全新版大学英语第4册第一单元ppt课件.ppt

Unit 1,Fighting with the Forces of Nature,Overview,The forces of nature can play a decisive role in determining the outcome of a war. Severe weather is often considered a curse, but for those facing attack it can come as a blessing. The two stories in this unit vividly illustrate the power of nature to shape the course of history.,词汇变色 （1）-course,N. (1) The plane was on course. He radioed the pilot to change course. (2) The wisest course would be say nothing. There are various courses open to us. The unexpected course of events aroused considerable alarm.Change the course of history,词汇变色（1）course,(4) The main course was roast duck.(5) The path follows the course of river. (6) To prescribe a course of antibioticsRun/take its course,Text A The Icy Defender,Structure Analysis,Detailed Learning,Structure Analysis,Argumentation + Supporting Details + Conclusion,Argumentation,Part 2,Conclusion,Part 3,Paras. 311,Para. 12-20,Part 1,Para. 21,Supporting Details,Paras. 1-2,Argumentation: the severity of Russian winter leads the failures of two military campaigns (Para. 1-2),Conclusion: the elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign (Para. 21),Hitlers military campaign (paras. 12-20),Napoleons military campaign (Paras. 3-11),Argumentation (paras. 1-2),In the passage writing, whats more important is the fluency of language. Can you find out some coherence device in the first two paras?,Coherence Device,In order to achieve the fluency of language, a mixture of writing skills will be used, such as the use of pronoun, the figures of speech, and the use of some conjunctions. He, was prepared for, was prepared for, But, was not prepared forUnequalled, mow down, a short campaign, butthe Russian winter, again.,Part I (para.1,2) introduction,(s) He was prepared for. He was prepared for.But he was not prepared forthe figure of speech:Parallelism The function of disjunctive conjunction “but”:Emphasis,Parallelism (parallel structure),1. 前缀para- :侧面，平行，错误 Parameter (参数，参量）, paramilitary （准军事，辅助军事的）, paranormal, 2. para-构词成分， 意思是保护，防护Parachute (降落伞), parasol （guess meaning) ,para-elite,Parallel Structure,The definition in A Dictionary of Literary Terms: It consists of phrases or sentences of similar construction and meaning placed side by side, balancing each other. (平行排列两个或两个以上结构相同或相似、意义相关的短语或句子）。 英语中这种修辞手段是为了增强语言的气势，突出表达的力量，抒发强烈的情感。排比是表现力非常丰富、使用频率颇高的修辞方式。,Detailed Learning,Can you analyze Hitlers psychology?,Active Expressions (1),In English, you may find some expressionsformed by very common words, but theyare active and powerful.Whats on at the cinema tonight? 今晚电影院上演什么？Whats he up to? 他忙什么呢？,Active Expressions,In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, the many victories they enjoyed led them to believe that anything was possible, that nothing could stand in their way.,Active Expressions,In the case of : as far as. Is concerned,Stand/get/be in the way: prevent from doing sth.,Translation,对于小电影而言，利率的上调是灾难性的。2. 一旦真的发生火灾，许多人就不知所措，不知道该干什么好了.3. 激烈的竞争不断的妨碍他们的发展。4. 很多老师抱怨他们在教学方法上无法进步，是因为现存的考试体系不不给力。,Keys,The rise of interest rate will be disastrous in the case of small films.2. Many people dont know what to do in the case of fire.3. Fierce competition keeps getting in the way of their development.4. Many teachers complain that they cant make any improvement as the existing exam system is in the way.,devastate: ruin; make desolate,(记) de (否定，除掉，去除）+vast(大量)+ate 大量弄坏破坏The loss of her family devastated her.Our Embassy was devastated by three bombs of NATO 我们的使馆被北约的三枚炸弹炸毁了。n. devastationadj. devastating,词汇变色(2)-raw,adj. 1. FOOD, not cooked These fish are often eaten raw. 2. METERIALS, in its natural state.Raw sugar, raw salt, 3. INFORMATION, not analyzed, This information is only raw data and will need further analysis.,词汇变色(2)-raw,4. QUALITIES 粗犷的，未经训练的Songs full of raw emotion5. PERSON new to a jobA raw beginner6. WEATHER very coldA raw north wind,launch,vt. a. start; b. send sth. on its course Beginning in the early 1960s, humans launched probes to explore other planes.这家电脑公司今年开始生产一种新产品。This computer company launches a new product this year.,collocation,launch an attacklaunch a massive campaignlaunch a company （开一家公司）launch threats at sb. launch into (开始)launch out （开始）,他开始做关于吸毒危险长篇演讲He launched into a speech about the danger of taking drugs. 她不仅想当歌星，而且开始涉足影坛。She wants to be more than a singer and is launching out into films.,Part II Napoleons Military Campaign,Find out the basic information:Time:Number:Features of soldiers:Predication:,Learn words by text-reading,Go through from para4-para11 and conclude the use of “retreat”.,The Course of War,Shortly afterwards, in August, on November, 1812, Again, in October 1812,(s) The soldiers were well trained well equipped.,Translate the following phrases：,Well-trained,Well-efficient,Well-equipped,训练有素,作战力强,装备精良,(W) efficient: adj. working well, quickly and without waste,The heating system has recently been modified to make it more efficient.雇佣未受良好训练的工人效果是不会好的。It is not efficient to hire poorly trained workers. Daily use: 节能的 energy- efficient / energy efficient,(S) Napoleon, confidentpredicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.,What is the function of “confident of a quick victory” in the sentence? It is an adjective phrase, serving as an adverbial modifier, indicating the cause. What can we infer from the sentence about Napoleons characters?He is self-confident, but too proud.,(W) conquest: conquering, defeat,Hitler badly miscalculated when he assumed the conquest of the USSR would be simple. 1939年，德国政府入侵了波兰。The year 1939 had witnessed the conquest of Poland by Germany.癌症的征服为期不远。 The conquest of cancer is imminent. iminnt,(w) decisive :producing a definite result or conclusion,The quick, decisive victory: 速决速胜The enemy was defeated in a decisive battle.果断些，确切地告诉他们你认为应该怎么做。Be decisive, tell them exactly what you think should be done.But bloodshed on the battlefield remains the decisive thing in wars.但战场上的浴血奋战仍然是决定战争胜负的事情。,(W) retreat: move back or withdraw when faced with danger or difficulty,After a fierce battle, the troops retreated southward.我们采取如下战略：敌进我退，敌退我追。We adopted the following strategies: When the enemy advances, we retreat; when they retreat, we pursue.retreat反义词advance,(P) be/become/get bogged down: be unable to make progress,The local government got bogged down in problems of how to handle the emission of hazardous chemicals by industrial facilities. 建筑工程怎样会停下来的？ How did the construction work bog down?谈判可能会停滞不前。The negotiations are likely to bog down.,The commander ordered the soldiers to engage the enemy immediately.政治家不应该参与那些可能会影响其政治判断力的商业事务。 Statesman should not engage in business affairs that might affect his political judgment.你能保证他说的是真话吗？Can you engage what he said is true?,(W) engage: begin fighting with sb.,Diction in the translation,政治家：statesman政客： politician 宣传：publicize pblisaizHer new play has attracted a lot of publicity.propaganda prpgnd,prpgnd Propagandize The anti-British propaganda gave (ie caused) much offence.,鲜艳的颜色吸引婴孩的注意。 Bright colours engage a baby s attention.工作占去他很多时间。 Work engages most of his time. 你能保证他说的是真话吗？Can you engage what he said is true?,Translation exercises: 我已经在这个旅馆里预订了一个房间。 I have engaged a room at this hotel.Better master one than engage with ten.精通一事胜于会十事。杰克和安妮订婚了。Jack and Anne are engaged.,(w) crucial: very important (followed by to),Amazingly, our soccer team won the victory in the crucial final game. 增强消费者信心是经济复苏的关键。To improve consumer confidence is crucial to economic recovery.谈判正处于一个关键的阶段。 Negotiations were at a crucial stage.理解这点至关重要。It is crucial that you understand this point.,(P) take a gamble: take a risk,I think shes taking a gamble investing all her money in stocks. 公司冒险将产品削价出售,并且一举成功。The company took a gamble by cutting the price of their products, and it paid off.,(P) press on/ahead (with): continue doing sth. in a determined way,Our school authorities are keen to press on with educational reform.You see problems as challenges, and press on with a smile.但是就算他信心不大，他除了继续做下去也别无选择。But even if he didnt feel confident, he had no choice but to press on.,(S) Napoleon offered a truce”We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us”,Paraphrase: “offer a truce” and “bide his time”“Offer a truce” means “offer an agreement to stop fighting”, and “bide his time” means “waiting patiently for a chance”.Why did the Russian czar say so?Because the Russian winter was raw, bitter, bleak and the Grand Armys supply lines moved slowly, the Russian czar was confident that they would defeat the Grand Army.,Truce：n.a state of peace agreed to between opponents,双方宣布停战以避免再有伤亡。The two sides called a truce to avoid further bloodshed.哈马斯说在以色列袭击继续时提出休战是荒唐的。Hamas says it is absurd to talk about a truce while Israeli air strikes continue.热天使这位老人暂时免受风湿病之苦。The hot weather gives the old man a truce from rheumatism(风湿症). ru:mtizm,(P) bide ones time: wait patiently for a chance,His political rivals are biding their time for an attack on his policies. 我要等待时机，这绝不是一朝一夕能解决的。Ive got to bide my time, it doesnt happen overnight.,（p) minus 4 degrees Celsius,Celsius (Centigrade) Fahrenheit frnhait 摄氏与华氏温度The temperature today is seventy degrees Fahrenheit.,(w) minus: below zero; made less by; slightly lower than the mark stated,Tomorrows temperature will be as low as minus ten degrees centigrade.20 minus 10 is 10.The gross profit of an automobile manufacturer equals the value of its car sales minus the cost of making cars.我在考试中得了B减。I got B minus in the exam.,加 plus add Five plus two equals seven. 减 minus, subtractIf you subtract 2 from 8, you get 6.乘 by , multiply 除 divided, Ten divided by two is five.,(P) drag on: move slowly and with effort; continue endlessly and tediously,The old salesman dragged on among the crowd with two big suitcases.这会还要拖延多久？How much longer is the meeting going to drag on?,(s) At the Berezina River. The swollen river.,Paraphrase the phrase “the swollen river”.The swollen river means “the rising river”.,(P) at the cost of: with the loss of,He secured his personal welfare at the cost of twenty innocent lives.The local government developed its economy, but at the cost of environment. Collocation:at any cost at all cost：不惜一切代价To try to preserve ones face at all cost. 死要面子at no cost:不花钱,(W) limp,vi. Walk with difficulty, esp. when one foot or leg is hurt; adj. lacking rigidity, lacking strength or firmness; weak or spiritlessI injured my ankle and had to limp.他一瘸一拐地走出足球场。He limped off the football field. They only met limp opposition (无力的反抗) from their rivals.,