotland and Wales; Lowland in the southeast of EnglandEngland: high in the north (Pennines奔宁山脉, the backbone of England) ; low in the southeastScotland: highland 高原 (Ben Nevis -the highest mountain in Britain); low in the middle ( midland valley中部山谷低地; Edinburgh爱丁堡-captical; Glasgow -largest city in Scotland; 75% population, farmland)Wales: hills and moorland丘陵和高沼地Northern Ireland: Low around Lough Neagh (内伊湖 the largest lake) ; High along the northern rocky coastline (The Giants Causeway巨人堤),3. Rivers and Lakes,Rivers:River Clyde克莱德 , the most important in ScotlandRiver Severn 塞文河 (355 km), the longest in the UKRiver Thames 泰晤士河(336km), the second longest but the most important river in UK, running through London Industrial Revolution; pollution; 1960s; 20years; 2000 billion poundsLakes:Lough Neagh: located in Northern Ireland ,the largest lake in UKLake District: 15 lakes radiating in the shape of a wheelbeautiful rock sceneryLake Poets 湖畔诗人- William Wordsworth 华兹华斯 in the 19th Century, a passive romantic poet消极浪漫主义诗人,4. Climate,Maritime climate: changeable, unpredictableplentiful and steady rainfall: drizzle through half of days of a yearmoderate temperature (0C30C): Winters are not too cold; summers are not too hot Factors:Water surrounding the country（环水）Prevailing south-west winds (四季盛行的西南风) North Atlantic Drift, warm current（北大西洋暖流）Special weather shapes the special culture and the special character of Englishman.,
