《大自然的语言》(完美版)PPT课件.pptx

5 大自然的语言,部编本人教版八年级语文下册,1.了解物候学的有关知识，理清文章的说明顺序。(重点) 2.体会课文准确严谨、生动形象的语言，分析文中的说明方法及其作用。(难点) 3.激发热爱科学、探索科学奥秘的兴趣，培养注重观察、讲究实证的科学态度。(重点),竺可桢（18901974），字藕舫，浙江上虞人。中国科学院院士，中国近代气象学家、地理学家、教育家。他是中国近代地理学和气象学的奠基者，是中国物候学的创始人。主要著作有物候学中国近五千年来气候变迁的初步研究等。,本文是根据科学大众1963年第1期的一门丰产的科学物候学一文改写而成。竺可桢写作此文的目的在于普及物候知识，帮助困难时期的农业生产，以提高农作物的产量。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,翩然（ ） 孕育（ ） 风雪载途（ ）炎热（ ） 簌簌（ ） 物候（ ）农谚（ ） 连翘（ ） 悬殊（ ）纬度（ ） 经度（ ） 销声匿迹（ ）,pin,zi,yn,yn,hu,sh,s,yn,qio,wi,n,jn,词语解释,次第：依次。翩然：动作轻快的样子。孕育：怀胎生育，比喻既存的事物中酝酿着新事物。销声匿迹：本义是不再公开讲话，不再公开露面。这里指昆虫无声无息、无影无踪。衰草连天：很多草枯黄败落的样子。载途：满路，有遍地的意思。,周而复始：一次又一次地循环。草长莺飞：形容春天美好的情景。物候：生物的周期性现象与季节气候的关系。也指自然界非生物变化与季节气候的关系。悬殊：相差很远。观测：观察并测量（天文、地理、气象、方向等）。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,认真读课文，完成任务： 1.理清文章的结构层次。 2.文章运用了什么说明顺序。,逻辑顺序,（13） 什么是物候和物候学。 （45） 物候观察对农业的意义。 （610） 物候现象来临的决定因素。（1112） 物候观测研究的意义。,文章结构,默读第一部分，回答下列问题：,什么叫物候？什么叫物候学？,草木枯荣、候鸟来去等自然现象，古代劳动人民称之为物候。 利用物候知识来研究农业生产的科学，叫物候学。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,朗读第一段，想一想：这一段主要描写了什么内容？按照什么顺序来描写的？,以优美生动的写景笔调描写了一年四季丰富的物候现象，给读者展现了一幅四季风景画。本段是按照四季的时间顺序来写的。表示时间的词语有“立春过后”“再过两个月”“不久”“于是转入”“到了秋天”“准备迎接”等，条理清晰。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,果实成熟叶子变黄北雁南飞昆虫匿迹,衰草连天,冰雪融化草木萌发花次第开燕子归来布谷鸟来,孕育果实,大自然的语言,秋,夏,冬,春,秋天,春天,冬天,夏天,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,第2段作者举杏花、桃花、布谷鸟三个例子时采用了什么修辞方法？有什么样的表达效果？,拟人。形象生动地写活了大自然中无比丰富的物候现象。增强了文章的生动性和可读性。,默读第二部分，回答问题：,物候观测对农业有什么重要意义？,物候观测的数据反映气温、湿度等气候条件的综合，也反映气候条件对于生物的影响，比较简便，容易掌握。可以广泛地运用在农业生产上。,物候观测使用的是“活的仪器”，是活生生的生物。它比气象仪器复杂得多，灵敏得多。,这两句运用了什么说明方法？有怎样的作用？,作比较。说明了物候观测的重要特征是使用活生生的生物进行观测，并且这种观测要更复杂、更灵敏。,朗读句子，说一说：,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,快速浏览第三部分，指出第610段的说明对象，并列出其说明顺序。,说明对象：决定物候现象来临的因素。 说明顺序：从空间差异写到时间差异，由主到次的逻辑顺序，即纬度（南北）差异经度（东西）差异高下差异古今差异。对物候的影响因素纬度最大，经度次之，高下差异又次之，古今差异最次。,南京桃花盛开时,北京桃花含苞待放,纬度对物候的影响（三四月间）,经度对物候的影响,济南苹果树四月中或谷雨节开花,烟台苹果树开花要到立夏,高下的差异对物候的影响,山顶和山下的差异,古今差异对物候的影响,根据英国南部物候的一种长期记录，拿1741到1750年十年平均的春初七种乔木抽青和开花日期同1921到1930年十年的平均值相比较，可以看出后者比前者早九天。就是说，春天提前九天。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,决定物候现象来临的因素有哪些？,纬度的差异,经度的差异,高下的差异,古今的差异,主要,空间,时间,次要,阅读文章最后一部分，概括研究物候学的意义。,预报农时，安排播种日期，安排农作物区划，确定造林和采集种子的日期；引种植物到气候条件相同的地区；避免或减轻害虫的侵害；便利山区的农业发展。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,如果把文章的标题改为一门丰产的科学物候学，好不好？文章标题用“大自然的语言”有什么好处？,不好。 大自然的语言将大自然拟人化，把物侯现象说得生动而有情趣，切合读者的好奇心和求知欲望，具有启发性。,科普说明文通常是深奥难懂的，本文却简单轻松地给我们介绍了有关物候的科普知识，作者是怎样做到的呢？,首先，作者将抽象的事物尽量形象化，把丰富的、不易理解的物候现象比作“大自然的语言”，使读者容易接受。,其次，作者在行文中尽量避免使用专业术语，而用大家都能理解的词句来表达，并在阐述每一个问题时都有举例，把物候学知识介绍得一清二楚，便于读者掌握。 然后，作者大量运用优美的词语、描写性语句和修辞手法，使本来枯燥的物候科学变得生动形象。,既然自然界中的“语言”可以预测许多物候现象，那么就不需要花许多人力物力去研究测量物候现象的仪器了，你同意这种说法吗？为什么？,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,引出什么叫物候和物候学,决定物候现象来临的因素,物候观测对农业生产的重要性,加强物候研究促进农业发展,研究物候学的意义,纬度差异,经度差异,高下差异,古今差异,大自然的语言,本文说明了物候学研究的对象、物候变化的一些规律和研究物候学的意义，提倡进一步加强对物候的观测和研究，从而促进农业生产。,1.说明条理性强。,本文谋篇布局很讲究条理性。课文从具体现象入手，清晰而有条理地说明了有关物候学各个方面的知识。文章一开始从自然现象入手，说明了什么是物候，什么是物候学，接着说明物候对于农业的重要意义，并号召人们要加强物候观测。在介绍决定物候现象来临的四个因素时，作者用了“首先”“第二个”“第三个”“此外”等词语，使文章显得条理分明，既体现了说明的条理性，又体现了说明的科学性。,2.语言生动而准确。,第一段寓说明于描写之中，使用拟人、比喻等多种修辞手法，利用生动形象而又专业性的语言和诗情画意的描写，给物候下定义，更能给人深刻的印象。如“古代流传下来的许多农谚就包含了丰富的物候知识”一句中的“许多”，不一概而论，措辞严谨。说明时还列出了精确的数字，举出了确切的例子，并加以比较，体现了说明文语言的科学性。,竺可桢十五岁那年从故乡绍兴小学毕业，考进了上海澄衷学堂。在澄衷学堂，他的才学没有哪个能比得上，可是他的个头和体重，却要比同龄人矮一截，轻十来斤。他的这副单薄瘦弱的身子骨，成了同学们讥讽和嘲笑的目标。一天，在教室的走廊上，迎面走来几个同学。他们中有的对着竺可桢挤眉弄眼，有的故意大声挖苦：“好一个寒酸的小矮子，准活不过二十岁！”竺可桢十分气恼，真想针锋相对地回敬几句，但他又一,竺可桢的故事,想，谁叫我的身子骨长得这么瘦小呢！再说，一个男子汉也犯不着为一两句恶语，就跟人撕破脸皮争吵起来。晚上，竺可桢辗转反侧，心潮翻涌：我们祖国灾难深重，人民贫穷病弱，被外国人称为“东亚病夫”。现在自己也被人看不起，被骂作短命的人。既然立志要为振兴祖国出力，那就必须首先战胜自己病弱的身体！想到这里，竺可桢霍地从床上爬起来，连夜制订了一个锻炼身体的计划，还选了一条“言必行，行必果”的格言，抄贴在宿舍里，作为警钟，随时提醒自己。从那以后，竺,可桢每天鸡一啼就起床，到校园里跑步、舞剑、做操这样坚持了一段时间，竺可桢的体质明显增强了，再也没请过一堂课的病假。这时候，全班同学，包括过去讥讽过他的那些同学，都异口同声称赞他是“智体并重”的模范。,一 本文题为大自然的语言，主要是讲物候现象，你能概括一下“物候”是什么吗？,课后习题参考答案,参考答案： 自然环境中，周期性发生的各种宏观自然现象称之为物候。如草木荣枯、候鸟去来等。,二 阅读相关段落，体会课文说明事理的严密性，回答下列问题。 1.第1-3段是怎样将“物候”这一科学概念一步步引出来的？ 2.第7-10段说明物候现象来临的决定因素，采用了怎样的说明顺序？你认为这样的顺序安排是出于什么考虑？,参考答案： 1.语言，是人们用来交流思想，调节各项活动的重要工具。它本来是人类所独有的。但是，几千年来，劳动人民发现，大自然中的许多现象，如草木荣枯、候鸟去来、花香鸟语等，也能向人们传递某种消息，预报各种农事。如杏花开了，要赶快耕地；桃花开了，应赶快种谷子；布谷鸟叫了，该割麦插禾。这就好像,是大自然也在用一种特殊的语言与人交流思想一样，这些自然现象所蕴含的自然规律就是“物候”了。 2.四个因素，按影响由大到小：纬度影响最大，经度次之，高下差异又次之，古今差异最次。,三 说明事理有许多方法，如举例子、作比较、列数字、引用等。试从课文中各找出一个例子，说说其作用。,参考答案： 1.到了近代，利用物候知识来研究农业生产，已经发展为一门科学，就是物候学。（下定义。更具体、更科学、更概括的说明了什么是物候学。）,2.物候观测使用的是“活的仪器”，是活生生的生物。（打比方。把活生生的生物比作“活的仪器”，生动形象的说明了物候观测的重要性，增强了文章的趣味性。） 3.北京的物候记录，1962年的山桃、杏花、苹果、榆叶梅、西府海棠、丁香、刺槐的花期比1961年迟十天左右，比1960年迟五六天。（作比较。突出强调了物候现象对农业的影响。）,4.影响物候的四个因素（分类别。条理清楚地说明了影响物候的因素有哪些，主次关系如何。） 5.如大连纬度在北京以南约1，但是在大连，连翘和榆叶梅的盛开都比北京要迟一个星期。又如济南苹果开花在四月中或谷雨节，烟台要到立夏。两地纬度相差无几，但烟台靠海，春天便来得迟了。（举列子。更具体、更真切了说明了经度的差异也是影响物候的因素之一，使文章更有说服力。）,四 比较下列两段文字的不同特点，体会说明语言的生动性和准确性。 1.杏花开了，就好像大自然在传语要赶快耕地；桃花开了，又好像在暗示要赶快种谷子。布谷鸟开始唱歌，劳动人民懂得它在唱什么：“阿公阿婆，割麦插禾。”,2.此外，物候现象来临的迟早还有古今的差异。根据英国南部物候的一种长期记录，拿1741到1750年十年平均的春初七种乔木抽青和开花日期同1921到1930年十年的平均值相比较，可以看出后者比前者早九天。就是说，春天提前九天。,参考答案： 1.语言生动、优美。这样写既生动、形象地说明了花草鸟虫的变化规律和气候的关系，也出色地勾画了大自然的迷人色彩；既以多姿多彩的画面激起阅读的兴趣，也为下文讲解做好了充分的渲染和有力的铺垫。 2.运用举例子、作比较的说明方法，准确、,具体、有力地说明了古今差异对物候的影响，体现了说明文语言的准确性和科学性。“此外”一词说程度，表明古今差异对物候的影响是除了经度、纬度、高下差异以外居于次要地位的又一因素。“平均”一词说范围，表明文中所述的提早日期是十年的统筹情况，并非专指某一年。“七种”“十年”“九天”所指明晰，准确说明了古今差异对物候的显著影响。,五 这篇文章总结了武侯现象来临的四个决定因素。课外查找资料，或根据自己的观察、体验，为课文补充一些例证，还可以探究一下是否有其他决定因素，与同学交流。,点拨： 所列例证能说明纬度、经度、高下、古今差异是影响物候的因素即可。其他决定因素，能够说出自己的依据即可。,两个月前，在广州，看见了玉兰开花；两个月后，在北京，又看见玉兰开花。玉兰花呀，我说，你走得真慢哪！费了两个月工夫，你才到了京华。 郭沫若,1.用物候现象解释诗人这句感叹：,雨中闻蝉叫，预告晴天到。蚯蚓路上爬，雨水乱如麻。泥鳅静，天气晴。猪衔草，寒潮到。 鸡迟宿，鸭欢叫，风雨不久到。燕子低飞蛇过道，大雨不久就来到。 龟背潮，下雨兆,2.搜集几则农谚，说说它们包含的物候知识。,