第十章英语长难句的翻译(考点)ppt课件.ppt
第十章 长难句的翻译拆句法,英语长句翻译主要采用以下几种方法：,一、顺译法 有些英语长句所讲述的内容是按事件或动作发生的时间先后顺序或内在的逻辑关系排列的，与汉语的表达习惯基本一致。翻译时，一般可按原句的顺序译出。如：例1：I could see that he wanted to say something else, something that he had never said to me before, but then he just turned and walked away.例2：It is well to remember that books relate only what is known, but there is more that we do not know and could know than we do know.例3. Most candidates waste a good part of their interview explaining why they want the job; the man or woman on the other side of the desk is waiting to hear why the would-be employee could be good for the position and for the company.,要牢牢记住：书本讲述的仅是已经知道的东西，但是我们不知道的东西和可能知道的东西要比我们已经知道的东西多。,译文：我看得出他还有其它的话要说，说些他以前从未对我说过的话，但他那时只是转过身走开了。,译文：很多侯选人在面试中浪费很多时间去解释他们为什么想从事这个职业；而坐在办公桌另一边的男子或妇女在等着听一听这位未来的雇员能胜任这个职务、能为公司办好事的理由。,二、逆译法英语中，有些句子的表达顺序与汉语的表达习惯不同，甚至相反，尤其是一些复合句，其主句一般放在句首，即重心在前，而汉语则一般按时间和逻辑顺序，将主要部分放在句尾，形成尾重心。对这些句子，翻译时宜采用逆序法，也就是从后向前译。,例1：Does it really help society, or the victim, or the victims family, to put in jail a man, who drove a car while drunk, has injured or killed another person?例2：Various machine parts can be washed very clean and will be as clean as new ones when they are treated by ultrasonics, no matter how dirty and irregular shaped they may be.例3：He had flown in just the day before from Georgia where he had spent his vacation basking in Caucasian sun after the completion of the construction job he had been engaged on in the South.例4：There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.,译文：无论各种机器零件多么脏，形状多么不规则，当它们用超声波处理以后，可以被洗得非常干净，甚至干净得象新零件一样。,译文：他本来在南方从事一项建筑过程；任务完成后，他就去格鲁吉亚度假，享受高加索的阳光，昨天才坐飞机回来。,译文：一个人醉后开车，撞伤或撞死了另一个人，就将这个人关进监狱，这样做对社会、受害者、或受害者的家庭是否真的有好处呢？,我访问了一些地方，遇到不少人，要弹起来，奇妙的事可多着呢。,例1：The number of the young people in the United States who cannot read is incredibleabout one in four. （单词分译）例2：The ancients tried unsucessfully to explain how a rainbow is formed.例3：Bad weather prevented us from starting.例4：His delegation agreed with the Executive Director that the fund should continue working for a better understanding of the interrelationship between economic, social and demographic factors.,译文：大约有四分之一的美国青年人没有阅读能力。这简直令人难以置信！,译文：古代人曾试图说明彩虹是怎样产生的，但没有成功。,译文：天气太坏，我们无法动身。（短语分译）,译文：他的代表团同意执行主任的意见，认为该基金应继续努力，以求更好地了解经济、社会和人口这三方面的相互关系。（单句分译）,对于英语的复句或长句，分译法不失为一种行之有效的常用翻译方法。此时，根据汉语意合和短句多的特点，将复句或长句的成分或分句译成两个或两个以上的分句。,例4：Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. 例5：The world will little note nor long remember what we say here; but it can never forget what they did here.,译文1：八十七年前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则。,译文2： 八十七年前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则的新国家。,译文：我们今天在这里所说的话，全世界不大会注意，也不会长久地记住，但勇士们所做过的事，全世界却永远不会忘记,试翻译下列句子,1. One wretched brethless child, panting with exhaustion, terror in his looks, agony in his eye, large drops of perspiration streaming down his face, strains every nerve to make head upon his pursuers.2. And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.3. You must fix in mind the symbols and formulae, definitions and laws of physics, no matter how complex they may be, when you come in contact with them, in order that you may understand the subject better and lay a solid foundation for further study.,一个可怜的孩子，累得上气不接下气，神情充满恐怖，目光溢出痛苦，大颗大颗的汗珠从脸上直往下淌，每一根神经都绷的紧紧的，为的是摆脱追捕的人群。,由于受到顽强抵抗阻挡着，吹嘘能在12 小时内就占领战略要地的敌人甚至还没有能占领外围地带，这一事实使我增强了信心。,为了更好地学习物理学并为进一步学习打好坚实的基础，当你接触到物理学上的符号、公式、定义和定律的时候，不论它们多么复杂，你也必须把它们牢牢记住。,4. All they have to do is to press a button, and they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match. 5. The idea of a fish being able to generate electricity strong enough to light small bulbs, even to run an electric motor, is almost unbelievable.6.One hundred years after Napoleons brief stay in Egypt in 17981799, which opened Egypts eyes to the world, the Egyptian political leaders struggled against the British occupiers.,译文：他们所必须做的只是按一下开关。开关一开，就可以看到电视剧、电影、歌剧，以及其他各种各样的文艺节目。至于政治问题的辩论、最近的激动人心的足球赛更是不在话下。,译文：鱼能发电，其强度足以点亮小灯泡，甚至能开动马达，这简直是令人难以置信的。,译文：17981799年间拿破仑曾短期进驻埃及，打开了埃及面向世界的眼界。一百年后，埃及的政治领导人就为反对英国占领者进行了斗争。,7.We wanted to avoid the mistake made by many couples of marrying for the wrong reasons, and only finding out ten, twenty, or thirty years later that they were incompatible, that they hardly took the time to know each other, that they overlooked serious personality conflicts in the expectation that marriage was an automatic way to make everything work out right. 8. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of greatest importance, because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.,译文：许多夫妻因为错误的理由结了婚，结果在10年、20年或30年后才发觉他们原来是合不来的。他们在婚前几乎没有花时间去了解彼此，他们忽视了严重的性格差异，指望婚姻会自然而然地解决各种问题。我们希望避免重蹈覆辙。,译文：对人类来说，知识的技能及其运用是同样必不可少的，并且也是至关重要的，因为它们也有助于对人类本身下定义，同时允许人类追求日益真实的人的生活。,
