考研英语翻译讲义ppt课件.ppt

考研英语翻译讲义,考研翻译三大考点,1.考词汇：考查专有名词、词组和多义词的翻译。2. 考语法：考察具体句型的翻译步骤和方法：从句，被动结构，强调结构，形式主语，倒装结构，否定结构等等。3. 考汉语水平：考察一般性翻译技巧，如倒译、顺译法；增词法、省略法；分译、合译法；语态转换等等。,II. 翻译步骤与方法,（一）考研翻译的标准准确 意相同 faithful 前提和基础通顺 是人话 smooth 检查标准完整 要成句 complete 叙述和意义 there are three difficulties in translation: faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance (译事三难:信达雅),（二）具体步骤,通读全句，查找连接拆分结构，划分意群选择词义，贴切表达适当调整，完整书写,主从分开成分划分词义推敲调整翻译不忘检查，句子完整，汉语通顺。,如何拆分语法结构,寻找“信号词”拆分句子基本原则：把主句和从句拆分出来，把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。,1 连词：如and, or, but, yet, for等并列连词连接着并列句；还有连接状语从句的连接词，如：when, as, since, until, before, after, where, because, since, though, although, so that, .等等；它们就成了理解英语句子的拆分点。,2. 关系词：如连接名词性从句的who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever等关系代词和when, where, how, why等关系副词；还有连接定语从句的关系代词，如who, which, that, whom, whose等等；它们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。,3 介词：如on, in, with, at, of, to等介词常常引导介词短语作修饰语，所以它们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。4 不定式符号to：不定式常常构成不定式短语做定语或者状语修饰语，所以也可以是拆分点。,5 分词：过去分词和现在分词可以构成分词短语作修饰语，所以可以是拆分点。6 标点符号：标点符号常常断开句子的主干和修饰部分，也是一个明显的拆分点。,例1 Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.（35词，2003年42题）,拆分后句子的总结构是：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and 1主句 2定语从句their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner 3方式状语that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. 4定语从句,改变原文顺序，组合汉语译文1）Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry主干，“社会科学是知识探索的一个分支”；2）which seeks to study humans and their endeavors定语从句，可以放在所修饰的先行词后面，“它试图研究人类及其行为”；,3）in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner方式状语，可以放到动词“试图”后面翻译成“它试图以一种的方式来研究人类及其行为”； 4）that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.定语从句，修饰 “方式” ，“自然科学家用来研究自然现象那样同样的方式”；,参考译文：社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它试图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的，有序的，系统的和冷静的方式来研究人类及其行为。,III. 翻译技巧词法翻译法,词义选择词义引申词性转换增词法省略法,1.词义的选择1994：a leader of the new school contends; school：“学派” 1996：elegant system; elegant：“完美，完善” 2001: And home appliances will become so smart that. ; Smart: “智能化”的意思,2. 词性的判断light：This light is too poor to read by.Aluminum is a light metal. Will you light the fire for me? 这光线太暗不能看书。（名词）铝是一种轻金属。（形容词）你替我点上火好吗？（动词）,3.汉语习惯搭配,a deep well a deep voice a deep red deep in study a deep mystery a deep thinkerdeep outrage,深井；低沉的嗓音；鲜红色；专心学习；难以理解的奥妙；知识渊博的思想家；强烈的愤怒。,4. 词义的引申,1）They have their smiles and tears. 他们有自己的欢乐与悲哀。2）I have no head for mathematics. 我没有数学方面的天赋。3）The car in front of me stopped, and I missed the green. 我前面的车停住了，我错过了绿灯。,5. 词性转换,1）In China, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness. 在中国，人们非常注重讲礼貌。2）I am anxious about his health. 我担心他的身体健康。3）They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。4）This film impressed him deeply. 这部电影给他留下了深刻的印象。,6. 增词法,1) Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。2) Students should learn from teachers and vice versa.学生应该向老师学习，老师也应该向学生学习。,7. 省略法,1) She listened to me with her rounded eyes. 她睁大双眼，听我说话。 2) It took me a long time to reach the hospital. 我花了很长时间才到了医院。,III. 翻译技巧句法翻译法,名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句被动语态否定结构、插入结构、比较结构,(94)not so much .as. 与其说是, 不如说是 甚至于没有,It wasnt so much his appearance I liked as his personality 我所喜欢的，与其说是他的外表，不如说是他的个性。The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it 与其说世界以洋分界，不如说以洋连在一起。He did not so much as turn his face 他连头也没有回一下。,rather than并列连词,1. “would rather.than.”：“宁愿而不愿”，表示主观愿望Shed rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。 2. rather than ：“是而不是；与其不如”。表示客观事实。He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。 You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野营。 The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. We should help him rather than he should help us. I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.,（95） Lie with VS. Lie in,lie with应由.（承担责任）,责任在于；由决定，取决于：1)The responsibility lies with the driver. (责任应由这个司机承担。)2)It lies with you to accept or reject the proposal. (接受还是拒绝这项建议由你决定。)Lie in 在于，睡懒觉，1)The cure for stress lies in learning to relax. (消除紧张的方法在于学会放松。 ) 2)Its a holiday tomorrow, so you can lie in. (明天是假日，你可以睡懒觉了。 ),ill+过去分词 ： 不好的,Ill-behavedIll consideredIll-judgedIll-mannered,(96) make of,1） 由做成; 培养成 The bridge is made of steel. The father wants to make a doctor of his son2) 向提出要求I have a demand to make of him.3) 理解;对待 How to make of his behavior? I dont know what to make of him.,fore-: before, in advance 前,先,预先,forearm n. 前臂forehead n. 前额foresight n. 先见之明,远见,深谋远虑foretaste n. 预尝,先试foretell v. 预言,预测forewarn v. 预先警告foreword n. 前言,引言,序forefather n. 祖先 forecast v./n., 预报，预言,预测,(98)强调句型,1. 陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其他部分。 It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.2. 一般疑问句的强调句型： Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping？ 3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型： When and where was it that you were born？,Emphatic Sentence 强调句,I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. 强调主语： It was I that （who） met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.强调宾语： It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.It无词义，that, who 不可省略！,as用法小结,.,一、引导让步状语从句（倒装）1. Strong as he is, he is afraid of pain.3. Doctor as she is, she cant cure her own disease.4. Try as he does, he never seems able to do the work beautifully.,。,.,二、引导时间状语从句、1、I read the letter as I walked along the river.2. You will grow wiser as you grow older. 3. As I was going out the telephone rang.,(一边一边),(随着),(正要干突然：同时发生),.,三、引导原因状语从句As the weather was fine, we decided to walked to the restaurant.2. Tired as they were, they went to bed as they came back.,.,四、引导方式状语从句：“正如，好象，按照”When at Rome, do as Romans do.2. Please try to write as I do.3. As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.,.,五、asas表示倍数的句型Tom is as tall as I.2. Jack is not as/so clever as his sister.3. Sound travels nearly five times as fast in water as in air.,A is n times as much (large, great, fast, many ) as B A是B的几倍,.,.,六、引导非限制性定语从句：用来指代它前面的整个句子(即先行句)，意思是“这一点”。1. As you know, Ive decided to leave at the end of the month.This is also part of your work, as I told you before.3. Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China.,As作介词,1. 作“充当，作为”解。e.g,As a writer, he was famous. English is spoken as the first language by most people in Australia.,2. As作为介词，常和以下动词连用。,regardas/be known as/consideras useas/ describeas/be remembered as work as/ act as/be honored as/look on as,We regard the sun as the source of most forms of energy.,e.g,as固定词组,1.as/so far as2.as long as/as long as3.as much/many as+数量词4.as much as/as high as (反义词as little as)5. as tall as6.as well /as well as7. as for/as to8. as if/as though9. as yet,在范围内，到程度；一直到；像那么远,只要；与一样远,也，又；与一样好,言其多,与一样高,至少；关于,好像，似乎,到目前为止,