种常见英语构词法ppt课件.ppt
英语构词法,1. affixation 词缀法2. Compounding 合成法3. conversion 词性转换法4. Acronym 首字母缩略词5. clipping 剪切法 缩短法6. blending 混合法7. Onomatopoeia 拟声法8. borrowing words from other languages（外来语） 9. adding new meaning into existing words （已有词汇增加新词意）,1 affixation 词缀法,是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。前缀一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。 mis- + understand v. 理解 - misunderstand v. 误解 en- + large adj. 大的 - enlarge v. 扩大 (Page 247: Appendix III),后缀一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。humor n. 幽默 - humorous adj. 幽默的real adj. 真实的 - realize v. 实现trend n. 潮流，时尚 - trendy adj. 时尚的特殊情况：help n. 帮助 - helpless adj. 无助的duty n. 关税 - dutyfree adj. 免税的,1 affixation 词缀法,2 Compounding 合成法,由两个或两个以上的单词组成新的单词n.+n.six-year-old greenhouse baby-sitter snowfallTheme park mail ordermother-tongue doorbellsister-in-law death penaltysunglasses mineral watersunflower credit cardbestman houseworkbridesmaid shoe shop,n.+adj=n./adjcolor-blind duty-freeworld-famous toothachen.+v-ing=n./adjproof-reading watch-makinghand-writting record-breakingearth shaking peace-loving n+v-ed=adjhand-made heart - broken,adj.+n. =n.shorthand white-face （？） first-class high-speed long-distance quick-chargeadj.+v-ing/v-ed =adj.new-born good-looking deep-breathingfar-reaching cold-blooded left-handed adv.+v-ing/v-ed=adj.hard-woking fast-developing well-known newly-built,v-ing.+n.=nsitting room dining car running waterworking people flying fishv.+n.=n.pickpocket (？) breakwater（放浪堤） workplacev.+adv.=n.get-together take-away(熟食)die-hard(死硬派) breakthrough workout,3 conversion 词性转化法,是指有一种词性转化为另一种词性。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切.water n. 水 - water v. 浇水hand n. 手 - hand in上交 v.telephone n.电话 - telephone v. 打电话look v. 看 - take a look n.empty adj. 空的 - To empty the basket v.stop v. 停止 - n.车站interest.waste.present.close. back. spareage.amount.damage.dawn.desert.cost.bare.last.lift.line.labour.hit.object.open.mean.stampmatch.place.sound.spring.spot.treasure.sense,4 Acronym(首字母缩略词),CAD; VIP; WHO; BBC; OPEC; AIDS; CIA; CEO; NPC; FBIcomputer-aided design 计算机辅助设计 very important person 重要的人；贵宾world health organization 世界卫生组织British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries石油输出国组织Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 爱滋病；获得性免疫功能丧失综合症Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局Chief Executive Officer（公司等的）总经理，总裁National Peoples Congress（中国）全国人民代表大会Federal Bureau of Investigation （美国）联邦调查局,5 Clipping 剪切法,从某个词的完整形式中截取一个或更多音节Lab-laboratory 图书馆auto-automobile 汽车Gas-gasoline 汽油Copter-helicopter 直升飞机Scope-telescope 望远镜Flu-influenza 流感fridge-refrigerator 冰箱ad-advertisement 广告phone-telephone 电话,6 Blending 混合法,Comsat = communication + satellite 通讯卫星Smog = smoke + fog 烟雾motel = motor + hotel brunch = breakfast + lunch,7. Onomatopoeia 拟声法,Onomatopoeia ,nmtpi: 拟声法拟声词（echo words）：发音与其所指之间存在很多自然的相似关系。cuckoo；mew；ding-dong；click; quack； hiss杜鹃； 猫； 门铃；键盘、门锁； 鸭子； 蛇Echo-words(拟声词) are universal features in any language.,8 Borrowing words from other languages 外来语,来自汉语：jiaozi 饺子Stinky tofu 臭豆腐 Pinyin 拼音 paper tiger 纸老虎 kungfu 功夫Confucius 孔子,来自日语：bengto 便当judo 柔道karaoke 卡拉OKkimono 和服sushi 寿司tsunami 海啸tatami 榻榻米,来自印第安语：canoe 独木舟Eskimo 爱斯基摩人hurricane 飓风,来自法语：salon 沙龙 sl:n resume 简历rzu:mnaive 天真的nai:vsouvenir 纪念品su:vnrfiance 未婚夫fi:nse,9 Adding new meaning into existing words已有词汇赋予新词义,Break (霹雳舞)mouse (鼠标)dove (主和派人物)hawk (主战派人物)country (乡村音乐的)beehive (女子蜂窝式发式),bread (美俚,钱)apple-pie (典型的美国价值观)conference call (电话会议),
