英语动词的分类ppt课件.pptx

,动词的分类,表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。e.g.The boy runs fast. The boy is a student .,下面哪些词不是动词？,raise they write the be become remains shall myself will done can must burning second wonderful care for nothing until dreamed,目 录,动词的基本形式,系动词,行为动词,助动词,情态动词,重点动词及词组,第一部分动词的基本形式,PART 01,01,1. 一般情况下，直接在动词词尾+s 如getgets; taketakes,（一）主语为第三人称单数的动词变化规则,2. 以 sh, ch,o,s,x, 结尾的动词，在词尾+ es 如teach teaches; fixfixes;gogoes,3. 以辅音字母+ y 结尾的动词，变y 为i，再+ es 如study studies; trytries （a,e,i,o,u是元音字母，其他的21个都是辅音字母）,4.特殊变化 have-has be-is do-does,take,Exercise,1.写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式,sit,carry,fly,/flies,/carries,play,s,s,come,s,study,/studies,swim,s,say,drink,s,brush,es,wash,es,read,s,teach,s,guess,snow,s,look,plant,watch,es,finish,s,pass,s,es,es,s,es,es,Exercise,1.He _ teeth every morning. A. brush B. brushes C. brushing2._ he swim every afternoon? A. Do B. Does C. Doing3.My father _a new bike. A. have B. has C. having4. John _ like his father. A. look B. looks C.lookes,(二)动词的现在分词,1. 一般情况下，直接在动词后加ing work - working sleep - sleeping study - studying,2 .动词以不发音的e结尾，要去e加ing take - taking make - making dance - dancing,3 .以辅元辅结尾的，要双写末尾字母，再加ing cut -cutting put -putting begin -beginning stop-stopping swim-swimming shop-shopping sit-sitting get-getting,(二)动词的现在分词,4. 以-ie结尾的动词变ie为y再加ing lie -lying tie - tying die - dying5 .特殊 control-controlling travel-travel(l)ing picnic-picnicking,Exercise,1.The boy _ ( draw) a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing) in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook ) some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .,is drawing,are singing,is cooking,are,doing,are having,Exercise,6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance ) in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have) supper now10._Helen_(wash ) clothes? Yes ,she is.,arent watering,are dancing,is listening,are having,Is,washing,(三)过去式和过去分词的构成方法,1. 一般情况下，直接在动词后加ed work - worked-worked ask-asked-asked 2 .动词以e结尾，直接加d like - liked-liked,3 .以辅元辅结尾的，要双写末尾字母，再加ed stop-stopped-stopped prefer-preferred-preferred 4. 以辅音字母+ y 结尾的动词，变y 为i，再+ ed carry-carried-carried5 .特殊 control-controlled travel-travel(l)ed picnic-picnicked,Exercise,1. Lee _ his mobile phone at home. A. leave B. leaves C. leaved D. left2. _ he _ a good rest? No, he didnt. A. Do, had B. Did, have C. Did, had D. Was, had3. As soon as he _, he _ to his family. A. arrived, writes B. arrived, written C. arrived, wrote D. arriveds, write,Exercise,4. Mr. Black was latebecause he _ his way. A. losted B. lose C. loses D. lost5. When _ Jack _ school this morning? A. did, got to B. did, get to C. did, get D. did, got6. Will you please say it again? I _ quite _ you. A. didnt, hear B. dont, heard C. didnt, heard D. dont, hear,Exercise,7.He went into the room and _ the door. A. lock B. locking C. locks D. locked8. What _ you _ last week? I bought a bag. A. did ,buy B. did , bought C. do, buy D. do, bought9.It was raining hard when he _ home. A. got B. get C. gets D. was getting,注意：掌握五种形式的变化规律I work in the factory.He works in the office.We are dancing together.I caught a cold last week.She has watered the flower.,动词的五种形式,自己填填看,works,worked,worked,working,writes,wrote,written,writing,has,had,had,having,does,did,done,doing,实义动词表示行为、动作或状态的词，具有实在的意义，又称为行为动词。如：play, give, listen,助动词帮助实义动词构成各种时态和句型的动词。如：do, does, did, will,系动词用来帮助说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的动词。如：be, look, smell, taste, sound, feel, become, get,情态动词表示说话人情感和态度的词，后面接实义动词原形。如：can,may, must, need,动词的 分类,第二部分 系动词,PART 02,02,系动词 Link Verb,系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（通常为名词或形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。e.g. I like music. I am interested in music.,23,系动词,状态类系动词be,They are students. He is ill.,感官类系动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel,This kind of paper feels soft. This flower smells sweet.,不及物动词转化，继续保持或处于原来的状态keep，remain，stay，stand,Keep quiet ,please,主语终止动作，“证明是”prove，turn out,His advice proved right.,变化类系动词look,grow，get,fall,go,become, turn,Its getting dark.,1）状态类系动词,用来表示主语的性质或状态。意思“是”e.g.He is a teacher. He is ill.,be动词,口诀： 我用 am，你用are is连着他她它 单数不可数记得用 is, 复数后面are, are, are。,is,他是一个男生。He is a boy.,她是一个女生。She is a girl.,它是一只小狗。It is a dog.,The pencil is long. 这只笔是长的。（某物）Kitty is thin. Kitty是痩的。（某人）The milk is white.牛奶是白色的。(不可数）,are,You are a boy. You are friends.,They are monkeys.,My eyes are big.,We are friends.,用动词am, is, are填空(请注意大小写)1. Where _ Ann? She _ here.2. How old _ you? I _ thirteen.3. _ you Mr Read? Yes, I _.4. What _ your name?My name _ Fang Fang.5. What grade _ you in? I _ in Grade Two.,is,are,am,is,Are,is,am,is,are,am,Exercise,1. They late. A. am B. is C. are2. You a student. A. am B. is C. are3. The cloud white. A. am B. is C. are4. I a student. You a teacher. A . am is B. am are C. is are5. We friends. A. am B. is C. are6. He my father. She my mother .They both doctors . A. is is are B. am is are C. is is am,be动词的否定句,1.He is a teacher.,He is not a teacher.,2.They are twins.,They are not twins.,be动词后加not,be动词的缩写,I am= Im You are=YoureHe is= Hes She is=We are= It is=They are=,Shes,Were,Its,Theyre,否定形式的缩写：,is not= isnt are not= arent,am not没有缩写形式！,有Be动词的陈述句改为一般疑问句的基本步骤(1),He is Jack.,She is Mary.,找出be动词将be动词放到最前面首字母大写,原来的首字母改掉,其他照抄句号改成问号,is She Mary.,Is she Mary.,Is she Mary?,Is he Jack?,有Be动词的陈述句改为一般疑问句的基本步骤(2),I am Lucy.,I am Mary.,找出be动词将be动词放到最前面主语是第一人称I改为第二人称you,对应am改成are(my改成your)句号改成问号,Am I Mary.,Are you Mary.,Are you Mary?,Are you Lucy?,一般疑问句（Simple Quesiton）,It is a fish.They are fish.This is your book.I am a student.My son is a teacher.This is a car.,陈述句,一般疑问句,Is it a fish?Are they fish?Is this your book?Are you a sthdent?Is your son a teacher?Is this a car?,She _ from Canada.一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_,is,缩写形式：,No, she is not.,Yes, she is.,No, she isnt.,Is she from Canada?,2）感官系动词,用来表示人体感官功能的动词，look，feel，sound，seem，taste，smell，这类动词加上形容词，表示人或事物的特征、性质或状态。e.g.She looks beautiful. This flower smells sweet.,3）不及物动词转化，继续保持或处于原来的状态,keep，remain，stay，stande.g.The weather remains cold. Keep quiet,please 天气依然很冷。,4）变化类系动词,look,grow，get,fall,go,become, turne.g.His face turned red. The meat goes bad.,5）主语终止动作,证明是”prove，turn oute.g.The weather turned out to be fine.,Exercise,1.Peters mother _an engineer. 2.The weather _colder and colder.3.The dish _ good.4.The story _interesting.5.The dish of yours _delicious. 6.He _to be very sad.7.This kind of cloth _very soft.8.She _rich within a short time.,is,turns,sounds,tastes,seems,feels,grew,smells,Exercise,1. The poor boy _ blind at the age of three. A. turned B. goes C. became D. went2. His voice_ as if he has a cold. A. sounds B. listens C. hears D. seems3. When I went home yesterday, it was _ dark. A. going B. getting C. running D. coming4. You_ very pale. Do you feel sick? A. looked B. look C. looking D. are looked,第三部分 实义动词,PART 03,03,什么是及物动词和不及物动词 ?,实义动词是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整，可以单独作谓语。英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把实义动词分成及物动词和不及物动词。1.不及物动词(intransitive verb) 本身意义完整后面不需跟宾语的实义动词，用vi表示。 如：My watch stopped. 2. 及物动词 (transitive verb)后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，用vt表示。 如：We planted many trees around our school.,1.不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语,My watch stopped.It happened in June， 1932.She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.I used to live in the countryside.The foreigners arrived （at our school this morning）.You must wait (for your turn).不及物动词只能用于“主谓”结构,但是可以加任意状语。或者理解成：后面需要宾语时，必须加上相应的介词，如to, of , at，on, for 等。,常见的不及物动词,go,give，fail，happen,lie,rise,agree,look,succeed,die,rain,come,occur,sit,walk,run,sleep,listen,remain , belong, fall, exist, arrive, sail, hurry.,主语+谓语（vi)+介词+宾语,I listened, but could hear nothing.Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.,不及物动词没有被动语态,The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building_now. A. remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained,表示主语本身的性质sell, wash, write，cut, open， lock，cook, shut1) The cloth washes well.2) The pen writes smoothly.3) The door locks tightly.,常与_连用。,well, badly, easily, smoothly,2.及物动词后面必须跟宾语,A girl opened the door.He reached Paris the day before yesterday. Please hand me the book over there.They asked me to go fishing with them.* 及物动词常用于：主谓宾；主谓双宾； 主谓宾宾补结构。,常见的及物动词,tell，make, take, hand，buy, like, raise, seat,say,find, have， show, see, give,ask，offer,prevent, regard,teach，promise, forget, receive, catch, dress, found, invent, marry, observe, supply, select, suppose,serve,.,后面只能接动词不定式(to do-)作宾语的及物动词,记忆口诀：,决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装，主动应答选计划，同意请求帮一帮。,decide , learn, want, hope /expect / wish,refuse, manage, care, pretend,offer, promise, choose, plan,agree, ask , help,后面只能接动名词做宾语(v-ing)的动词,记忆口诀：,考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏，禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。,consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuseadmit, delay/put off, avoid, miss /keep, practisedeny, finish, enjoy,forbid, imagine, risk,cant help, mind, allow/permit, escape,1. Lily finished _ the book yesterday. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads2. What are you busy _ these days?Nothing much. A. do B. doing C. to do D. done3. Do you want to eat something?_, thanks. I am feeling sick now. I dont feel like _. A. Yes; eating something B. No; to eat anythingC. Yes; to eat anything D. No; eating anything4. No matter how hard it is, well keep _ until we make it.A. failed B. failing C. tried D. trying,Exercise,后面既能接动名词，又可接动词不定式的动词有：,1.begin,start(开始)，like, love,perfer(喜爱), hate(憎恨)，continue(继续)可以接动词不定式或-ing形式作宾语。,+to do+doing,表示具体的动作,表示习惯行为,I like swimming. 我喜欢游泳。I like to go swimming. 我现在想去游泳。,2. stop(停止)，forget(忘记)，remember(记得)，try(试)，go on(继续)等动词接不定式和-ing形式意义有区别。试比较：stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth.停止(正在)做某事go on to do sth.接着做另一件事(已做完一件)go on doing sth.继续做(原来未做完的)某件事）,forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(还未做)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已经做)remember to do sth.记住去做某事(还未做)remember doing sth.记住曾做过某事,其他： try to do sth. 尽力做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事,mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味着某事,cant help to do sth 不能帮忙做某事 cant help doing 忍不住做某事,If you dont feel well, you may just _A. stopped reading B. stop reading C. stopped to read D. stop to read,1. My mother often asks me _early. A.get up B. got up C. getting up D. to get up2.Yesterday afternoon Mrs Green told the boys _ football in the classroom. A. didnt play B. to not play C. not play D. not to play3.I hear someone _ at the door. Please go and see who _is. A.knock; it B. knocking; it C. knocking; he D. knock; he,Exercise,Shall I begin at once?She began working as a librarian after she left school.When did they leave Beijing?They left last week.Shes studying medicine.She studies hard.Shes typing a letter.Shes typing.Dont move my things.The train is moving now.,意义相同,有些动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。,She couldnt stand the cold.Dont stand in the rain.Wash your hands before meals.Does this cloth wash well.,意义不同,有些动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。,第四部分 助动词,PART 04,04,助动词,60,be,We are working hard in the garden. Look, some girls are singing in the classroom.,do/does/did/done,He doesnt like to have hamburgers. Did you live in Shanghai?,has/had,She has been to Beijing three times.,will/shall,I will call you this evening. What shall we do next week?,助动词 Auxiliary Verb,助动词，它本身无词义，不能单独使用，作用是协助主要动词构成谓语动词。e.g. Mary doesnt like music. (doesnt是助动词，无词义 like是主要动词，有词义),We are having an English class. I have seen the film. He didnt go home last night. We will fly for Africa next month.,帮助主要动词have构成现在进行时,帮助主要动词see构成现在完成时,帮助主要动词go构成一般过去时,帮助主要动词fly构成一般将来时,He was sent to England.I would fly to Canada if I were a bird.Had I lived in London, I would have been to London Bridge.,帮助主要动词send构成被动语态,帮助主要动词构成虚拟语气,帮助主要动词构成虚拟语气,1. 助动词be的用法,1） be +现在分词，构成进行时态 They are having a meeting. English is becoming more and more important.2）be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。 The window was broken by Tom.窗户是汤姆打碎的。 English is taught throughout the world.世界各地都教英语。3） be + 动词不定式，可表示下列内容： a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排。 He is to go to New York next week.他下周要去纽约。 We are to teach the freshmen.我们要教新生。,1. 助动词be的用法,1） be +现在分词，构成进行时态 They are having a meeting. English is becoming more and more important.2）be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。 The window was broken by Tom.窗户是汤姆打碎的。 English is taught throughout the world.世界各地都教英语。3） be + 动词不定式，可表示下列内容： a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排。 He is to go to New York next week.他下周要去纽约。 We are to teach the freshmen.我们要教新生。,1. 助动词be的用法,b. 表示命令 You are to explain this.对此你要做出解释。 He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午来办公室。c. 征求意见 How am I to answer him?我该怎样答复他？ Who is to go there?谁该去那儿呢？d. 表示相约、商定 We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。,1. What are you doing? Im_ an interesting book. A. looking B. seeing C. reading2.Dont talk here. My grandmother _. A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep3. Listen! The birds _ in the tree . A. sing B. singing C. is singing D. are singing4.Tea_in the south of China. A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow5.The bridges _two years ago. A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built,Exercise,2. 助动词have的用法,1）have +过去分词，构成完成时态。 He has left for London.他已去了伦敦。2）have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时 I have been studying English for ten years. 3）have +been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。 English has been taught in China for many years.,1. Our country_ so far. -Yes, I hope it will be even_. A.has changed;well B. changed;goodC. has changed;better D. changed;better2.Harry Potter is a very nice film, I _it twice. A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see3. _you_your homework yet? -Yes, I _it a moment ago. A. did ;do;finished B. have;done;finished C. have; done; have finished D. will;do;finish,Exercise,3. 助动词do的用法,1）构成一般疑问句。 Do you want to pass the CET?2）do + not 构成否定句。 He doesnt like to study.,如果句子中没有be动词、情态动词，则需要借助助动词do,does或did，将它们放在句首，并将句中实义动词变为原形，若主语为第一人称I， 则改为第二人称you，my改成your!, 注意：do, does, did后面必须使用动词原形。,各种句式,1. My parents/I usually take a walk after dinner.,Do your parents/you usually take a walk after dinner?,-Yes, they/I do./ No they/I dont,2. Jack usually takes a walk after dinner.,-Yes, he does./No he doesnt,Does Jack usually take a walk after dinner?,3.Mike went to school by bus last week.,Did Mike go to school by bus last week?,Yes, he did. / No, he didnt.,4.They go to school by bus on weekdays,They dont go to school by bus on weekdays.,一般疑问句,一般疑问句,一般疑问句,陈述句,回答,回答,回答,陈述句,陈述句,陈述句,否定句,1. Tom and I _ speak Chinese. A. do B. dont C. does D. doesnt2. Lucy doesnt_yellow. A. like B. likes C. has liked D. liked3.What_they_on Sundays？ A. does；does B. do;do C. does;do D.do;does4.Do you like red? -_ A. Yes, i dont B. Yes,i do C.No, i do D.No, i doesnt,Exercise,3. 助动词do的用法,3） 构成否定祈使句。 Dont be so absent-minded.不要这么心不在焉 说明： 构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。4）放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。 Do come to my birthday party. I did go there.我确实去那儿了。5）用于倒装句。 Never did I hear of such a thing.,4. 助动词shall和will的用法,shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时。 1. Shall在问句中,用于一，三人称，征求对方意见好吗?要不要？ Shall I help you carry that box? Shall we go out for a meal tonight? 2.will 主要构成将来时。 He will go to Shanghai. 3.should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称。 I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 4.would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称。 He said he would come.,1. -_he come in or wait outside? -Let him in,please. A.Shall B.Will C.Does D.Has2. The room is so dirty. _ we clean it? Of course