对口高职英语总复习主谓一致ppt课件.pptx

,英语,对口升学总复习,PART01,考点解读、分析解读,从四川省近五年对口升学考试统计来看，主谓一致总是和其他考点相结合，比如倒装、从句等，这就增加了考试难度。掌握主谓一致对于做阅读理解、翻译以及书面表达都大有益处。,PART02,知识要点,一、主谓一致的定义英语句子中，主语“人称”和“数”的变化决定着谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫作“主谓一致”关系。它的变化通常依据三项原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。二、语法一致原则语法一致原则指主语和谓语在语法上保持一致。主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。即主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。如：Bob is a worker. 鲍勃是一名工人。They are driving. 他们在开车。,三、意义一致原则意义一致原则指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式，而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数，但在意义上却是复数，即“形单意复”；有的主语名词在形式上是复数，但在意义上却是单数，即“形复意单”。如：My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书要20美元太贵了。四、就近一致原则就近一致原则也称“邻近一致原则”，即谓语动词与靠近的作主语的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在人称和数上保持一致。如：Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。,五、具体情况汇总1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语时，有以下两种情况。(1)如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物时(通常and连接的两个作主语的名词前都有冠词修饰)，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：He and she are both students of this school. 他和她都是这个学校的学生。The singer and the dancer are going to give us a performance.那个歌唱家和那个舞蹈演员要给我们表演。(2)如果连接两个以上的名词指同一个人或物，或者指同一概念以及由两个部分组成的物体时(通常只有and前面的名词有冠词修饰)，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：The singer and dancer is going to give us a performance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。The knife and fork is on the table.(一副刀叉，西餐餐具，视为一个整体)刀叉在桌子上。,2. 如果主语是不定式，动词ing形式或主语从句，则谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：When he is coming seems very important. 他什么时候要来看起来很重要。Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好。To love her is not to break her wings. 爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。3. 定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。如：Those who enjoy singing may join us. 那些喜欢唱歌的人们可能加入我们。Tom, who is your friend, should help you. 你的朋友汤姆可能会帮你。4. 如果句子中有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including, as well as等连接词和主语连用，则谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。如：,The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street.老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。Nobody but Tom and Bob was there. 只有汤姆和鲍勃在那里。No one except my parents knows anything about it. 除了我父母，谁也不知道这件事。The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car.这个姑娘和男孩子一样也学会了开车。5. either . or ., neither . nor ., not only . but also ., whether . or .在句中连接主语时或在there be句型中，谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。如：Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table. 桌上有一杯茶和一些苹果。Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 学生和老师都盼望假期。,6. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语时，可根据这些代词的指代意义或它们后面的名词单复数来确定谓语的单复数。如：All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。None of the money is left. 没有剩下一点钱。None of the students is/are there. 没有学生在那里。7. the rest of, half of, part of, majority of, percent of, one third of在句中加名词作主语时，谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。如：Half of the students have finished their composition.一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Half of the apple is bad. 苹果的一半坏了。About 60 percent of the students in our school are boys.我们学校大约百分之六十的学生是男生。,8. 集合名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可以用复数形式，主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；指全体人员时，谓语动词则用复数形式。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group等。如：His family are going out. 他们全家要外出。The Blacks is a lovely family. 布莱克一家是可爱的一家。9. 某些名词如people, police, cattle等，形式上是单数，但意义上却是复数，谓语动词应用复数形式。people指“民族”时例外。如：The police are searching for a thief. 警察们正在缉拿窃贼。The cattle are eating grass on the hill. 牛群正在山坡上吃草。,10. 复合不定代词someone, somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Someone is looking for you. 有人正在找你。Nothing is found in the room. 屋子里什么也没找到。11. 某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等，通常只用其复数形式。但当它们被a pair of 修饰时，谓语动词与pair一致。如：The pair of shoes is worn out. 这双鞋破了。The shoes are worn out. 鞋子破了。12. 某些以s结尾的名词如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics等作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式。如：Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一门很有趣的学科。News of victories keeps pouring in. 捷报频传。,13. every . and every ., each . and each ., no . and no .连接的单数名词在句中作主语时，谓语动词常使用单数形式。如：Each man and each woman is asked to attend. 男女都要出席。Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 班级中的每个男孩和女孩都很用功。No sound and no voice is heard. 听不到任何声音。14. a number of 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式； the number of 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：A number of new books are on the desk. 许多书在桌子上。The number of students in your class is 50. 你班学生的人数是50。,15. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样，作主语时，其谓语动词形式由上下文决定。这一类名词有means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。如：Not every means is useful. 不是每种方法都好使。Not all means are useful. 不是所有方法都好使。16. many a, more than one与单数名词组成的短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Many a boy has seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。More than one answer is possible. 答案不止一个。17. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：Thirty years is not a long time. 三十年不是很长。Roots is a famous American novel. 根是著名的美国小说。,18. a/this kind/sort/type of 名词，无论名词是单数还是复数，谓语动词都用单数形式；this kind of apples相当于apples of this kind或these kinds of apples(口语)，后面两个的谓语动词用复数形式。all kinds of后跟复数名词，且谓语动词用复数形式。如：This kind of apples sells well.Apples of this kind sell well. 这一类苹果很畅销。19. 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Between the two windows hangs a picture. 两扇窗户之间挂了一幅画。20. “分数或百分数of名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/a large quantity of/a heap of/heaps of/half of名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词的数保持一致。因为短语后面的名词是中心词，而短语前面的量词是修饰语。如：Lots of damage was caused by fire. 很多损失是由火灾造成的。About three fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.地球表面的四分之三被水覆盖。Three fifths of the workers here are women. 这里五分之三的工人是妇女。,21. a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如：A large quantity of people is needed here. 这里需要大量的人。Quantities of food were on the table. 桌上有大量的食物。注：短语in quantity, in large quantities 意为“大量”； in small quantities 意为“少量”。22. population作主语时，谓语动词用单数。但当有分数、百分数修饰时，谓语动词则要用复数形式。如：The population of Sichuan is increasing fast. 四川的人口增长很快。Two thirds of the population here are farmers. 这里三分之二的人是农民。,23. one of后跟复数名词作主语时，实际主语是one，谓语用单数。如：One of the boys is her brother. 其中一个男孩是她弟弟。注：one of后面的复数名词带有定语从句时，先行词是其后的复数名词，定语从句的谓语应用复数。如：This is one of the students who were praised by the teacher. 这是被老师表扬的学生之一。如果one of 前面有the only 修饰时，则one是先行词，这时定语从句的谓语应用单数。如：He is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher.他是唯一被老师表扬了的学生。,24. 主语由“the形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。这类词有 the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dub, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等。表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示抽象概念或指一个人时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：The blind study in special school. 盲人在特殊的学校学习。The departed was a wellknown engineer. 死者是一个著名的工程师。The rich are not always happy. 富人并不总是快乐的。The good is not always beautiful. 好的东西并不都是美的。,PART03,典例解析,()1. The boy with his two dogs _ when the earthquake happened.A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are sleeping【点拨】当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致；根据happened可知主句时态为过去进行时。()2. Reading aloud _ very important for us to learn languages.A. is B. are C. am D. be【点拨】动词不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词需用单数形式。,C,A,()3. (2015年对口升学考试)Look! At the foot of the hill_ our new school building.A. stand B. standsC. standing D. stood【点拨】倒装句中的主语是our new school building；根据look判断时态。所以选stands。()4. The number of countries supporting China to enter the World Trade Organization(WTO) _ increasing.A. was B. were C. are D. is【点拨】the number of 意为“的数量”，谓语动词用单数形式；根据句意可知应用现在进行时。,B,D,()5. (2016年对口升学考试)Visitors _ to be as quiet as possible in the hall.A. are asking B. are askedC. ask D. asks【点拨】visitors是复数，可排除D，根据句意可知要用被动语态。,B,PART04,同步精练,()1. Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _to go to university.So do I.A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped【解析】 each of ., neither of ., either of .等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。故选B。()2. Neither you nor he _ wrong.A. are B. is C. be D. isnt【解析】 neither . nor .作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。故选B。,B,B,()3. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _absent for different reasons.A. were; was B. was; wasC. was; were D. were; were【解析】 the number of .意为“的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；a number of .意为“大量的”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。故选C。()4. Either you or the headmaster _the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.A. is handing out B. are to hand outC. are handing out D. is to hand out【解析】 either . or . 作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则；根据句意可知应用一般将来时。故选D。,C,D,()5. When and where to build the factory _yet.A. hasnt been decided B. arent decidedC. hasnt decided D. havent decided【解析】 “并列的疑问词不定式短语”作主语时，若是同一动作，则谓语动词用单数形式；若并列的不定式是两个概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。根据句意可知主谓是被动关系。故选A。()6. A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift.A. is offered B. has offeredC. are offered D. have offered【解析】 主语后跟with, together with, along with等短语时，谓语动词应与其前面的主语保持一致，即与a library保持一致；根据句意可知主谓是被动关系。故选A。,A,A,()7. His Selected Poems_in 1995.A. was first published B. were first publishedC. has been first published D. had first been published【解析】 以s结尾的国名、书名、团体、机构、学科等名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。故选A。()8. Every means _to prevent the water from _.A. are used to; polluting B. get used to; pollutionC. is used to; polluted D. has been used; being polluted【解析】 means单复数同形，其前有every修饰，谓语动词用单数形式；prevent sth. from being done意为“阻止某物被”。故选D。,A,D,()9. The sick _been cured and the lost _been found.A. has; have B. have; hasC. have; have D. has; has【解析】 “the形容词/分词”表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。故选C。()10. _ the police _ the thief yet?A. Have; caught B. Has; caughtC. Had; caught D. Have; been caught【解析】 本题考查police集合名词作主语。表示集体中的各个成员，谓语用复数；主语police与谓语catch是主动关系。故选A。,C,A,()11. The public _ the best judge because the public always _ their thought.A. are; express B. is; expressC. is; expresses D. are; expresses【解析】 前一个public表示集体、整体，谓语动词用单数形式；后一个public表示个体，即公众中的每一个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。故选B。()12. He is the only one of the children who _ ill of others behind their back.A. speaks B. speakC. is spoken D. says【解析】 “the (only) one名词复数”后面的定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式；speak ill of . 意为“说坏话”。故选A。,B,A,()13. Happiness and success _ on ourselves.A. depend B. dependsC. is depended D. are depended【解析】 用and或both . and . 连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。故选A。()14. In the hotel, the bread and butter _ for breakfast.A. is served B. are servedC. serves D. serve【解析】 the bread and butter 意为“黄油面包”，是一种食物的名称，谓语动词用单数形式；主语the bread and butter与谓语serve是被动关系。故选A。,A,A,()15. My brother and sister each _ own ideas.A. has their B. have hisC. have their D. has her【解析】 主语是my brother and sister，指两个人，each只作同位语，所以谓语动词用复数形式。故选C。()16. What he said and did _ not agree.A. does B. doC. is D. possible【解析】 what he said and did是两件事，谓语动词用复数形式。故选B。,C,B,()17. More than 90 percent of the watches on sale _ourselves.A. are made of B. are made up ofC. is made by D. are made by【解析】 主语为“百分数of名词”时，谓语动词应与of后的名词保持一致；be made by意为“由制造”。故选D。()18. Some person _ waiting for you at the gate.A. will B. hasC. are D. is【解析】 some表示“某一”时，后面跟可数名词单数，谓语动词用单数形式。根据句意，故选D。,D,D,()19. Three fourths of the buildings _ destroyed.A. was B. isC. were D. has been【解析】 “分数of名词”作主语时，谓语动词由of后面的名词决定。故选C。()20. What _ the population of your city?It has a population of 1 million. One third of the population _ workers.A. are; is B. are; areC. is; are D. is; is【解析】 population作主语时，谓语动词用单数；但当有分数、百分数修饰时，谓语动词则要用复数形式。故选C。,C,C,()21. Generally speaking, twenty miles _ a long way to cover.A. was B. isC. are D. were【解析】 时间、金钱、距离、重量等概念的词作主语时，应将其视为整体，谓语动词用单数形式；根据句意可知应用一般现在时。故选B。()22. Nearly 60 percent of the students in our class _ boys.is B. are C. was D. have【解析】 “百分数of名词”作主语时，谓语动词由of后的名词决定。故选B。,B,B,()23. Mathematics _ the language of science.A. is B. has beenC. are D. have been【解析】 以s结尾的学科名称作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。根据句意，故选A。()24. Between the two hills _ a deep river.A. are B. haveC. has D. is【解析】 本题考查完全倒装句。句子的主语为a deep river，谓语动词用单数形式。故选D。,A,D,()25. Mary is one of the girls who _ always on time.is B. am C. are D. was【解析】 “one of名词定语从句”，从句中的谓语动词用复数形式。故选C。()26. Tom is the only one of the members who _ going to be promoted.A. is B. areC. has been D. have been【解析】 “the only one of名词定语从句”，从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。故选A。,C,A,()27. Early to bed and early to rise _ a man healthy, happy and wise.A. making B. to makeC. make D. makes【解析】 early to bed and early to rise意为“早睡早起”，看作一个整体，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。故选D。()28. The news _ exciting. We got excited at it.A. is B. areC. were D. was【解析】 news以s结尾，但它是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；根据后面的句子可知应用一般过去时。故选D。,D,D,()29. _ is to attend our evening party.A. Both the singer and the dancer B. Either the singer or dancersC. The singer or dancers D. The singer and dancer【解析】 因为谓语动词是is，所以选the singer and dancer，表示一个人。故选D。()30. The Smiths _ their breakfast when the morning post came.A. had B. has been havingC. are having D. were having【解析】 “the姓氏复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由came可知主句时态为过去进行时。故选D。,D,D,()31. There a pen and two pencils _ in the box.are B. is C. were D. was【解析】 There be 句型，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。故选B。()32. Not only my brothers but also my father _ watching football match.is liking B. are liking C. likes D. like【解析】 not only . but also . 连接并列主语，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。故选C。,B,C,()33. Look！Here _ your e B. comes C. is coming D. come【解析】 here, there开头的倒装句，动词的数与后面的主语保持一致。故选B。()34. We dont have a long way to go, a pair of shoes _ enough.are B. be C. is D. being【解析】 a pair of表物的名词复数作主语，谓语用单数。故选C。,B,C,()35. A couple of teenagers _ planning to steal the golden apple at that time.was B. were C. is D. are【解析】 “a couple of名词复数”作主语，相当于a few，谓语动词用复数形式；根据时间状语at that time可知应用一般过去时。故选B。()36. In our country the old _ well by their children.A. take care B. are taken care ofC. are taken care D. took care of【解析】 “the形容词或分词”作主语指一类人，谓语用复数；根据at that time可知时态为过去进行时。故选B。,B,B,()37. Many a student _ visiting a museum when the fire happened.was B. were C. is D. will be【解析】 “many a单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；根据后半句的时态可知前半句应用过去进行时。故选A。()38. The professor and writer _ coming to give us a speech on Chinese history.are B. is C. has D. have【解析】 and 连接两个名词指同一人，谓语用单数。故选B。,A,B,()39. All the teachers except Miss Li _ to work after school on Tuesdays.have B. has C. had D. will have【解析】 主语后面跟except 短语时，谓语与主语的人称和数保持一致。故选A。 ()40. The audience _ to be in their own seats in the theater.A. request B. are requestedC. requests D. is requested【解析】 audience 观众， 集合名词，指所有成员时，谓语用复数；主语audience与谓语request是被动关系。故选B。,A,B,THANKS,