非谓语动词动词ing形式ppt课件.ppt

小 结,非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时,这些动词就充当了非谓语动词。,他过马路的时候被一辆自行车撞到了。(knock down)When he was crossing the road, he was knocked down by a bike.Crossing the road, he was knocked down by a bike.,v.-ing 形式的时态和语态,否定形式 not doing,动名词做主语1.动词-ing形式做主语,谓语动词用单数。Learning new words is very important for me学习新单词对我来说非常重要。Talking is easier than doing.说比做容易。Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit.,2.it做形式主语，而动名词或动名词短语是真正主语后置，名词或形容词在句中做表语。 常见的做表语的有：no use, no good, fun, a waste of time,worthwhile 等。e.g. Is it worthwhile quarrelling with her?It was no use sending him to a hospital.送他到医院没有用。Its a waste of time arguing with him about it.和他争论这件事是浪费时间。,3.句型“There be no动词-ing形式”中做主语。There is no knowing when this might happen again.没法预料这样的事情什么时候 会再发生。There isnt any telling about what they will do.他们打算干什么无人知晓。There is no joking about such matter.这种事开不得玩笑.注意：There is/was no use/good doing. 做.无用/没有好处 There is/was no point doing.做.没有意义 There is no need to do. 做.没有必要,动名词做宾语 1.只能接动名词做宾语的动词常见的有：suggest，finish，avoid，escape, cant help(禁不住)，mind(介意)，enjoy，consider，insist, allow, risk, practise，miss，excuse，advise，keep，give up等。,1有些动词只接ing作宾语,常见 的有： enjoy consider 、escape 、 avoid stop 、give up 、 object to 、 risk admit 、 understand 、be worth mind 、 imagine 、 delay、 put off require 、 finish 、 look forward to suggest 、 keep on 、 practise cant help 、 excuse 、 insist on go on 、 appreciate 、 succeed in,喜欢考虑不逃避,停止放弃不冒险,承认理解很值得,反对想象莫推延,要求完成是期望,建议继续勤操纵,不禁原谅要坚持,继续欣赏便成功,You cant help wondering how the Egyptian were able to build pyramids. 你禁不住想知道埃及人怎么能建造这些金字塔。 The boy practised speaking English every day. 这个男孩每天练习说英语。 I suggest going for a walk. 我建议去散步。,2.动名词做介词的宾语常用的这类介词短语有：instead of，look forward to，object to，think of，dream of，hear of，feel like，succeed in，be good at，spend.in.，devote.to. , pay attention to, insist on, stick to, be used to, have difficulty/trouble(in)doing, be busy(in)doing，等。 e.g. We are looking forward to coming to China. 我们期待着来中国。,3.want，need和require这三个词后接动名词的主动形式，具有被动含义。 His clothes needed mending(to be mended) 他的衣服需要缝补。 These young trees will require looking after. 这些幼苗需要细心照料。,4.既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词A在like，love，hate，prefer，begin，start等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。e.g. We hate working with persons of this kind. 我们不喜欢和这种人共事。 We hate to work with that person. 我们不喜欢和那个人共事。,B.有些动词如remember, forget, regret,try ，stop, go on ,mean, 等后既可接动词不定式又可接动名词，但意义不同。,remember/forget/regret+ to do 表该动作未曾发生 remember/forget/regret+ doing表该动作已发生,stop to do 停止一件事去做另一件事stop doing停止做同一件事,go on to do 继续做另一件事go on doing继续做同一件事,mean to do 打算做某事mean doing意味着,try to do 努力做某事try doing 试一试,cant help doing 禁不住做某事cant help to do 不能帮助做某事 be used to doing 习惯于做某事be used to do 被用来做某事used to do 过去常常做某事,拓展,1.动词-ing形式的复合结构：在其前加上逻辑主语来强调动作的执行者，该逻辑主语是形容词性物主代词或名词所有格；当逻辑主语不出现在句首时，可用人称代词宾格或名词普通格。Do you mind my opening the window?I really cant understand you treatig her like that.My coming late made my teacher angry.,2.动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加not Not cleaning her teech made her breath smell bad.Your schoolmates not coming home on time made her parents worried.John apologized for his not being able to inform me of the change in the plan.,grammar,v.-ing形式作定语v.-ing形式作宾语补足语v.-ing形式作表语,Revision,-ing形式作主语和宾语的用法 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. Talking to him is talking to a wall. 对他说话等于对牛弹琴。 2. Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。,3. Walking is my sole exercise. 散步是我唯一的运动。 4. Talking mends no holes. （谚）空谈无济于事。 5. I suggest bringing the meeting to an end. 我建议结束会议。,6. He admitted taking the money. 他承认钱是他拿的。 7. I couldnt help laughing. 我禁不住笑了起来。8. Your coat needs brushing. 你的大衣需要刷一下。,一、-ing形式作定语1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如： drinking water = water for drinking a walking stick = a stick for walking a reading room = a room for reading,表作用或功能,boiling water =water that is boiling a developing country = a country that is developing a surprising result = a result that is surprising 一个惊人的结果,表正在进行的动作或状态,2. -ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who is standing there is Peters father.,3、如果一个及物动词作定语，既要表达进行意味，又要表达被动意味时，可用现在分词的被动语态。例如：The meeting being held is very important. 正召开的会议很重要。The skyscraper being built is still higher than that built the year before last.正在建的那幢摩天大楼比前年建的那幢还高。,重点把握：having done(现在分词的完成时态)表示该动作先于另一个动作，现在分词的完成时态永远不能作定语。,二、-ing形式作宾语补足语 1. 1) 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，强调动作的主动，正在进行或表示一种状态。如： When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。,We found the snake eating the eggs. 我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。 I found a bag lying on the ground. 我发现地板上放着一个包。 The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 那老板让工人整夜地工作。,2）当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。如： They found the result very satisfying. = The result is found very satisfying. 这个结果很令人满意。,They heard him singing in the next room. = He was heard singing in the next room. 有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。We mustnt keep them waiting.= They mustnt be kept waiting. 千万不能让他们等。,2. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词: 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, watch,look at, listen to等。如：e.g.We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. Can you smell anything burning? Listen to the birds singing.,I wont have you doing that. This set me thinking.Im sorry to have kept you waiting. I cant get the clock going again.You wont catch me doing that again.你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。,2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：,3.介词with后也可接动词-ing形式作宾补，此时with后的宾语是动词-ing形式动作的发出者。,With the boy leading the road, we could get the place easily.,4. see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别： We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment. 我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。 We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment. 我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。, 前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如:,三、-ing形式作表语 1. -ing形式作表语时，放在系动词be, become, get(变得), look(看起来), seem, appear(似乎), sound (听起来), feel (摸起来), keep等之后。 e.g. Her hobby is painting. My job is looking after the children. It sounds interesting. The book seems boring.,2.动词ing形式做主语和表语应遵循对称原则，即主语用动词ing形式时，表语也用动词ing形式。 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。,Exercises,Point out the usage of the ing form. 1. Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin, bumping into someone else round a corner, or falling down a hole in the road? sliding, bumping, falling 作宾语补足语,2. He became famous for using a particular form of acting, including mime and farce. using 作介词for的宾语 including作状语,3. But he was lived by all who watched the films for his determination in overcoming difficulties and being kind even when people were unkind to him. overcoming作介词宾语,4. That was the problem facing Charlie Chaplin in one of his most famous films. facing 作定语 5. He loved it by using nonverbal humor. using 作介词宾语,6. Their job is “panning for gold”. panning 作表语 7. Finally he tries cutting and eating the bottom of the shoe. cutting, eating 作宾语,Not that Charlies own life was easy! He was born in a poor family in 1889. His parents were both poor music hall performers. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially when the family income was often uncertain.,Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother. By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in England. He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. No one was ever bored watching him -his subtle acting made everything entertaining.,Please read the sentences carefully, trying to pick out the errors and then correct them. 1. I am looking forward to visit Charlie Chaplin Museum in Switzerland next week.,visiting,2. Many people still enjoy seeing Charlie Chaplins silent films. 4. Charlies nonverbal humor often makes people bursting with laughter.,burst,5. We are all fond of Charlies early films, which we think are more interested. 6. I missed to see the beginning of the film City Lights the other day. 7. I wouldnt mind to see The Gold Rush again with you tonight.,interesting,seeing,seeing,8. Charlies job was entertain people, wasnt he?,entertaining,从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。,1. Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run,2. Tell Mary that theres someone _ for her at the door. A. waiting B. waited C. waits D. to wait,3. The _ waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.”A. smiling B. smiled C. smile D. to smile,4. A phone call sent him _ to the hospital. A. hurry B. hurrying C. to hurryD. hurried,5. Do you know the boy _ under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying,6. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed,7. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired,8. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls _ in all directions before he was sent _ by his wife. A. flying; to sleep B. flying; sleeping C. to fly; to sleeping D. to fly; to sleep,9. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _ but the door _. A. being on; shut B. burning; shutting C. burning; shut D. on; shutting,10. As is known to us all, traveling is _, but we often feel _ when we are back from travels. A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring C. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired,11. The woman found it no good _ her daughter too much money. A. giving B. being given C. given D. gave,12. As the stone was too heavy to move, I left it _on the ground. A. laying B. lay C. lying D. lain,13. Johns bad habit is _ without thorough understanding. A. read B. being read C. to be read D. reading,Unit 4,Body languageGrammar,2.动词-ing形式的作用： 观察下列例句，思考划线部分作用。 (1) This is an interesting book. ( ) (2) The man sitting by the window is our maths teacher. ( ) (3) Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up. ( ) (4) I saw the boy walking on the stree yesterday. ( ) (5) Playing football is his favotire sport. ( ) (6) I didnt stop working last night. ( ) (7) My work is teaching English. ( ),定语,定语,状语,宾补,主语,宾语,表语,归纳总结：动词-ing是_中的一种，单独使用时，能在句中做除_之外的任何其他句子成分。如：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补等。在语态上，动词-ing表示_（主动/被动的动作。在时间上，动词-ing一般表示_（正在进行/已经完成）的动作。,动词非谓语形式,谓语,主动,正在进行,动词-ing在语法功能上相当于动词、形容词和副词。现在分词通常和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。但要注意它地各种形式变化：,主动形式 被动形式 doing being done having done having been done,动词-ing做状语,一般式,完成式,否定式 not doing,现在分词作状语,现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。现在分词作状语，常常用来表示原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。现在分词一般不用作表目的状语（通常用不定式表目的地状语）。,When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.= Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.,While he was waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.= Waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.,1）表时间状语,2) 表原因状语 Because he was ill, he didnt go to school. = Being ill, he didnt go to school.,Since you are a student, you should study hard.= Being a student, you should study hard.,As I thought he might be at home, I called him. = Thinking he might be at home, I called him.,3)表方式、伴随情况的状语 ：作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是主语的一个 动作，或是与谓语所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生，或是对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步的补充说明。,He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.= He sat on the sofa, watching TV.,他们笑着谈着走进了教室。,_, they went into the classroom.,他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。,He stood _the wall.(He stood and leaned against the wall.),Laughing and talking,leaning against,4) 表结果 (顺其自然的结果）Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.= Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.,全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎地歌曲。,The song is sung all over the country,_.,making it the most popular song,5)表条件,If you use your head, you will find a way.= Using your head, you will find a way.,一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。,_, you will see a white house.,Walking ahead,观察下列2个句子, 体会having done与doing的不同的用法(1) Having written the letter, John went to the post office.(2) Seeing the beautiful sight, the children felt excited. 总结: ,V-ing,doing,having done,表动作有先有后,表动作同时发生,一般式,完成式,Exercise1:1). _ the child to bed, she began to correct the students homework.A. Sending B. Being sent C. Sent D. Having sent2). Be careful when / while _ (cross)the street.3). _ ( 听到这个消息) , we got excited.,crossing,Hearing the news,Exercise2: 1).她被蛇咬了三次后，她看见蛇后就害怕。_,2).正在进行的那个会议非常重要。_,for three times she feels frightened when seeing the snake.,Having been bitten by the snake,The meeting being held now is of great importance.,举一反三 : ,V-ing,doing,having done,一般式,完成式,being done,having been done,主动,被动,1)_him the answer several timeS, I didt know whether he could understand.2)_the answer several times , he still couldnt sovle the question.,Having told,Having been told,Exercise3: 用having been told having told填空：,having done,having been done,归纳,主句主语为动作的发出者。,主句主语为动作的承受者。,总结：doing ( 正在发生的主动的动作） being done ( 正在发生的被动的动作） having done ( 已经发生的主动的动作） having been done ( 已经发生的被动的动作）,前后主语是否一致是解题的关键：,When we stand on the hill, we can see our school. (When) Standing on the hill ,we can see .,-ing形式作状语时, 它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。,根据A句完成B句,使两句意思不变。1. A: Having done their homework, the children played football. B: _, the children played football.2. A: If you work hard, you will do well in the exam.B: _, you will do well in the exam.,After they had done their homework,Working hard,3. A: She sat there and stared at the tree.B: She sat there, _.4. A: Although he is not rich, he helped the poor generously.B: _, he helped the poor generously.,staring at the tree,Not being rich,Choose the best answer. 1. They set out _ for the _ boy. A. searching; losing B. searching; lost C. to search; lost D. searched; losing 2. The student sat there, _ what to do. A. doesnt knowing B. didnt knowing C. not know D. not knowing,B,D,3. He sat there _ , with his head on his hand. A. and think B. thinking C. thought D. being thought 4. The _ Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. visiting; add B. visited; adding C. visiting; adding D. visited; added,B,C,5. The stranger said something in _ voice and the little girl was very much _ A. frightening, frightened B. frightened, frightening C. frightening, frightening D. frightened, frightened,A,6. _the piano, someone suddenly knocked at the door. A. Playing B. When I was playing C. Repairing D. Examining,B,7. Mother caught the boy _ in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. being smoked D. smoking,D,9. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another 2 weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed,C,10. “We cant go out in this weather”, said Bob, _ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked,A,1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 2.