欧洲文化入门课件.ppt

Welcome,European Culture: An Introduction欧洲文化入门,WelcomeEuropean Culture:,The Purpose of Learning European Culture,Language cannot be learned without some knowledge of the culture behind it.European culture itself is a part of world culture. Some knowledge of it is necessary to us as citizens of the world.,The Purpose of Learning Europe,To show ones opinion:,To show ones opinion:,Oneself,Oneself,The leader,The leader,Old age life,Old age life,Purpose for My Culture Class,Learning culture is not to recite numerous informations from textbook. But to improve self-cultivation, to promote ones thinking ability, then to probe our cultures merits and defects from different culture, to think about what we should learn from others and what others should learn from ours. So that we could cultivate a habit of thinking and knowinghow to make life meaningful.,Purpose for My Culture ClassLe,For My Personal View,文化，不是让你死记硬背时间、地点、人物、事件、影响、意义。而是透过不同的文化，探究自身文化的优缺点，从中吸取精华、去除糟粕，来达到提升自我修养，培养独立思考能力的目的。从而让文化成为我们参悟生活，领会人生意义的重要渠道。,For My Personal View文化，不是让你死记硬,The Origin of Culture,Mesopotamia两河流域文明Egyptian古埃及文明Hebrew希伯来文明Greek and Roman希腊与罗马文化（文化=文明）,The Origin of CultureMesopotam,欧洲文化入门课件,欧洲文化入门课件,Division One,Greek Culture and Roman Culture,Division OneGreek Culture and,The Origin,Crete (3000 B.C.) 克里特岛Trojan War (1200 B.C.) 特洛伊战争Greek Dark Ages (1200 B.C.800 B.C.) Archaic Greece (800 B.C.500 B.C.)古风时期Classical Period (500 B.C.336 B.C.) 古典时期Hellenistic Age (336 B.C.31 B.C.) 希腊化时代,The OriginCrete (3000,Greece and Troy,Greece and Troy,1. Historical context (background),War between Greece and Troy in about 1,200 B. C. Greek culture in the 5th century B. C.Civil war between Athens and Sparta.Rule of Alexander in the 4th century B. C. In 146 B. C. the Romans conquered Greece.,1. Historical context (backgro,2. Social and Political Structure,Democracy the adult male citizensEconomy slave labor (exploitation)Sports Olympic Games,2. Social and Political Struct,3. Homer,Homer 荷马 (around 700 B.C.) , epic 史诗Iliad 伊利亚特Odyssey 奥德赛 Today we see Iliad and the Odyssey incorporated into the course of almost every high school in America.,3. HomerHomer 荷马 (around 700 B,Epic,Definition：An epic is a long narrative poem of great scale and grandiose style about the heroes who are usually warriors or even demigods.简言之，史诗是叙述英雄传说或重大历史事件的叙事长诗。,EpicDefinition：,Trojan War 特洛伊战争,In Greek mythology and in Iliad and Odyssey by Homer About 1,200 B. C.War between Greece and TroyFought over the beautiful HelenLasted for 10 yearsTrojan horseTroy defeated,Trojan War 特洛伊战争In Greek mytho,Greece and Troy,Greece and Troy,欧洲文化入门课件,Achilles 阿喀琉斯/阿基里斯,Achilles 阿喀琉斯/阿基里斯,Matching,Gold appleTrojan horseAchilles heel,Deathful weaknessBaneIntruding destructive element,MatchingGold appleDeathful wea,Matching (key),Gold apple BaneTrojan horse Intruding destructive elementAchilles heel Deathful weakness“不和的金苹果” 祸根“特洛伊木马” 侵入内部的破坏性因素“阿喀琉斯的脚踵” 致命的弱点,Matching (key)Gold apple,Poetry=Poem=Verse （诗歌）,Ballad（民谣）Lyric（抒情诗）Epic（史诗）Ode（颂诗）Elegy（挽歌）Pastoral（田园诗）Sonnet（十四行诗）Narrative Poem（叙事诗）Blank Verse（无韵体诗）Free Verse（自由体诗）,Poetry=Poem=Verse （诗歌）Ballad（民,4. Lyric （抒情诗）,Definition: A lyric is a poem that expresses strong feeling.,4. Lyric （抒情诗）Definition:,4. Lyric Writers,Sappho (about 612-580 B. C.) 萨福 -love poemPindar(about 518-438 B. C.) 品达-odes：a poem to praise and glorify an individual or a thing.,4. Lyric WritersSappho (about,5. Drama,Open-air theatres, stone benches, looking down at the stage from three sides, actors with masks.mask =masque假面剧,5. DramaOpen-air theatres, sto,Three Greatest Tragedy Writer:,a. Aeschylus （埃斯库罗斯）b. Sophocles（索福克勒斯）c. Euripides （欧里庇得斯）,Three Greatest Tragedy Writer:,a. Aeschylus (525-456 B.C.) 埃斯库罗斯,The “Father of Tragedy” , one of the three great ancient Greek tragedians古希腊悲剧之父Prometheus Bound被缚的普罗米修斯,a. Aeschylus (525-456 B.C.),Prometheus Bound,Based on the myth of Prometheus, a titan泰坦神族人 who gave the gift of fire to mortals and was punished by the god Zeus.,Prometheus BoundBased on the m,Matching,PrometheusMartyr to the cause of humanPandoras boxRoot of all disaster,MatchingPrometheus,b. Sophocles(496-406 B.C.)索福克勒斯,Second of the three great tragedians of classical Athens Oedipus the King俄狄浦斯王Strong impact on European literature “the Oedipus complex”俄狄浦斯情结,b. Sophocles(496-406 B.C.),Matching,Oedipus complex 俄狄浦斯情结complex feeling toward parents or between accident and necessity Sphinxs riddle 斯芬克斯之谜something of person that hard to understand,MatchingOedipus complex 俄狄浦斯情结,c. Euripides (484-406 B.C.) 欧里庇得斯,Third of the three great tragedians of classical Athens, the first writer of “problem plays”社会问题剧 concerned with conflicts-origin of realismAndromache, Medea, Trojan Women,c. Euripides (484-406 B.C.),d. Comedy,Aristophanes (阿里斯托芬 450-380 B. C.)ancient Greek Comic dramatist, the Father of Comedy11 plays: Frogs, Clouds, Wasps, Birds,d. ComedyAristophanes (阿里斯托芬 4,6. HistoryHerodotus 希罗多德,The Greek historical writing writes mainly about wars.Herodotus(484-430 B.C.), Ancient Greek historian, “Father of History” 古希腊历史学家，“历史之父”,6. HistoryHerodotus 希罗多,7. Philosophy and science,IntroductionThe ancient Greeks curiosity about things, free enquiry, imagination,7. Philosophy and science Intr,Introduction,The Pre-Socrates Greek PhilosophersPythagoras 毕达哥拉斯Heracleitue 赫拉克利特 Democritus 德莫克里特,IntroductionThe Pre-Socrates G,Pythagoras 毕达哥拉斯,Founder of scientific mathematicsthe father of numbersTo Pythagoras, All things were numbers.,Pythagoras 毕达哥拉斯Founder of sci,Heracleitue 赫拉克利特,Ancient Greek philosopher Fire is the primary element of the universe. 火是万物之源“You cannot step twice into the same riverThe sun is new everyday.” “人不能第二次踏进同一条河流。”,Heracleitue 赫拉克利特 Ancient Gree,Democritus 德莫克里特,The earliest materiamlist.Get the English word atom,Democritus 德莫克里特The earliest m,The Greatest Philosophers,Socrates 苏格拉底Plato 柏拉图Aristotle 亚里士多德,The Greatest PhilosophersSocra,a. Socrates 苏格拉底,Socrates (470-399 B. C.)Dialectical Method 辩证法,a. Socrates 苏格拉底Socrates (470-,Story Time,What is love?What is marriage?What is affair? （艳遇）What is happiness?What is life?,Story TimeWhat is love?,b. Plato (428-348 B.C.) 柏拉图,Dialogues 对话录Idealism（唯心主义）Influenceabsorbed into Christian thought,b. Plato (428-348 B.C.),Platonic Love,柏拉图式爱情，追求心灵沟通，排斥肉体欲望，是一种理性的精神上的纯洁恋爱。,Platonic Love柏拉图式爱情，追求心灵沟通，排斥肉,c. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) 亚里士多德,Ancient Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the GreatThe great humanist and the great man of science WorksEthics, Politics, Poetics, and Rhetoric 诗学 Aristotle and Plato p28,c. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.),Differences between Plato and Aristotle,1. Aristotle theory should follow factPlato subjective thinking is important2. Aristotle idea + matter = realityPlato idea is higher than physical world,Differences between Plato and,d. Contending Schools of Thought,Sophists 智者派-Protagoras 普罗泰戈拉 Four schools the Cynics 犬儒派the Sceptics 怀疑派the Epicureans 伊壁鸠鲁派（享乐派） and the Stoics 斯多葛派,d. Contending Schools of Thoug,e. Science,Euclid 欧几里德Elements, geometryArchimedes 阿基米德,e. Science,Euclid 欧几里德,The Father of Geometry Elements, a textbook of geometry,Euclid 欧几里德 The Father of Geo,Archimedes 阿基米德,Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist and engineer“Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.”,Archimedes 阿基米德Ancient Greek m,8. Art；architecture； sculpture and pottery,8. Art；architecture； scu,多立克柱式（Doric order） Parthenon 帕德农神庙,多立克柱式（Doric order） Partheno,Acropolis of Athens雅典卫城,Acropolis of Athens雅典卫城,欧洲文化入门课件,爱奥尼克柱式（Ionic order）-伊瑞克提翁神庙（Erechtheion）,爱奥尼克柱式（Ionic order）-伊瑞克提翁神庙（E,欧洲文化入门课件,科林斯柱式(Corinthain order)-列雪格拉德音乐纪念亭,科林斯柱式(Corinthain order)-列雪格拉德,欧洲文化入门课件,掷铁饼者,掷铁饼者,米洛的维纳斯,米洛的维纳斯,拉奥孔人物组图,拉奥孔人物组图,陶器,陶器,9. Impact,Spirit of InnovationSupreme achievementLasing effect,9. ImpactSpirit of Innovation,II. Roman Culture,Romans and GreeksRoman historyLatin literatureArchitecture, painting and sculpture,II. Roman CultureRomans and Gr,1. Romans and Greeks,146 BC, Roman conquest of GreeceLanguages of the Roman Empire: Latin (western) and Greek (eastern)Similarities between Romans and Greeksdemocracy, religion, languagesDifferencesp37“Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive.” -Horace被俘虏的希腊使野蛮的征服者成了她的俘虏！,1. Romans and Greeks146 BC, Ro,2. Roman history,The year 27 BC, Rome-republic, the Roman EmpirePax Romana: Latin for “the Roman peace” between 27 BC and 180 AD.Roman law: 3rd century BC罗马法学 Decline in the 3rd century The emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium拜占庭 (Constantinople君士坦丁堡 -Istanbul伊斯坦布尔)Divided into East (the Byzantine Empire) and the West in 395In 476, end of the West Roman Empire by the GothsIn 1453, end of the East Roman Empire by the Turks,2. Roman historyThe year 27 BC,3. Latin literature,Prose Marcus Tullius Cicero 西塞罗 Julius Caesar 凯撒Poetry Lucretius 卢克莱修 Virgil 维吉尔,3. Latin literatureProse,Prose and Poetry,Prose is writing distinguished from poetry by its greater variety of rhythm and its closer resemblance to the patterns of everyday speech.,Poetry is a form of art in which language is used for its aesthetic（审美的） and evocative（共鸣的） qualities in addition to its ostensible（表面的） meaning.,Prose and PoetryProse is writi,Prose and Poetry,Prose is writing a story, either fiction or nonfiction.Prose writing most often follows standard rules in grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and sentence structure.,Poetry refers to poems, with or without rhyme schemes. Poetry has rhythm, like a song. It usually follows a set pattern, rhyme scheme and meter.,Prose and PoetryProse is writi,ProseM. T. Cicero,西塞罗(106-43BC), Roman orator, lawyer, politician, and philosopher罗马最伟大的演说家、教育家和天才作家Ciceronian, eloquent, oratorical manner of writing西塞罗式 No man can be brave who considers pain the greatest evil of life; or temperate, who regards pleasure as the highest good. 把痛苦视为生活中最大的祸害的人不可能勇敢；把欢乐视为生活中最美妙的人不会自我节制。,ProseM. T. Cicero西塞罗(106-43BC,Prose -Julius Caesar,凯撒(102-44 BC), Roman dictator, politician and general of the late Roman republic Commentaries Styleeconomy, ferocity“I came, I saw, I conquered.” 我来了，我看见了，我征服了。,Prose -Julius Caesar凯撒(102-44,Lucretius 卢克莱修,Lucretius (about 93-50 BC), an Epicurean philosopher, poetOn the Nature of Things, philosophical poem 物性论, expanding the atomic ideas of Epicurus,Lucretius 卢克莱修Lucretius (about,Virgil维吉尔 (70-19 BC),The greatest of Latin poetsAeneid 爱涅伊德 Aeneas, Troy,Virgil维吉尔 (70-19 BC)The greate,4. Architecture, painting and sculpture,a. Architecture -great engineers -Romans roads: “All roads lead to Rome.” -The Pantheon 万神庙 -Pont du Gard 加德桥 -The Colosseum 古罗马之圆形大剧场,4. Architecture, painting and,欧洲文化入门课件,欧洲文化入门课件,欧洲文化入门课件,欧洲文化入门课件,欧洲文化入门课件,b. Painting,Wall-paintings,b. PaintingWall-paintings,欧洲文化入门课件,c. Sculpture,Glorify the emperors and record the events of the Roman EmpireConstantine the Great 君士坦丁大帝 Spoils form the Temple in Jerusalem She-wolf 母狼,c. SculptureGlorify the empero,欧洲文化入门课件,欧洲文化入门课件,