大学英语四级词汇(课堂)课件.ppt

1. tense tens a. 紧张的；拉紧的，绷紧的v. （使）拉近，（使）绷紧n.（动词的）时态e.g. The atmosphere was very tense when we heard all the mountaineers died during an avalanche. 当我们听说所有的登山队员都在一次雪崩中罹难时，气氛变得十分凝重。搭配： a tense situation/atmosphere紧张的局势/气氛 the present/past tense现在时/过去时扩展：tensely ad.紧张地，绷紧地 tension n.紧张，焦虑；紧张关系，紧张局势,1,1. tense tens a. 紧张的；拉紧的，绷,2. dense dens a.密集的，稠密的；密度大的e.g. It is not proper to build a factory in a district with a dense population.在一个人口稠密的地区建工厂是不合适的。e.g. The crowd was so dense that we could hardly move.人群密集得让我们几乎无法移动。搭配：a dense population稠密的人口 dense traffic 拥挤的交通 dense fog 大雾,2,2. dense dens a.密集的，稠密的；密度,3.density densiti n.密集，稠密；密度e.g. Iron has a greater density than wood.铁的密度比木头的密度大。The population density in the city is greater than that in the countryside.城市的人口密度比农村的人口密度大。搭配：population density人口密度 traffic density交通量 low-density housing低密度的住房,3,3.density densiti n.密集，稠密；,4.tight tait a. 紧身的；紧的，牢固的；（时间、经费等）紧的；密封的adv.紧紧地，牢牢地e.g. These shoes are too tight for me.这双鞋子我穿着太挤脚。搭配：tight dress紧身长裙 tight schedule 紧张的日程 tight security紧密的保安措施 tight money 银根紧（经济学术语）扩展：tighten v.（使）变紧，（使）绷紧,4,4.tight tait a. 紧身的；紧的，牢固的；（,5.tough a. 困难的；坚强的；坚韧的；强硬的，严格的；（肉等食物）老的，硬的；粗暴的e.g. You need to be tough to survive in a society full of competition.要在充满竞争的社会中生存就要有坚韧不拔的意志。搭配：tough plastic坚韧的塑胶 tough meat煮硬了嚼不动的肉 a tough question/policy棘手问题/强硬政策扩展：toughly ad.坚强地，结实地，强硬地 toughen v.变硬，变艰难,5,5.tough a. 困难的；坚强的；坚韧的；强硬的，严格,6. rough a.粗糙的；粗野的；混乱的；艰难的，不愉快的；粗略的e.g. Could you give me a rough idea when you will be back?你能告诉我你大概什么时候回来吗？搭配：rough hands 粗糙的手 a rough estimate粗略的估计 a rough time 艰难的时期 be rough on sb./treat sb. rough 对某人粗暴苛刻，欺侮某人 roughly speaking粗略地说，大概地说扩展：roughly ad.粗略的，大概地,6,6. rough a.粗糙的；粗野的；混乱的；艰难的，不愉,7. harsh a. 严厉的，严酷的；刺耳的，刺眼的e.g. In fairy tales, stepmothers are usually harsh to their stepchildren.在童话故事中，继母对丈夫前妻的孩子通常很冷酷。搭配：harsh colors刺眼的颜色 harsh discipline 严厉的纪律 a harsh climate恶劣的气候 a harsh punishment严厉的处罚,7,7. harsh a. 严厉的，严酷的；刺耳的，刺眼的,8.rigid a. 严格的，死板的；刚硬的，僵硬的e.g. Old men are always very rigid in their ideas.老年人的想法总是十分固执。搭配： a rigid posture/principle僵硬的姿势/ 刻板的原则 rigid support/tradition 坚定的支持/ 刻板的传统,8,8.rigid a. 严格的，死板的；刚硬的，僵硬的8,9. stiff stif a.硬的，僵直的；不灵活的；拘谨的，生硬的；艰难的，费劲的；（风等）强烈的 ad.极其，非常；僵硬地e.g. Hemp is a stiff fiber that comes from a plant that grows in both hot and mild climates.大麻是一种硬质纤维，取自一种在炎热气候和温和气候下都能生存的植物。搭配：be stiff with cold冻僵 stiff muscles僵直的肌肉 be stiff in opinions立场坚定,9,9. stiff stif a.硬的，僵直的；不灵活的；,10. solid a. 固体的；实心的；结实的；可靠的；连续的 n.固体e.g. The baby isnt old enough to eat solid foods yet.婴儿还太小，不能吃固体食物。搭配：a solid basis/foundation坚实的基础 be solid for/against一致坚决同意/反对 solid evidence确凿的证据扩展：solidify v. （使）凝固，（使）变硬,10,10. solid a. 固体的；实心的；结实的；可靠的,11. fix fiks vt. 修理；安装；安排，确定；整理； n.困境，窘境e.g. Lets fix (up) a date and place for the meeting.我们确定下聚会的日期和地点吧。短语：fix on决定，确定；使(目光、感情、注意力等)集中于 fix up安排；修理；解决fix to do sth. 决定做某事扩展：fixed a.固定的，不动的，确定的,11,11. fix fiks vt. 修理；安装；安排，确定,12. bold buld a.勇敢的；鲁莽的；粗体的e.g. The head words in the dictionary are printed in bold type.该词典的词条是用黑体字排印的。I will be bold and speak the truth.我会大胆说出事实真相。搭配：in bold type用黑/粗体字 a bold action大胆的行动,12,12. bold buld a.勇敢的；鲁莽的；粗体的,13. violent vailnt a.暴力的；猛烈的，剧烈的e.g. She was in a violent temper and began throwing things about.她大发脾气，开始乱扔东西。搭配：a violent storm猛烈的风暴 a violent quarrel激烈的争吵扩展：violently ad.猛烈地，激烈地 violence n.暴力；猛烈,13,13. violent vailnt a.暴力的；,14.fierce fis a.凶猛的，残酷的；猛烈的；暴躁的e.g. There is so much unemployment that the competition for jobs is fierce.失业情况严重，求职的竞争十分激烈。搭配：a fierce wind/storm狂风/暴雨 fierce competition激烈的竞争扩展：fiercely ad.猛烈地，厉害地,14,14.fierce fis a.凶猛的，残酷的；猛烈的,15. extreme ikstri:m a.极度的，极端的；尽头的 n.极端；最大程度e.g. His political ideas are rather extreme. 他的政治思想相当极端。 Love and hatred are extremes. 爱与恨是两个极端。短语：go to extremes走极端 in the extreme非常，极其扩展：extremely ad.极端地，非常地,15,15. extreme ikstri:m a.极度的，,16. intense intens a.强烈的；紧张的；热情的；非常的e.g. What struck Wang Zhizhi after he joined the NBA was the intense competition between the players.当王治郅加入NBA后，使他震惊的是队员间激烈的竞争。搭配：intense life/work紧张的生活/工作 intense interest/convictions浓厚的兴趣/强烈的信念扩展：intensely ad.强烈地；激烈地；热情地 intensity n. 强烈，剧烈；强度 intensify v.（使）增强，（使）加剧,16,16. intense intens a.强烈的；紧张,17. intensive intensiv a. 加强的；集中的；密集的e.g. Intensive care in hospitals is given to the seriously ill.在医院里危重病人得到加强护理。The problem was solved by intensive research.经过深入研究，问题得到了解决。搭配：make an intensive study of sth. 对某事进行深入的研究 intensive training强化训练 intensive care unit (ICU) 重症监护室 intensive reading精读扩展：intensively ad.深入地,17,17. intensive intensiv a. 加,18. extensive ikstensiv a.广大的；广泛的；大量的e.g. The event received extensive coverage in the newspapers.这次事件得到了报纸的广泛报道。搭配：an extensive view广阔的视野 extensive reading泛读 extensive knowledge广博的知识,18,18. extensive ikstensiv a.广,19. extend ikstend vt.延伸；扩大；给予vi. 延伸；伸展；延续e.g. They extended the railway to the next town.他们把铁路延伸到了下一个城镇。搭配：extend credit提供贷款 extend a warm welcome表示热烈欢迎 extend to/into一直持续，延伸到扩展：extension n.伸出，延伸；扩大；延期 extent n.程度；范围；长度,19,19. extend ikstend vt.延伸；扩大,20. expand ikspnd v. 扩大；膨胀；扩展e.g. The Nokia company wants to expand its market in Asia.诺基亚公司想扩大其在亚洲的市场。搭配：expand market扩大市场 expand on sth.详述某论点扩展：expansive a. 易膨胀的；广阔的 expanse n.广阔的区域,20,20. expand ikspnd v. 扩大；膨胀,21. expansion ikspnn n.扩大；膨胀e.g. The new edition is an expansion of the plan he wrote before.新版本是他以前写的剧本的扩充。搭配：the expansion of knowledge 知识的扩大territorial expansion领土扩张a companys expansion overseas公司向海外发展,21,21. expansion ikspnn n.扩,22. stretch stret vi.伸展，延续vt.拉长，伸展；使倾注全力n.伸展，延伸；延续；一段时间；一段路程e.g. I stretched to relax after a whole day in front of the computer.在电脑前工作了一整天，我伸了个懒腰放松一下。The desert stretches for hundreds of miles.沙漠绵延数百英里。短语：as a stretch不停地，连续地搭配：at full stretch竭尽全力 stretch for the impossible勉强做那些做不到的事情,22,22. stretch stret vi.伸展，延续2,23. diverse daiv:s, div:s a.不同的，相异的；多种多样的e.g. There are diverse dialects in the Chinese language.汉语有各种不同的方言。搭配：people from diverse cultures来自不同文化背景的人 diverse interests广泛的兴趣扩展：diversify v.（使）不同，（使）变得多样化 diversity n.多样性 divert v.使转向；转移；转移的注意力；,23,23. diverse daiv:s, div:s,24. impact impkt n./v.影响，作用；冲击，碰撞e.g. The entry into WTO will have a great impact on China.入世将给中国带来巨大的影响。These costs will impact on our profitability.这些成本费用将会影响到我们的利润率。搭配：have/make a (great, far-reaching, etc.) impact on对 有/产生（重大的，深远的等）影响,24,24. impact impkt n./v.影响，作,25. influence influns n.影响（力）；有影响的人或事；势力，权势 vt.影响e.g. Stars have great influence over their fans.明星们对其崇拜者很有影响力。搭配：have influence on/upon/over sb./sth.对某人/某事有影响（力）under the influence of 在的影响下influence sb. to do sth.影响某人做某事扩展：influential a.有影响的，有权势的,25,25. influence influns n.影响,26. affect fekt v.影响e.g. The slight change of weather can affect her delicate health.她体质弱，天气稍有变化就受到影响。搭配：be affected by受的影响 affect ones attitude/thinking/decision 影响某人的态度/思想/决定扩展：affection n.喜爱，爱情，爱慕之情,26,26. affect fekt v.影响26,27. effect ifekt n.结果，效果；效力；作用 vt.实现，使生效，引起短语：bring/carry/put into effect实行，实现，使 生效 come/go into effect实施，生效in effect 实际上，实质上 take effect生效，起作用注意：effect作动词时并不表示“影响”，而是表示“实现，引起”，如：We have tried our best to effect a reconciliation between the two parties.我们已尽最大努力希望促成双方和解。,27,27. effect ifekt n.结果，效果；效力,28. effective ifektiv a.有效的，生效的，起作用的；给人印象深刻的；实际的，事实上的e.g. The government has taken effective measures to reduce unemployment.政府采取了有效措施以减少失业人数。搭配take effective measures采取有效措施be effective on 对有效应，对起作用扩展：effectively ad.有效地，有力地反 ineffective a.无效的；工作效率低的,28,28. effective ifektiv a.有效的,29. efficient ifint a. 效率高的；有能力的e.g. Efficient management is one of the factors which will lower production cost.高效的管理是减低生产成本的因素之一。搭配：efficient methods经济而有效的方法an efficient worker 能干的工作人员be efficient at ones job胜任工作扩展：efficiency n.效能，效率，功效 efficiently ad.有效率地，有效地,29,29. efficient ifint a. 效率,30. valid vlid a.有根据的；有效的；有法律效力的e.g. Is your passport valid for travel in Europe?你的护照在欧洲旅行有效吗？搭配：a valid excuse正当的理由a valid contract法律上有效的合同a ticket valid for a week有效期为一周的票扩展：反 invalid a.法律上不承认的，无效的,30,30. valid vlid a.有根据的；有效的；,31. fruitful fru:tful a. 多产的，富有成效的e.g. The anonymous tip proved fruitful, as the suspect was captured. 匿名悬赏取得了成效，因为嫌疑人被抓住了。搭配： a fruitful meeting/discussion富有成效的会议/讨论a fruitful writer 多产的作家a fruitful mind富有创造力的头脑a fruitful career成功的事业,31,31. fruitful fru:tful a. 多产,32. sufficient sfint a. 足够的，充分的e.g. Nowadays a week is sufficient to travel abroad.如今一个星期足够到国外旅行了。搭配：sufficient food/money/time足够的食物/足够的钱/充足的时间扩展：sufficiency n. 充足，足够，足量反 insufficient a.不够的，不足的,32,32. sufficient sfint a.,33. adequate dikwit a.足够的，充足的；胜任的，适当的e.g. There is adequate rainfall for farming this year.今年农耕有充足的雨水。Your work is adequate but Im sure you could do better. 你的工作做得不错，但是我肯定你还能做得更好。搭配：be adequate to the demand满足需求be adequate to the job能胜任工作用法：adequate表示“足够的，充足的”时，后面被修饰的名词通常不是复数名词。,33,33. adequate dikwit a.足够的,34. quantity kwntti n.量，数量e.g. I prefer quality to quantity.比起数量来，我更在乎质量。短语： in quantity大量搭配： a large/vast/great quantity of大量 的扩展：quality n.质量；品质，品德；性质,34,34. quantity kwntti n.量,35. exceed iksi:d vt.超过，胜过e.g. This months amount of deposits in the bank exceeds last months fifteen percent.该银行本月的储蓄额超过上个月15%。搭配：exceed sb./sth. in 在方面超过某人/某 事物exceed ones authority越权exceed ones expectation比某人预料的好扩展：exceedingly ad.极其，非常 excess n.过量，过度，无节制；超越；a. 过量的，额外的，附加的 excessive a.过多的，过分的，过度的,35,35. exceed iksi:d vt.超过，胜过3,36. excess ikses, ekses n.过量，过度，无节制；超越；a.过量的，额外的，附加的e.g. Your parcel is too heavy and you must pay the excess postal charge.你的邮包超重，你必须付超额邮资。短语：in excess of超过 to excess过度，过分，过量搭配：run/go to excess 走极端 with a large excess of超量的,36,36. excess ikses, ekses n,37. critical kritikl a.决定性的，关键性的，危急的；批评的，批判的e.g. Your help was critical for us in the emergency.在那种危急的情况下，你的帮助对我们来说是很关键的。Why are you so critical of my performance?你为什么对我的表现这么挑剔？搭配：a critical time/moment紧要关头at a critical stage处于关键期be critical of sb./sth.对某人/某事爱批评扩展：critically ad.批判地，危急地critic n.批评家，评论家criticism n.批评，批判；评论；批判主义criticize vt.批评，批判；评价，评论,37,37. critical kritikl a.决定性,38. crucial kru:l a.至关重要的，决定性的e.g. The success of this negotiation is crucial to the development of the company.这次谈判的成功对公司的发展至关重要。搭配：be crucial to/for对是至关重要的a crucial moment决定性时刻a crucial decision极其重要的决定扩展：crucially ad.关键地，决定性地,38,38. crucial kru:l a.至关重要的,39. significant signifiknt a.重要的，意义重大的；相当数量的e.g. There is a significant increase of crime in that country.那个国家的犯罪率显著增长。搭配： play a significant role/part起重大作用a significant rise in profits利润的客观增长扩展：significance n. 意义，含义；重要性significantly ad.意味深长地；值得注目地反insignificant a.不重要的，无意义的,39,39. significant signifiknt,40. large l:d a.大的；（数量）多的e.g. Two of the escaped prisoners are still at large.两个逃犯仍逍遥法外。短语：at large逍遥法外地，自由地；详尽地by and large大体上，总的来说搭配：a large amount of 大量的on a large scale大规模地扩展：largely ad.大部分，主要地,40,40. large l:d a.大的；（数量）多的,