复习1.雅思语法之名词性从句ppt课件.ppt

雅思预备 -语法,But on any given day, what Schaefer can offer is typical for todays drugs rep（药品推销员）a car trunk full of promotional gifts and gadgets（器械）, a budget that could buy lunches and dinners for a small country, hundreds of free drug samples and the freedom to give a physician $200 to prescribe（开药） her new product to the next six patients who fit the drugs profile.,But on any given day, (what Schaefer can offer) is typical for todays drugs repa car trunk full of promotional gifts and gadgets, a budget (that could buy lunches and dinners for a small country), hundreds of free drug samples and the freedom to give a physician $200 to prescribe her new product to the next six patients (who fit the drugs profile).,但是，随便哪一天，对于今天的药品推销员来说，谢弗能提供的东西都非常具有代表性汽车后备箱里满载的促销礼品和小器械，能够为一个小国家的午餐和晚餐买单的预算，成千上万的免费药品样本以及可以提供给一位医生200美元的自由权如果该医生在开药的时候，指定将接下来的六名与该药品吻合的患者使用她的新产品。,名词性从句,noun clause,名词性从句 在功能上相当于名词. 名词性从句, 在主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。,名词性从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,主语从句,表语从句,主语,My dream is that Professor Du and I will tie the knot.,What I desire is talking nonsense.,表语,Becoming a curve wrecker is my dream.,This is what I think every day.,宾语,Weshouldlendahelpinghand.,I dont like what he does every day.,同位语,I dont know about the woman, Rachel.,I dont know about the fact that she is a women.,引导名词性从句的关联词,what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever,that, whether, if,when, where, how, why,Who will win the game is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that Hannah and Jay have tied the knot. The news that Jay Chou has married is resounding.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,宾语从句,I know him . 2. I know who he is .,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,句子做宾语就是宾语从句,宾语从句的种类,1. that引导的宾语从句 2.由if或whether引导的宾语从句 3. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和 连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。,一、宾语从句的种类 1. that引导的宾语从句 that在口语或非正式文体中常省略。,John feels (that) his team is better than others.,很多人说自己在夏天感觉更舒服。Many people claim (that) they feel better in summer.,Show time,【练1/4】 该表清楚地表明了欧洲国家之间存在显著的消费习惯差异。 （剑3,T2,W）,(之间)存在着(方面的)()差距/差异。1)主干：There are differences.2)之间: between and ; within ; (位于主干之后)3)方面的: in; about; (位于主干之后)4) adj. 明显的：obvious; 巨大的：significant, large; 轻微的：slight This chart clearly indicates that there are some significant differences in spending habits within European countries.,Show me the answer,【练1/4】 该表清楚地表明了欧洲国家之间存在显著的消费习惯差异。 （剑3,T2,W） This chart clearly indicates that there are some significant differences in spending habits within European countries.,【练2/4】该数据显示发展中国家和发达国家之间在教育和科技上存在着极大地差别。（剑3,T3，W）This data shows that there are very large inconsistencies in education and science between developing and developed countries.,【练3/4】我同意在医疗卫生，教育和贸易等方面的改善对较贫困国家的发展来说是必不可少的。（剑3，T4，W）I agree that improvements in health, education and trade are essential for the development of poorer nations.,【练4/4】那些反对男女同校的人认为这样会导致早恋，对他们的学习有害。 (教育话题）co-education / mixed sex schoolpuppy loveHarmful/detrimental Those against co-education hold that the environment will probably lead children to puppy love which will then serve as an obstacle to their academic achievement.,(1). Lets see_ we can find some food.(2).She asked me- she could borrow these books .,注意 whether和if的使用区别,a.当有or not时就一定用whether. I dont know whether or not I should move on. b.介词后面的宾语从句一定用whether. I worry about whether I discourage your confidence.,2.由if或whether引导的宾语从句,if /whether,if /whether,Show time,【练1/3】我们想知道人类是否是宇宙中唯一存在的生命。(剑桥9 test 1)【练2/3】他来不来无关紧要。【练3/3】 许多专家怀疑英语是否应该作为全球唯一的官方语言。 We want to know whether we are alone in the universe. Whether he comes or not makes no difference.Many experts doubt whether English should be used as the only official language,3.由who, whom, whose, what, which和when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。,Do you know - he said just now ? I dont remember- we arrived .Do you know - time the plane leaves ?,what,when,what,Show time,1.During the course of this morning, we hope to give you a clear idea of what we offer in our training programs. 2.Psychologists have also studied how being cold affects performance.1. 今天上午这段时间里，我们希望让你们清楚地了解我们的培训项目所开设的课程。 (剑2，T1，L)2. 心理学家也研究了天气寒冷如何影响人们的表现。(剑3，T3，R),二、宾语从句的语序-陈述语序。,1. When will he go to the library? 1 His brother asks when he will go to the library . 2 His brother asks when will he go to the library .,2. What does he want to buy ? 1 I dont know what he wants to buy . 2 I dont know what does he want to buy .,宾语从句在写作中的应用,注意： 用宾语从句 表述观点：认为： insist, maintain, hold, suggest, argue, 支持：favor, propose, support, agree, advocate, (be for, be in favor of)反对：object, oppose , (be against),Some people are fully convinced thatSome people assert that Some people deem thatSome people argue thatSome people claim that,【练1/4】有些人认为旅游业的发展会对传统文化产生一些负面的影响。,Some people hold that the development of tourism exerts some adverse impact on traditional culture.,【练2/4】说到教育，大部分人认为其是终生的学习。,When it comes toThe majority of 大部分人When it comes to education, the majority of people think that it is a life-time study.,【练3/4】大部分学生相信业余工作使他们有更多的机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。,interpersonal skillsThe majority of students believe that part-time jobs provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them into favorable position in the future job markets.,【练4/4】越来越多的专家认为农民工对城市的建设起到积极作用，然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨农民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，例如犯罪。,An increasing number of expertsFarmer laborers,【练4/4】越来越多的专家认为农民工对城市的建设起到积极作用，然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨农民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，例如犯罪。,An increasing number of experts believe that farmer laborers will exert positive effects on city construction.However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that farmer laborers have brought many serious peoblems like crime.,主语从句,一. that和what引导的主语从句二. whether引导的主语从句三. who, which, when, where, why, how 引导的主语从句,主语从句的种类,一. that和what引导的主语从句-that引导作用，不充当成分，不能省略。What 连接作用，在名词性从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。,1. is certain.（我们将迟到了）2. _ is known to all. (地球是圆的),That the earth is round,That we shall be late,3) _is more practice.(我们所需要的）,What we need,what 在从句中作主语。,二. whether引导的主语从句 是否，表不确定的事情.,注意点： “if” 不能引导主语从句,_ is hard to say(他是否会来这）,Whether he will come here,三. who, which, when, where, why, how 引导的主语从句,-is under discussion.,When we will begin the meeting,When 在从句中作状语,-is still unknown.,Who will ultimately win the game,1. 我们什么时候开始开会还在讨论中。2. 谁会最终赢得比赛仍是个未知数。,这是一种大规模的灭绝，我们能否挽回这种局面现在很难知道。(剑4，T2，R)a mass extinction大规模的灭绝rebound from挽回Its a mass extinction, and whether we will ever rebound from the loss is difficult to know.,Show time,A:主语从句后置! 1. That we shall be late is certain.2. That the earth is round is known to all.- 3. That you missed the chance is a pity.-,It is a pity that you missed the chance.,Its known to all that the earth is round.,- Its certain that we shall be late.,构成了下面一些常用句型: It is +adj/n that(strange/a pity)It is + v ed that.(said/reported.,【练1/2】很多雇主可能喜欢利用儿童的服务，这是一个不幸的事实。（剑3，T3，W）It is an unfortunate fact that many employers may prefer to use the services of children.,Show time,Who will do it _been decided(have /has)What he needs _ that book.What he needs _ some books.,is,are,B：主语从句中 ，谓语动词一般用单数,What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定,what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语, that在句子中不充当成分，只起连接作用.,C：What 与 that 引导主语从句,(1) _you said yesterday is right.(2) _she is still young is amazing.,What,That,【练1/2】使语言濒临灭绝的不仅是语言使用人数，还有使用者的年纪。(剑4，T2，R)Endangered 濒临灭绝的What makes a language endangered is not just the number of speakers, but how old they are.,Show time,_ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How,2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whether C That D Where,3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.Which; belong to b. As, belonged to c. What; belonging to d. It; belonging to,4. Its known to us all _ a form of energy . A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. that C. what D. when6.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have,表语从句,表语从句,表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句位置：放在系动词之后,结构：“主语+系动词+表语从句”。系动词：be,remain, seem，feel, look, smell, taste, turn, appear, keep, get,Example,It seems that it is going to rain.The question remains whether we can win the majority of people.One advantage of being an only child is that there is less arguing within the family.,注 意：,在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“if”。一般情况下，“that”不能省。 It is /was because . It is /was why. 3. The reason (why/for)is /was that. The reason is because /why,that .,在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“if”。,The question is _ I want to be with you.A. thatB. ifC. whenD.whether,2. 一般情况下，“that”不能省。,The reason is_I missed the bus.A. that B. when C. why D. what,3. It is /was because . It is /was why.,It was because I love you.That was why I am still here .,4. The reason (why/for)is /was that. The reason is because /why,The reason why he did not come is _.A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mothers being illC. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill,1. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether2The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of3. The reason is_I miss you so much.A. that B. when C. why D. what4. That is _ _ we were late last time. A. that B. when C. why D. what5. The reason why he refuses you is _.A. because you are too beautiful B. because of you are too uglyC. that you are too ugly D. for you are too ugly,【练1/3】中国教育的最大变化就是，已经有更多的人可以接受教育。 （剑3,T1,S）The biggest change in education in China is that more and more people can get/receive the education.,Show time,【练2/3】早上学的另一个好处是孩子在社交方面发展更快。（剑4，G,TB,W）Another advantage of going to school at an early age is that children develop faster socially.,【练3/3】我的观点是年轻人应该受到鼓励，去开阔视野。（剑5，T2，W）My view/idea/opinion/point is that young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons.,同位语从句,同位语从句 1. 跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明。常用名词有belief, fact, idea, hope, news, doubt, result, thought, information, opinion等。Suggestion, suggest ，order ，demand ，wish等,she, an English teacher, likes her students very much.,I dont know about the fact that she is a teacher.,His plan, building a garden on the surface of sea, is not practical.,e.g. 1. 要出国的这个消息，太让人震惊了。,The news that Tom would go abroad is astounding.,2. 多用that 引导，无意义，不可省。,3.在have no idea之后用wh-引导同位语从句,I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I have no idea what he did.,1.Many boys are too heavy./ The fact worries their parents a lot.,2.The Queen of England was visiting China./ We heard the news last night.,The fact that many boys are too heavy worries their parents a lot.,We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was visiting China.,3. Chinese students should be given less homework./ The suggestion is welcomed by many people.,The suggestion that Chinese students should be given less homework is welcomed by many people.,【练1/3】我同意合作比竞争重要这个观点。I agree with the idea/point/thought that cooperation is more important than competition.,Show time,【练2/3】我开始意识到一个显而易见的事实，那就是发展是有限的。（剑4,T4,R)We start to realize an obvious fact that development is limited.,【练3/3】不言而喻的是,预防要比治疗更好.（剑2,T2,W）(1) There is no doubt that (2) It goes without saying that prevention is better than cure.,区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句：,1.She showed the hope that he did not know.2.She showed the hope that she would date with him again.,定语从句,同位语从句,连词that在同位语从句中不可省, 定语从句中当它充当宾语时可省。,1.引导同位语的连词that在句中不作任何句子成分， 定语从句中， that充当从句的主语或宾语等,2. 同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的具体说明， A是什么 定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰， .的A,内部对比,内部对比,He likes me.that he likes me = n.,(1) 他喜欢我，这让我很惊讶。主语从句That he likes me makes me surprised.-It makes me surprised that he likes me.(2) 我的梦想是他喜欢我。表语从句 My dream is that he likes me.,(3) 我知道他喜欢我。宾语从句I know that he likes me.(4)我无法否认他喜欢我这个事实。同位语从句I cannot deny the fact that he likes me.,