培优完形填空专题ppt课件.ppt

英语完形填空解题方法与技巧,May 4, 2015,Free talk,What do you think of cloze(完形填空） ?Is it easy or hard for you?,完形填空题考什么？,1、词法及词义辨析,2、固定短语搭配,3、上下文逻辑关系,4、文化背景及生活常识,完形填空题型分析解读,“完形填空”命题与备考,1.完形填空题立足语篇，要求学生从全文的整体角度去分析、归纳、猜测，考查学生的思维能力。2.注重短语、句型、习惯用语、动词时态、语态的构成、名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词等语义辨析和语义理解能力的考查。,完形填空解题指导,1.通览全文，了解大意。答题时，应先细读首句，越过空挡通读全文，整体理解大意，找出信息词。2.综合考虑，先易后难。通读全文后，可以根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，分析这一空格处在句中的位置、前后的关系和它所起的作用，确定最佳答案；第一遍做出三分之一，先确定有把握的答案。第二遍逐个解决时，注意后线索的现象。3.复读检验，消除疏漏。答案不仅要在原句中合理，在全文中也要合理。看看这时的短文行文是否流畅、意义是否连贯、逻辑关系是否合理。,解题技巧,1.利用话题再现解题,A man is driving along the . The road leads to his home. A. road B. street C. countryside D. river,2.利用词义辨析解题,Growing up in Australia,I wanted a pen friend. I was 13, had just started middle school and needed someone to talk to. So I went all of the pen friend websites I could find on the Internet.A. through B. away C. round D. on,It was an early morning in summer. In the street, the sleepy-eyed were moving quickly, heading towards their.A. jobs B. home C. restaurants D. offices,3.利用常识背景法解题,.利用上下文语义联系解题,It was a cold winter afternoon. Robert stopped for a moment as he crossed the bridge and looked down at the river below. There were hardly any on the river, near the bridge. However, almost directly below, was a small canoe(独木舟）, with a boy in it. A. fish B. boats C. leaves D. sounds,I do hope all of us will remember that maybe one day,it would happen to one of us, _ please do not pass by a poor person without offering at least a word of love and a kind smile or an act of kindness A. but B. or C. and D. so,5.利用逻辑分析法解题,.利用过渡词解题,The students in the USA only have an-hour-long break, so they _ eat lunch quickly.A. need to B. cant C. mustnt D. are able to,Have a try!,1. Like most July days, it was hot. I stepped into a tiny ice-cream shop to _ with a chocolate ice-cream. warm upB. cool offC. freeze myself D. enjoy myself 2. Its not difficult to say “Thank you”. Years ago I gave a speech called “Powerful_ for positive people, “These are very simple but powerful sentences that we all like to hear.A.feelingsB. bodiesC. heads D. sentences3. The officers then began to eat their meal, saying that the mushrooms had a very strange _ quite pleasant taste.besidesB. butC. andD. or,B,D,B,利用话题再现解题,利用词义辨析解题,逻辑分析法解题,完形填空的解题步骤,1.跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意；,2.结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案；,3.瞻前顾后，先易后难，个个击破；,4.再读全文，反复检查，适当调整。,精讲例文,Growing up is not always easy. When facing difficulties, courage and a spirit of independence(独立) can be more useful than crying for help. Thats what the story Ive heard recently .The young man was born in 1982 in a family in a small town. When he was only 11, his father became mentally ill and one day came back with an abandoned(被遗弃的) baby girl.,A. rich B. happy C. poor D. unhappy,A year later, his 2 left home with his younger brother because she couldnt 3 hard life and pressure from her mad husband. The 12-year-old boy began to 4 his whole family.,2. A. father B. mother C. sister D. brother3.A. understand B. stand C. believe D. mislead4.A. support B. organize C. hate D. like,he took care of not only his sick father, but also the little girl. 5 , he didnt give up studying. Later he went to college. To care for the little girl he rented a room near his college and 6 her education by doing part-time jobs.,5.A. At times B. For the first time C. At the same time D. at a time6.A. planned B. afforded C. ended D. started,After the young mans story went public, people were deeply impressed by his behavior. 7 his life was hard, he didnt abandon his father and his sister because 8 needed his help very much.,7.A.Since B. Unless C. Although D. If 8.A.they B. he C. she D. it,And he 9 donations from others. He said he felt 10 because of kind offers, but he could depend on his own work. With his hard-won- money, he 11 aided other students in trouble.,9.A.received B. expected C. refused D. accepted 10.A.sorry B. embarrassed C. encouraged D. glad11.A.even B. hardly C. still D. ever,Today when many young people worry more about their own happiness, this young mans behavior reminds us of what we dont usually 12 ，love and care for others. Nobody could continue to live 13 these.Through his hard life, the young man is regarded as a 14 in peoples eyes. So when facing difficulties, dont 15 bad luck. Consider what more you could do for your family and society, and youll find the world smiling back.,12.A.get used to B. look forward to C. pay attention to D. used to 13.A.with B. without C. by D. in 14.A.fool B. volunteer C. hero D. winner15.A. knock into B. dream about C. complain about D. knock down.,Practice makes perfect !,要充分利用首句的标示作用 第一句往往是全篇的关键句，首句一般不设空，它有概括和预示全文大意的作用，是判断文章体裁并预测全文主旨、大意的突破口，常含有解题和理解文章的有用信息。（when,where,who,what,how),要注意尾句的提示和总结作用,故事的结局问题的结论幽默或富有哲理的结尾,留意文章中有中文注释的词有注释的词往往对理解短文和解题有帮助。,Step 1 抓住首尾，了解短文,完形填空。 共205词 推荐做题时间 10分钟,Xiao Qiang，a l 2-year-old Chinese boy，has too many activitiesHis father 1 him away from school four afternoons a week and drives him across town to practice“I do most of my 2 in the car when we are 3 to practice，and I have to do the rest when I get homeI am too tried, I just want to sleep.” He said. “More and more kids become unhappy 4 they have too many activities to do.” said Mr. Wang，an expert(专家)of child development“4lof the children aged 9-13 said they felt 5 most of the time，and more than 750f them said that they wished they had more 6 to play.” “Over-scheduling (过量的课程安排) is a growing problem for Chinese families.” said Mr. WangIt is not good for both kids and their parents. More families eat dinner 7 or often eat fast food 8 their way to football practice or music lessons. We all know it is important for kids to learn how to relax. If they dont learn that now, it will be more difficult to learn when they get 9 . Kids need time to relax. Parents should 10 about what is right for kids.,Practice,可以推测：这篇文章是介绍青少年日常生活中过重课程安排，占用了孩子们大量的课余时间，成了影响他们健康成长的社会问题，,首句：Xiao Qiang，a l 2-year-old Chinese boy，has too many activities第三段首句：“Over-scheduling (过量的课程安排) is a growing problem for Chinese families.”中文注释： an expert (专家)尾句： Kids need time to relax. Parents should 10 about what is right for kids.,撇开选项不谈，单从这些句子中，我们可以捕捉到如下信息： （1）XiaoQiang 是个12岁中国男孩。 （2）他有许多活动。 （3）专家认为过量的课程安排是个问题 。（4）孩子们需要时间休息。,Step 2 通读全文, 把握脉络 Xiao Qiang，,通过跳过空格，通览全文，我们明白了大意、理清了观点、分清了层次。 本文讲述了许多青少年学生在课余时间奔走于各种各样的after school activities 的问题，专家呼吁Kids need time to relax.,Xiao Qiang，a l 2-year-old Chinese boy，has too manyactivitiesHis father 1 him away from school four afternoons a week and drives him across town to practice“I do most of my 2 in the car when we are 3 to practice，and I have to do therest when I get homeI am too tried, I just want to sleep.” Hesaid. “More and more kids become unhappy 4 they have toomany activities to do.” said Mr. Wang，an expert(专家)of child development“4lof the children aged 9-13 said they felt 5 most of the time，and more than 750f them said that theywished they had more 6 to play.” “Over-scheduling (过量的课程安排) is a growing problem forChinese families.” said Mr. WangIt is not good for both kidsand their parents. More families eat dinner 7 or often eat fastfood 8 their way to football practice or music lessons. We allknow it is important for kids to learn how to relax. If they dont learn that now, it will be more difficult to learn when they get9 . Kids need time to relax. Parents should 10 about what is right for kids.,跳过空格通读短文：,Step 3 瞻前顾后，上下求索,本着先易后难的原则，先根据上下文和自己的语感，推测部分空格的可能答案，并划出语篇标志和答题暗示。然后，再结合选项逐一敲定。,完形填空。 （共205词 推荐做题时间 10分钟）,Xiao Qiang，a l 2-year-old Chinese boy，has too many activitiesHis father 1 him away from school four afternoons a week and drives him across town to practice“I do most of my 2 in the car when we are 3 to practice，and I have to do the rest when I get homeI am too tried, I just want to sleep.” He said. “More and more kids become unhappy 4 they have too many activities to do.” said Mr. Wang，an expert(专家)of child development“4lof the children aged 9-13 said they felt 5 most of the time，and more than 750f them said that they wished they had more 6 to play.” “Over-scheduling (过量的课程安排) is a growing problem for Chinese families.” said Mr. WangIt is not good for both kids and their parents. More families eat dinner 7 or often eat fast food 8 their way to football practice or music lessons. We all know it is important for kids to learn how to relax. If they dont learn that now, it will be more difficult to learn when they get 9 . Kids need time to relax. Parents should 10 about what is right for kids.,平行结构,1. A. take B. takes C. took D. has taken2. A. sports B. business C. homework D. housework3. A. riding B. flying C. walking D. driving,完形填空。 共205词 推荐做题时间 10分钟,Xiao Qiang，a l 2-year-old Chinese boy，has too many activitiesHis father 1 him away from school four afternoons a week and drives him across town to practice“I do most of my 2 in the car when we are 3 to practice，and I have to do the rest when I get homeI am too tried, I just want to sleep.” He said. “More and more kids become unhappy 4 they have too many activities to do.” said Mr. Wang，an expert(专家)of child development“4lof the children aged 9-13 said they felt 46 most of the time，and more than 750f them said that they wished they had more 6 to play.” “Over-scheduling (过量的课程安排) is a growing problem for Chinese families.” said Mr. WangIt is not good for both kids and their parents. More families eat dinner 7 or often eat fast food 8 their way to football practice or music lessons. We all know it is important for kids to learn how to relax. If they dont learn that now, it will be more difficult to learn when they get 9 . Kids need time to relax. Parents should 10 about what is right for kids.,前提示,后暗示,1. A. take B. takes C. took D. has taken2. A. sports B. business C. homework D. housework3. A. riding B. flying C. walking D. driving,相同或相似结构,完形填空。 共205词 推荐做题时间 10分钟,Xiao Qiang，a l 2-year-old Chinese boy，has too many activitiesHis father 1 him away from school four afternoons a week and drives him across town to practice“I do most of my 2 in the car when weare 3 to practice，and I have to do the rest when I get homeI am too tried,I just want to sleep.” He said. “More and more kids become unhappy 4 they have too many activities todo.” said Mr. Wang，an expert(专家)of child development“4lof thechildren aged 9-13 said they felt 5 most of the time，and more than 750f them said that they wished they had more 6 to play.” “Over-scheduling (过量的课程安排) is a growing problem for Chinese families.” said Mr. WangIt is not good for both kids and their parents. More families eat dinner 7 or often eat fast food 8 their way tofootball practice or music lessons. We all know it is important for kids to learnhow to relax. If they dont learn that now, it will be more difficult to learnwhen they get 9 . Kids need time to relax. Parents should 10 about what isright for kids.,因果关系,表达心情的形容词,应与表达心情的形容词匹配,后暗示,4. A. but B. or C. because D. so5. A. excited B. interested C. worried D. dangerous6. A. great timeB. full time C. right time D. free time,完形填空。 共205词 推荐做题时间 10分钟,Xiao Qiang，a l 2-year-old Chinese boy，has too many activitiesHis father 1 him away from school four afternoons a week and drives him across town to practice“I do most of my 2 in the car when we are 3 to practice，and I have to do the rest when I get homeI am too tried, I just want to sleep.” He said. “More and more kids become unhappy 4 they have too many activities to do.” said Mr. Wang，an expert(专家)of child development“4lof the children aged 9-13 said they felt 5 most of the time，and more than 750f them said that they wished they had more 6 to play.” “Over-scheduling (过量的课程安排) is a growing problem for Chinese families.” said Mr. WangIt is not good for both kids and their parents. More families eat dinner 7 or often eat fast food 8 their way to football practice or music lessons. We all know it is important for kids to learn how to relax. If they dont learn that now, it will be more difficult to learn when they get 9 . Kids need time to relax. Parents should 10 about what is right for kids.,后暗示,平行结构,7. A. slowly B. quickly C. quietly D. happily 8. A. on B. by C. in D. across 9. A. taller B. stronger C. older D. better10. A. hear B. think C. look D. tell,固定搭配,结合句义推测,固定搭配、语境,保留解题痕迹的卷面：,Xiao Qiang，a l 2-year-old Chinese boy，has too many activitiesHis father 1 him away from school four afternoons a week and drives him across town to practice“I do most of my 2 in the car when we are 3 to practice，and I have to do the rest when I get homeI am too tried, I just want to sleep.” He said. “More and more kids become unhappy 4 they have too many activities to do.” said Mr. Wang，an expert(专家)of child development“4lof the children aged 9-13 said they felt 5 most of the time，and more than 750f them said that they wished they had more 6 to play.” “Over-scheduling (过量的课程安排) is a growing problem for Chinese families.” said Mr. WangIt is not good for both kids and their parents. More families eat dinner 7 or often eat fast food 8 their way to football practice or music lessons. We all know it is important for kids to learn how to relax. If they dont learn that now, it will be more difficult to learn when they get 9 . Kids need time to relax. Parents should 10 about what is right for kids.,后暗示,平行结构,固定搭配,结合句义推测,固定搭配、语境,前提示,后暗示,平行结构,Step 4 再读文章，核查答案,将所有答案代入空格后，重新将短文复读一遍，争取做到：结构正确+语义通顺+逻辑合理。,具体解题步骤,1、抓住首尾，了解短文,2、通读全文，把握脉络,3、瞻前顾后，上下求索,4、再读文章，核查答案,勾划、研读首句尾句以及有中文注释的单词,打开答题窗口,了解全文。,跳过空格，速读全文，把握大意。注意文中的语篇标志，和句中的连词,捕捉关键词汇。,前后联系，先易后难。运用解题策略从句子、段落、语篇层面解题，划出语篇标志，找准关键词、定位词。,代入答案，再读全文，反复检查 争取做到：结构正确+语义通顺+逻辑合理。,Summary,完形填空解题技巧口诀,要想完形做得好，语篇理解最重要。语义语用是考点，逻辑关系要判断。重首尾，看提示，平行结构要注意。依语法，找搭配，根据常识来选择。做标志，找关键，先易后难看时间。按照步骤来做题，利用技巧闯难关。,信息常识，上下呼应，搭配遣词，逻辑贯通,文中无闲句，句中无闲字,特别提示：,解题误区,1、单纯求快忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构，试图用语言知识解决所有问题。 正确的做法是在整体理解语篇的基础上结合语境选择。2、时间安排不当，在几个选项上过分纠缠，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。 正确的做法是由易到难，合理分配时间。,