中英习语的翻译ppt课件.ppt

文化与翻译 第七讲,英语习语的翻译(二),内容提要：,一、英汉习语比较 二、英语习语的译法 三、翻译英语习语应注意的几个问题 四、巩固练习,习语是民族语言中的精华。它短小精悍、寓意深刻，具有浓郁的民族文化特色。英语习语可包括成语、谚语、俗语、俚语等，其结构既有短语、又有分句、还有句子。把英语习语译成汉语首先要正确理解其含义，认识其文化特点，注意英汉习语之间的异同，然后运用正确的方法翻译。在准确地传达原习语的意义的同时，还应充分考虑到原文的浓郁民族风格-不同的文化背景、不同的思维方式、不同的文法和表达习惯。,一、英汉习语比较（一）,A.英汉习语形义全同, 这类习语为数少.B. 习语形义基本相同, 这类习语比上面一类在数量上要多些.C.英汉习语形似义异,这类习语相当多.D.英汉习语形异义似.,一、英汉习语比较（二）,A.英汉习语形义全同, 这类习语为数少，例如： Barking dogs do not bite. 吠犬不咬人。 Who is contented, enjoys. 知足者常乐。,一、英汉习语比较（二）,Misfortunes never come singly. 祸不单行。 It is harder to change human nature than to change rivers and mountains. 江山难改，本性难移。 Like father, like son. 有其父必有其子。,B. 习语形义基本相同, 这类习语比上面一类在数量上要多些，例如：,as light as a feather(or as thistle-down) 轻如鸿毛 to take a load off ones mind 如释重负 to run in the same groove; to cut from the same cloth. 如出一辙,To make a beast of oneself 形同禽兽 He that has been bitten by a serpent is afraid of a rope. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕草绳。 Shallow streams make most din. 水深不响， 水响不深。 Money makes the mare go. 有钱能使鬼推磨。 Reckless youth makes rueful age. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。,C.英汉习语形似义异,这类习语相当多，例如：,When a dog is drowning every one offers him drink. (狗若落水人人救，强调人人伸出援之手。) 救了落水狗，反咬你一口（强调好心得不到好报）,Ignorance of the law is no excuse of breaking it. (法盲犯法不可恕，强调严格执行法律。) 不知者无罪（强调网开一面） Strike while the iron is hot (强调抓住时机) 趁热打铁(着重抓紧行动) Lock the stable-door after the horse is stolen.(强调为时已晚。) 亡羊补牢（强调受到损失后想法弥补，以免再受损失。）,D.英汉习语形异义似, 例如：,A word spoken is past recalling. 一言既出，驷马难追。 Great boast, small roast.干打雷， 不下雨。 Take not a musket to kill a butterfly.杀鸡焉用宰牛刀。,as dumb as an oyster 守口如瓶to hit someone below the belt/to stab someone in the back 暗箭伤人 as weak as water 弱不禁风,E.英汉习语形义完全不同，例如：,cast ones bread upon the waters不期望报答所作之事 keep the wolf from the door免于饥饿，勉强度日,make ones blood freeze令人恐惧 have bats in the belfry头脑有点古怪 see the sun活着,二、英语习语的译法,直译直译加注法套译意译直译加意译意译加注,A. 直译,直译不仅能再现原文的意义和语言形式，还能保持其生动形象的比喻和新颖独特的表达手法， 让读者体会原习语的风采， 同时丰富汉语表达形式。象条条大路通罗马、特洛伊木马等就是通过直译进入汉语语言并成为汉语语言的一部分的。一般说来，英语习语如在形、义上与汉语习语全同或是基本相同的常可采用直译，原习语中的比喻或形象能为汉语读者所接受的有时也可以采用直译。例如：,to be armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿（该典故出自从前南美的北海岸的海盗，他们除了两手都持武器外，在牙齿间还要咬一把刀。） Time is money. 时间就是金钱（比一寸光阴一寸金流行）,to shed crocodile tears 掉鳄鱼眼泪 as cold as ice 冰冷 to trim the sail to the wind看风使帆 Too many cooks spoil the broth. 厨子多了煮坏汤。 Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。,直译法练习,：1)A rolling stone gathers no moss.(2)Knowledge is power.(3)The cold war,(1) 滚石不生苔(2) 知识 就是力量(3) 冷战,B. 直译加注法,有些习语直译后， 仍不能把原意清楚准确地表达出来， 就可采用直译加注释法。例如： a bull in a china shop 公牛闯进瓷器店肆意捣乱,to shed crocodile tears流鳄鱼眼泪假慈悲 People considered that what he had played on that occasion was no more than a Judas kiss.人们认为他在那种场合所表演的不过是犹大之吻居心险恶。,The favors of Government are like the box of Pandora, with this important difference; that they rarely leave hope at bottom. 政府的恩惠如同潘多拉的盒子，后患无穷，主要不同之处是：盒底很少留有希望。 The best fish swim (are) near the bottom. 好鱼居水底-有价值的东西不能轻易得到。 Fish begins to stink at the end.鱼要腐烂头先烂-上梁不正下梁歪。,If two ride on a horse, one must ride behind. 两人骑一匹马，总有一人坐在后面-两人参加的事只能一人为主。 The apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest. 隔墙的苹果最甜-这山看着那山高。 Dont forget to cross your ts. 写时不要忘记 t上面那一横-一言一行都不要马虎草率。,C.套译,套译就是借用汉语成语来翻译。由于文化背景不同，原文的形象有时不符合中国习俗，如直译出来寓意就会颇为费解，或原文的形象引起另一种联想，从而影响到原文意思的准确传达，这时大多可以采用套译。英汉习语形异义似时，有时可采用这种译法 。例如：,Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. 宁为鸡首，不为牛后。 Some prefer turnips and others pears. 萝卜白菜，各有所爱。（比译为有人喜欢萝卜， 有人喜欢梨更能为中国读者所理解和接受。 ）,as lean as a rail 骨瘦如柴 （如 直译为瘦得像个横杆，则不符合中国人习惯。） clean hand 两袖清风 It was by no means a bed of rose. 这决不是安乐窝。 He cries wine and sells vinegar. 挂羊头，卖狗肉。 as pale (or white) as ashes( or sheet or death) 面如土色,as red as rose 艳如桃李 as clear as daylight 洞若观火 All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill. 有情人终成眷属。 He robs Peter to pay Paul. 拆东墙补西墙。 Diamonds cut Diamonds. 棋逢对手，将遇良才。 Pay on the spot and borrow a lot; pay slow and youll get no dough. 好借好还，再借不难。,套用同义汉语习法练习,（）Strike while the iron is hot.（）To fish in troubled water .（）To add fuel to the fire .（）Misfortunes never come single.,（）趁热打铁（）浑水摸鱼（）火上浇油（）祸不单行,D. 意译,当直译原文结果会令人为费解或造成误解时，如使用套译的结果不理想，还可以采用意译。例如：,Look at the chaps in politics and business, whose whole lives were passed in skating on thin ice, and getting knighted for it. 试看那些政治上和商业上的家伙们， 他们整个儿的生活都是在风险中度过的，可是都因此封了爵。（to skate on thin ice 若直译为如履薄冰，则会产生谨慎从事的联想， 有违原意。）,to come like a dog at a whistle 一呼即来 Hitler was once as proud as a peacock. 希特勒曾是一个不可一世的家伙。 Mary and her mother are as like as two peas. 玛丽和她妈妈长得一模一样。（而不是像两颗豌豆一样相似）,英语习语中有些明喻或由于年代久远，或以讹传讹，或由于比喻与被比喻的相互关系甚为隐晦， 单从字面上难以理解， 这时就不必追求原文形式了，而要把原文深层所蕴涵的意思译出来，便于读者直接了解原文的意义。例如：,She likes to rubber-neck. 她爱问长问短。 start a hare 话离本题 to bring down the house 全场喝彩 plain sailing 一帆风顺 to show ones clean heels 逃之夭夭 to go on a wild goose chase 枉费心机 as greedy as a wolf 贪得无厌 Every bean has its black. 人皆有短处。,APEC,很多人觉得APEC新解是Air Pollution Eventually Controlled （空气污染被控制住了），其实不是，正确的解释是：A Powerful Excavator Craftsmanship（一种强大的挖掘机技术），而APEC BLUE则更好解释：一种强大的挖掘机技术蓝翔。,(1)Among so many well-dressed and cultured people the country girl felt like a fish out of water.(2) She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth.(3) Every man has a fool in his sleeve.,意译法练习,(1) 同这么多穿着体面又有教养的人在一起，这位乡下姑娘感到很不自在(2) 她生在富贵之家(3) 人人都有糊涂的时候,E.直译加意译,这种译法既能保持原文的比喻形象， 同时又能明白清楚地表达寓意。例如： laugh off ones head 笑掉了牙 break the earth 破土动工 wash off ones hands 洗手不干,There is no rose without a thorn. 玫瑰皆有刺， 乐中必有苦。（比意译的“世上没有十全十美的幸福。”简洁形象。）,Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard. 俗话说， 衣柜里面藏骷髅， 见不得人的事儿家家有。,直译兼意译法练习,（）A little pot is soon hot（）All asses wag their ears. （）Let sleeping dogs lie. (4) Every bird likes its own nest.,（）壶小易熟，量小易怒（）驴子爱摆耳朵，傻瓜装聪明（）睡狗莫惹，麻烦莫招（4）鸟爱自己的巢，人爱自由的家,F. 意译加注,有些英语习语意译成汉语时，如有必要可提供相关的背景的知识，以帮助读者加深对原习语的理解。例如： throw in the sponge 认输，投降 （注：若拳击运动员的副手把擦身用的海绵抛向空中，则表示这个运动员认输因而不进入下一轮比赛。）,pour oil on troubled waters,平息风波，息事宁人（注：传说航海遇到风浪时，若把油倒进海里，可起到使海浪平息的作用。）,open sesame,敲门砖， 过难关的秘诀（注：天方夜谈中的阿里巴巴与四十大盗故事说：一个山洞内藏有无数的金银财宝，但洞门紧闭，必须用咒语开门芝麻才能打开。）,Good wine needs no bush. 酒好客自来。（注：英国从前流行一种风俗， 人们常在商店的门口外挂某种东西作为该店经营某种商品的标志， 挂常春藤ivybush标志的常为酒店。）,三、翻译英语习语应注意的几个问题,A. 准确理解习语，切毋望文生义，弄出笑话来。B. 采用套译法时，要特别注意避免使用民族特色太浓的汉语成语来套译英语习语，否则译文在上下文中就会显得不伦不类，损及原意。 C.有些习语有多种译法，哪种译法恰当要视具体语境而定.,A. 准确理解习语，切毋望文生义。,（1）John likes to pat himself on the back. 约翰喜欢捶自己的背。（正确译法：约翰喜欢自吹。）,（2）Then it happened that I had to answer the call of nature, and, passing, I saw the risen dough, which seemed to say to me, Do it! In brief, I let myself be persuaded. 碰巧我现在得对自然的召唤作出答复（正确译法：碰巧这时我想解手），走着，我看到了发起来的面团，它好象对我说，撒吧！简单地说，我真的这么做了。,（1） It is a good horse that never stumbles. 好马也有失蹄时。（不宜译成良马不失蹄） （2） It is a good man that never stumbles, and a good wife that never grumbles. 好丈夫也有过失，好妻子也会唠叨。（不宜译成从不失足的丈夫是好丈夫，从不唠叨的妻子是好妻子） （3）It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest. 再坏的鸟也不至于弄脏自己的窝。（不宜译成弄脏自己的窝的是坏鸟雀。）,4） Time and tide wait for no man. 时光如潮水， 不等任何人。（不宜译为“时光和潮水不等人”。） （5） Of soup and love, the first is the best. 恋爱如喝汤， 头一碗最香。（不宜译为：头一次喝汤恋爱最好“。） （6）In choosing a wife and buying a sword we ought not to trust another. 择妻如选剑， 不能靠别人。（不宜译为 择妻和选剑不能靠别人。）,（7） There was never a night or a problem that could defeat sunrise or hope. 黑夜不能阻止日出， 难题无法抹杀希望。（不宜译为 “黑夜和难题无法击败日出和希望”） （8） People will be long forgetting her. 人们会长久记住她的。不宜译为 人们在很长时间内会忘记她。）,B. 采用套译法时，要特别注意避免使用民族特色太浓的汉语成语来套译英语习语。 （1） Beauty lies in lovers eyes. 情人眼里出美人。（不宜译作情人眼里出西施。） (2) Many heads are better than one. 一人不及众人计。（不宜译作三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。） (3)Never offer to teach fish to swim.不要教鱼儿游泳。(不宜译作不要班门弄斧。）,(4) Even a worm will turn. 逼人入绝境，绵羊也反抗（不宜译作“狗急跳墙”。） (5)Give a dog a bad (an ill) name and hang him. 谗言可畏（不宜译为欲加之罪，何患无辞，其本意是指一旦给人加个坏名声，他就很难洗刷掉了。）,(7) A miss is as good as a mile. 错无大小， 其错一样。 （不宜译作失之毫厘，谬以千里。） (8) have the face 恬不知耻，厚脸皮（不是有面子） (9) to pull somebodys leg 开玩笑（不是拖后腿） (10) a big fish in a small pond 山中无老虎，猴子也称王。（或： 林中无鸟雀称王。不是 小塘容不下大鱼。）,C.有些习语有多种译法，哪种译恰当要视具体语境而定。,（1）Take care of the pence, and the pounds will take care of themselves. （金钱）积少自然成多。/小事谨慎，大事自成。 （2）One swallow does not make a summer. 一燕不成夏。/轻率推论必成大错。/一关渡过并非万事大吉。,（3） Still water runs deep. 静水流深。/外表淡漠然而内心深情。/沉默者深谋。 （4）Dont cross the bridge till you get to it. 到了桥边才过桥。/不必担心太早。/不必自寻烦恼。,（5）He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好（鼓励）。/不要高兴得太早（警告）。 （6）Dont cast out the foul water till you bring in the clean. 清水未来，莫泼脏水。/新的不来，旧的莫丢。,四、翻译练习,The heart is seen in wine. He that runs fastest gets the ring. Riches have wings. Nothing is easier than fault-finding. Diamonds cut diamonds. The best of friends must part. No fire without smoke.,something is to pay a thorn in someones flesh make someones mouth water shooting from the hip drift apart shoot the cat make a belch cool ones heels cut both ways to a locked door look high and low,Kiss and be friends. Give everyone his due. Kill two birds with one stone. A young idler, an old beggar. Every bean has its black. He that promises too much means nothing. He who would hang his dog gives out first that it is mad.,Thank you,