跨文化交际实用教程unit3 熊萍萍ppt课件.ppt

Unit 3,Daily Verbal Communication (II),2,Objectives,Learn the social functions of compliments and compliment responsesLearn the differences between Chinese and English compliments /compliment resposesLearn the different expressions of gratitude and apology in English and Chinese,3,CONTENTS,I. Warm-up cases II. Detailed Study:Social functions of complimentsCompliments and compliment responsesDifferences between Chinese and English complimentsCommon response formulas of English and Chinese complimentsExpressions of gratitude and apology in English and Chinese III. Case Study IV. Summary V. Assignments,4,Case 1. An Invitation to Dinner,I. Warm-up cases,Question : If you were the director and chosen to mediate this situation, what would you do to ensure not to offend either party? How would you explain Barts behavior to Manual? How would you explain Manuals to Bart?,5,Case 2. The Cancellation of the Dinner Party,Comment:,1.In New Zealand, a friend can openly provide constructive criticism. If Stan did not make such suggestions to a friend in his country, the friend would be angry that Stan did not help him when he had the chance. 2.In Philippines, a person cannot be a friend and a critic at the same time , or at least not in public. Stan should find some other way (acceptable to the Filipinos) to voice his comments.,6,Case 3 Why should they do like this?,Comment:1.The British people maintain their etiquette and social manners even when they are very excited. 2.The Filipino couple did not introduce their Filipino friend to him 3.The Filipinos were talking in their own native language. No doubt the British felt left out, which is unacceptable and rarely occurs on social occasions in Britain.4.When immigrants meet in a foreign country, they tend to take no notice of their surroundings/people around, which is considered to be rude and requires attention.,7,II. Compliments,Social functions of complimentsB. Compliment and compliment responsesC. Differences between Chinese compliments and English compliments (semantic formula and syntactic formula)D. Common response formulas in English and Chinese E. Different cultural assumptions about compliment,8,Work in groups to discuss the social functions of ComplimentsEg. greeting people, .,Social functions of compliments,9,On behalf of all your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous for throughout the world. I particularly want to pay tribute, not only to those who prepared the magnificent dinner, but also to those who have provided the splendid music. Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land. -by President Nixon at a welcoming party in his 1972 visit to China Q: What is the social function of Nixons compliment?,Case 1,10,(A boss meets his young female employee in the morning)A: Well, you look good today. You have such nice clothes.B. Thank you. I have had this for a while.(Two acquaintances meet in the street)A: Hi, Pat. How are you doing? You look nice.B: Thanks, Anne. So do you.,More Cases,11,A: Thanks for the Christmas present you sent me. Its so nice and just what I needed.B: Im glad you like it.(Two friends decide to make up after a quarrel. One comes to the apartment of the other.)A: Hi, Mary. How are you?B: OK. How are you?A: Im fine. (pause)B: Oh, this vase is really pretty, when did you get it?,12,Social functions of compliments,1.To create or reinforce solidarity2. To greet people3. To express thanks or congratulations4. To encourage aging people5. To soften criticism6. To start a conversation7. To overcome embarrassment,13,Positive Functions of Compliments,Its a good manner to compliment others. A sincere compliment is always a welcome boost to someones day. It helps open up conversations, give people a lift, and raise ones self-esteem,14,It takes confidence and self-esteem to notice good things about others and to make the first caring move to tell them about it Youll also find when you start noticing good things about people, youll notice more good things about you too! And the more you do, the more your own self-esteem will grow.,-Raises Your,Self-Esteem,Giving Compliments,15,Think about it,How often do you compliment the others?How do you feel when you are complimented? How do Chinese/English speakers respond to compliments?,16,Work in Pairs to act out the following two cases:A young Chinese woman in the U.S. was complimented by an American woman for the lovely dress she was wearing: “Its exquisite. The colors are so beautiful!” She was pleased but somewhat embarrassed. In typical Chinese fashion, she replied, “Oh, its just an ordinary dress I bought in China.”,17,b. At a reception at an American college, Mr. Chen, a newly-arrived Chinese scholar, was chatting with the hostess. As an acquaintance of the hostess approached, she said, “Ron, let me introduce Mr. Chen, an outstanding physicist and one of the nicest people I know.” Mr. Chen offered his hand to the newcomer but looked at the hostess and said with a smile, “Should I blush, or should I tell him you dont really mean it?”,18,Discussion1. In both cases, what message is conveyed by the words of the Chinese?2. What is the intention/implication of the Chinese?,19,Discuss how you would respond in the following situations and act them out.A foreign visitor was looking at the hosts potted flowers with obvious admiration. The plants were blooming profusely. The host remarked diffidently, “ Growing flowers is my hobby, but Im not much good at it.”A Canadian asked a Chinese art teacher to look over an article that she had written about Chinese paintings. He agreed, but added that “I really know little about the subject.”,20,Compliments and compliments responses,Fishing for compliments“Growing flowers is my hobby, but Im not much good at it” -“But these flowers are beautiful”“ I wish I could do as well!”,21,Fishing for compliments,“ I really know little about the subject.”-“Well, I certainly dont know anybody who knows more than you do!”,22,Chinese compliments,China is an old country with five thousand years culture and civilization and known for its etiquette.,23,Influenced by the idea of Confucius, people extremely value the politeness and regard modesty as a virtue in the communication. when they communicate with others, with a polite and modest pattern, they are often considerate and unwilling to annoy others and to make others feel embarrassed.,24,要欣赏赞美别人。林肯说：人人爱听恭维的话。恭维别人，不是虚伪。恭维别人，就是肯定对方的价值。增强他的信心和勇气便于顺利交流，这是于人于己都有利的好习惯。他是改良人际关系的催化剂。学会了赞美别人，你看人的角度都发生了变化，再不会把别人看成豆腐渣了。事实上，人人都是有你值得学习和肯定的地方的。,Western compliments,25,English compliments,西方人有一种习惯，见面除谈天气以外，喜欢向对方说一些恭维话（compliment）, 表示赞美、敬意，或只是表示问候，或没话找话的搭讪。恭维话的范围很广，从人的相貌、服装、首饰，到发型、健康状况，甚至会恭维你佩戴的一只手表、一只钢笔。有人主张，听到恭维话后，只需简单地回答“Thank you.”这固然不错，然而在实际生活中，恭维话往往有许多不同情况，因此，回应也不应千篇一律。顺便说一下，恭维话必须恰到好处，不能过分，否则就变成挖苦了。,26,Differences between Chinese and English Compliments,W: It is common for a man to informally give a woman compliments on her looks or clothingC: It is taken as a kind of flirtation if a man compliments a woman,27, Chinese people compliment each other much less frequently than westerners do. Chinese people try to draw a line between compliment and flattery Chinese people interpret others positive compliments as a request for possessing something.,28,The Semantic Formula,English compliments: Adjectives VerbsThis was a great meal.You look so nice today.You did a good job.I like your haircut.I love your glasses.I really enjoyed your class,29,Chinese compliments,Adjectives adverbs verbsYour skirt is very pretty.This room is really good.Youre really an experienced teacher.You did the job very well.You treat people sincerely.I especially like the color of your blouse.You deserve being praised.,30,The Syntactic Formula,NP ADJ PRO V ADV OEnglish: NP is/looks really ADJ(53%)Your blouse looks beautiful.You are so efficient. I really like/love NPI really like your hardwood floors.Thats really a beautiful car.,31,Syntactic patterns in English complimentThree major patterns (about 80% of all compliments collected)NP be/look (intensifier) ADJ “You look really nice.”ADJ includes: nice, good, beautiful, pretty, great, wonderful, lovely (This set = 2/3 of all ADJ used in data).I (intensifier) like/ love NP “I really like that skirt.”VERB includes: like, love. enjoy, admire, be impressed byPRO be (intensifier) (a) ADJ NP “Thats really a nice coat.”Formulaic (or conventional) Language: a very limited subset of English sentence structure and vocabulary (and topics) is used to give compliments.,The Syntactic Formula,32,TopicsAppearanceclothes, hairdo (results of deliberate effort)Ability (skill)/performancea well-done job, a skillfully played game, a good mealPersonality/friendship “That was kind.”Possessions “I like your new bike.”,33,Chinese, You V ADV You did the job well. NP is ADJ Your coat is really beautiful. PRO is ADJ NP Thats a wonderful wall calendar. PRO V O You deserve being honored. I like NP I like this picture.,34,C & E,More Chinese compliments begin with “you” or “your”; while English compliments with “I”. More English compliments contain exaggerated adjectives like great, awesome, terrific, gorgeous, fabulous, smart,35,Dont praise people, only, what they do Make praise as specific as possible Avoid phony(假的) praise Avoid praise that sets up competition,How To Give A Good Compliment,36,A- Accurate: The compliment has to accurately refer to what has happened and what the person has done. B Believable: The compliment should not be an exaggeration but realistic. C Constructive: The compliment should refer to what the person wants to achieve and be useful for making progress.,37,2) Back up your compliment.Dont just stop at “that necklace looks really good on you”. Your compliment becomes stronger when you say why you think so; “that necklace looks really good on you because it matches your eyes”.,1) Make your compliment specific.“That necklace looks really good on you” makes a bigger impact compared to “you look really good today”. The more specific the better, it makes the person feel like you notice them.,38,3) Ask a question with your compliment.And if you want to use it as a conversational starter, ask a question about the subject of your compliment; “that necklace looks really good on you because it matches your eyes. Where did you find it?”.Let me say, you look terrific, your sense of style is spot-on. Are you a designer of some sort?,39,Response Formulas of E and C compliments,American English A: This is really a nice sweater. B: Im glad you like it. A: You did a good job. B: Thank you/Thanks.Chinese: A: Your sweater is very good. B: I bought it only for ten yuan. A: You did the job very well. B: Thats the result of joint efforts./Theres still much room for improvement.,40, Generally speaking, native English speakers tend to accept the compliments while the Chinese tend to efface themselves in words although they do feel comfortable about the compliments. Sometimes humorous responses could be used when with intimate friends.,41,Westerners usually accept compliments gladly.thanks. that is so kind (regarding a dress) thank you. I got it as a present.,42,People from Eastern culture try to reduce the extent of the compliment and always want to appear inferior to others.“ Your dress looks great.” No, its not. Your dress is better than mine.,43,In Chinese culture, when you are paid a compliment, it is customary to deflect转移 the compliment by speaking badly of oneself:You are very good at the piano!Well, I can only play a few songs.You did a great job!No, it was the efforts of everyone supporting me that made it possible.,44,English compliments responses,1 赞同型 （西方国家多数人听到恭维后采用这种类型的回应）（1） 接受恭维，心安理得 欣赏对方对自己的恭维 A: I really like that shirt. B: Thanks. / Thank you. / (Smile) 加以解释、评论 A: I like your long hair. B: Me, too. / Thanks, its my favorite, too. 赞美升级 A: Well, you have a great haircut. B: Thats because I have the greatest hairdresser in the world.（2） 叙述来历，不厌其烦A: I like your shoes. They are cute.B: I got these two years ago. My dress shoes wore out, so I went to the mall with $20 and got these.,45,（3） 转移目标，暗自接受恭维 不直接回答对方的恭维，而是重述一句，暗含对恭维的接受 A: Thats beautiful necklace. B: It was my grandmothers. 用同样的恭维回敬对方 A: I like your shirt, Sharon. B: Thanks, Deb. I like yours, too.2 反对型 （1） 降格，即暗示对方的恭维有不适之词 A: Hey, thats a really nice car. B: You should have seen it two years ago when it was new. It didnt have the dents (凹痕) then. (2 ) 质疑 A: Nice sweater. B: Do you really think so? / What? Are you kidding? / You like it?,46, 婉转接受，而后用though, but, well 等词引入否定含义的回应 A: You look good in a moustache. B: Yeah, but it itches. Its all right, but Leos is nicer.(3 ) 不接受 不赞成 A: Your hair looks good. B: Its too short. / I hate it.(4 ) 不置可否 （不接话茬，或沉默） A: Thats a beautiful sweater. B: Did you finish the assignment for today? / (Silence)3 其他型 （将对方的恭维当作一种要求）A: Thats a nice bike.B: Well, you can borrow it any time. / Let me know if you want to borrow it.,47,Cultural assumptions,“Ones sugar may be another ones poison”.How do think of this saying?What is “assumption”?What is “cultural assumption”?,48,Cultural Assumption,“Good” refers to ones health, appearance and manner in both E and C cultures“Losing weight” means good in E culture but not good in C culture“putting on weight” can be a compliment to Chinese but offensive to Americans,49,Case Study 1,Story: A Chinese government official went to visit an English diplomat with his wife and an interpreter. After the routine greetings, the English diplomat said to the official, “Your wife is very pretty.” The official responded, “哪里， 哪里” to deny the fact. The the interpreter translated it as, “Not at all!” The diplomat was astonished and said, “Of course she is.” Hearing this reply, the official was very annoyed, as he considered it an insult according to his own cultural background.,Q1: What do you think of the Chinese officials response to the compliment?Q2: What would your answer be to it?,50,Case Study 2,Li Hong is a new teacher in a middle school. One day, one of her Chinese colleagues, Yang Zhen, introduces her to their middle-aged expatriate teacher Maggy.,Yang : Li Hong, this is Maggy, our English teacher from America. And Maggy, this is Li Hong, our new colleague.Li and Maggy: How do you do!Maggy: Your sweater is so smart.Li: Oh, it is only an old one. I bought it last year.Maggy: Youre so young and smart. I am sure you are a good teacher.Li: No, no. I am just a newcomer. I should learn from you old teachers.Maggy looks surprised and thinks, “I am really so old?”,51,Case Study 3,Yang yang has invited a Canadian friend, Julia, to her home for a meal. Unfortunately, the occasion gets off to a rather bumpy start.,Yang Yang: Hi, Julia, welcome! Come in, come in!Julia: Thank you for inviting me. This is a lovely room.Yang Yang: My room is very samll and untidy. Please sit down and have a cup of tea. You must be tired on such a hot day.Julia: Oh, your room is