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    初中英语语法系列动词ppt课件.ppt

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    初中英语语法系列动词ppt课件.ppt

    ,Good morning!,eat 吃eat up 吃光,have 吃三餐have breakfast / have lunch / have dinner,take 吃药take medicine,drink 喝drink tea/drink milk/drink coffee,lay玩play game/play football,have拥有I have a watch.,万能的have,have 吃三餐have breakfast / have lunch / have dinner,Have 上(课),举行have art class上美术课have Chinese class上语文课have English class上英语课have math class上数学课have music class上音乐课have P.E. class上体育课have science class上科学课have a look看一看have a picnic举行野餐,speak 说(某种语言),讲话I can speak Chinese and English. 我会说汉语和英语。Dont speak loudly in library.不要在图书馆大声讲话。,话不能乱speak,talk 交谈A BA talk with BA与B 交谈,say 说+(说的内容)I can not say a word just now.,read读,看 read a magazine 阅读杂志read books 看书,walk 走路,散步,run 跑,swim 游泳,skate 滑冰,do homework做作业,do housework做家务,do morning exercises晨练,do the dishes洗碗碟,clean 打扫,清洁,动词的考点,一.动词总述,四.动词的被动语态,二.动词分类,五.非谓语动词,三.动词的时态,动词,谓语动词,非谓语动词,四.动词的分类,按形式划分,谓语动词就是能在句子中作谓语的动词(独立做谓语,或者构成复合谓语皆可),谓语动词就是不能在句子中作谓语的动词,四.动词的分类(谓语动词),实义动词考点:单三,现在分词,过去式,过去分词,及物动词不及物动词,+宾语+双宾语+复合宾语:自身意思完整, 无需接宾语。,实义动词,另外,实义动词按动作是否持续,可划分延续性动词和非延续性动词(短暂性动词)。,及物动词,动词+宾语I like this book very much.主语: I (谓语动词的发出者)谓语: like (谓语动词)宾语:this book (谓语动词的对象)又如: I have a dream.,及物动词,2) 动词+双宾语(即:动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,其中,间接宾语是人,直接宾语是物。 )Lucy passes me the salt.主语: Lucy (谓语动词的发出者)谓语: passes (谓语动词)间接宾语: me (谓语动词的对象的归属)直接宾语: the salt (谓语动词的对象),及物动词,3) 动词+复合宾语(即:动词+宾语+宾语补足语,宾补为了补充说明宾语的身份、特征、状态或所做的动作。)We call him Jack . I saw the children play in the park yesterday.主语: I (谓语动词的发出者)谓语: saw (谓语动词)宾语: the children (谓语动词的对象)宾补: play in the park (省略了to的不定式,补充说明宾语的状态),后跟不定式做宾语补足语时,需要把不定式中的to 省去 的动词:1感:feel 2听,hear ,listen to 3 使,let ,make ,have 4看,see, look at ,watch, notice ,observe (其实是5看)半帮助 help help sb (to) do sth. 其中的to 可有可无。,及物动词,后跟不定式做宾语补足语时,需要把不定式中的to 省去 的动词:1感:feel 2听:hear ,listen to 3 使:let ,make ,have 4看:see, look at ,watch, notice ,observe半帮助 help sb. (to) do sth. 其中的to 可有可无。,当然,在这些词的后面可以作宾补的,不仅仅是省略to的动词不定式,还可以是现在分词和过去分词。-非谓语动词细讲,1. My mother made me _down the radio just now. A. turned B. turn C. was turning D. to turn2. Nancy is really a hard-working student. We often see her _ books in the classroom. A. read B. to read C. reads D. reading,不及物动词,自身意思完整,无需接宾语。Horses run fast. 主语: Horses (谓语动词的发出者)谓语: run (谓语动词),不及物动词,(1).有些动词既可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词。及物动词study -We study English. 主语 谓语 宾语不及物动词study -We study hard. 主语 谓语 副词作状语,不及物动词,(2).有些不及物动词要与别的词搭配在一起,构成短语动词,相当于一个及物动词。不及物动词+介词 (动介短语)Listen to the teacher carefully.注意: 介词后只能接 作宾语。宾语的位置在介词后。,名词代词动名词,不及物动词+副词 (动副短语)He picked it up and gave it to me .He picked up the key and gave it to me .注意: (1). 动副短语后 代词(常it, them)作宾语时,代词要放在动词与副词之间。(2). 动副短语后名词作宾语时,名词词要放在动词与副词之间,或者副词之后皆可。,不及物动词+副词+介词 (动副介短语)Lets go on with our work ! 继续进行,继续做某事He gets along well with his classmates.与相处(怎么样)He got down to his work after the holidays. 开始认真对待注意: 这类短语动词的宾语位置,与动介短一样,只能在介词后。,不及物动词+名词+介词 (动名介短语)Please pay attention to the phrasesin the article. 请注意文章中的短语。We can make good use of air. 我们可以充分利用空气。注意: 这类短语动词的宾语位置,与动介短一样,只能放在介词后。,be+形容词+介词 We are good at swimming. 擅长(做)某事I am interested in this famous work.对感兴趣She is satisfied with what I did.对感到满意,be+形容词+介词 be able to 能够 be worried about 对感到担心be interested in 对感兴趣 be weak in 在.方面不行 be good at 擅长 be excited at 对感到兴奋 be surprised at 对.惊讶 be angry at 对.感到生气Be busy with 忙于做. be familiar with 对. 熟悉be satisfied with 对-感到满意,感兴趣在某方面不行用in,擅长与生气惊讶兴奋用at,忙于做对熟悉用 with,be friendly to 对很友好 be superior to 胜过be inferior to 不及be (quite) equal to 相当,差不多be fond of 喜欢 be afraid of 害怕be tired of 对感到厌烦 be worthy of 值得 be proud of 对.自豪be absent from 缺席be famous for 因.而著名be ready for 为.准备好,友好胜过不及差不多用to,喜欢害怕厌烦值得自豪用of,因.而著名为.准备好用for,延续性动词: 动作是可以持续的,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。非延续性动词:动作是瞬间完成的,一经发生立即结束。不能和一段时间的状语连用。,实义动词,助动词,助动词本身无意义或者意义不全。不能独立作谓语。跟主要动词构成谓语,表示疑问,否定及各种时态。,常见的助动词,do / dont does / doesntdid / didnt,do系,have /havent has / hasnthad / hadnt,have系,am / am notIs / isntare/ arent,be系,shall / should,will / would,1. Be动词在时态中的运用:be+动词现在分词(1). 在现在进行时中:Eg. We are talking now.(2).在过去进行时中:Eg. We were talking at this time yesterday.,助动词be的2个用法,2. Be动词在被动语态中的运用:be+动词的过去分词Eg. You are wanted on the phone, Tom !Eg. My favorite ring is lost.,助动词be的2个用法,1. 助动词have在时态中的运用:have(has,had)+动词过去分词构成完成时。(1). 在现在完成时中:We have studied English for five years. He has gone to Shanghai Since last year.(2).在过去完成时中:The bus had already left by the time Igot there.,助动词have的用法,1. 助动词do,does,did在疑问句中的运用: Do(does,did)+主语+实义动词原形+宾语+-Do you live in China ?2. 助动词do,does,did在否定句中的运用:主语+dont(doesnt,didnt)+实义动词原形+宾语+He didnt play basketball yesterday.,助动词do的6个用法,3. 助动词do,does,did在代替前面出现的动词,以免重复:-Do you live in China ?-Yes, I do.(代替live in China)4. 助动词do,does,did在动词原形前,加强语气:I do return the book to the library. 我的确把书还回图书馆了。,助动词do的6个用法,5. 助动词do,does,did在反意疑问句中的运用:(1)前肯定,后否定的反意疑问句: 主语+实义动词+宾语+, dont/ doesnt/ didnt + 主语 ?-He works in a school, doesnt he?-Yes, he does.(肯定问话人的回答) / No, he doesnt.(否定问话人的回答)(2)前否定,后肯定的反意疑问句: 主语+助动词dont/ doesnt/ didnt+实义动词原形+宾语+, do/ does/ did + 主语 ?-He doesnt work in a school, does he?-Yes, he does. (否定问话人的回答) / No, he doesnt. (肯定问话人的回答),助动词do的6个用法,1. He hardly speaks English, _ he? A. does B. doesnt C. is D. isntThis is a beautiful picture, _ ? A. isnt this B. is this C. isnt it D. is it,反意疑问句中:陈述部分主语是this,that 时,反义疑问部分主语应用 it 。陈述部分主语是these,those时,反义疑问部分主语应用 they。,6. 助动词do,does,did在倒装句中的运用:(1). 肯定句的倒装: 第一主语+实义动词+宾语+, so +do/ does/ did + 第二主语.They helped the farmers , so did we.(2). 否定句的倒装:第一主语+dont /doesnt /didnt+实义动词原形+宾语+, Neither/ Nor +do/ does/ did + 第二主语.They didnt help the farmers , neither did we.They didnt help the farmers , nor did we.,助动词do的6个用法,助动词的用法汇总,对句子进行否定和疑问Do you get up early every day?I didnt (没)have lunch yesterday.Will you be back soon?He hasnt (没)finished the work yet.在反意疑问句中He works in a school, doesnt he?She has never been there, has she?在倒装句中They helped the farmers , so did we.I wont visit the famous singer,neither will he.,连系动词 (系动词),连系动词本身有词义。不能独立作谓语。没有被动语态。不用于进行时态。跟表语构成复合谓语。说明主语的状态,性质,特征或身份。,连系动词 (系动词),常见的系动词是变化连系动词 get,turn,become,make感官连系动词 look,sound,smell,taste,feel表象连系动词 seem, appear, look持续连系动词 stay, keep, stand, lie, rest状态连系动词 be The day gets longer and longer. He looked happy. I feel hungry.,感官连系动词,有时相当于被动语态主语:被感觉的对象谓语:感官连系动词表语:被感觉对象的状态,性质,特征The flowers smell very sweet.,连系动词be的用法,与名词、数词、形容词、介词连用I am a doctor. He is ten.They are tired.The cat is under the table.,There be 句型用于不可数名词和可数名词单数之前There is a pen on the desk.There is some water in the glass.用于复数名词之前There are some sheep in the hill.用于一般将来时There is going to be a film in our school next Sunday.用于一般过去时There was a book on the desk yesterday. There used to be (过去常)a tall tree here.,连系动词be的用法,情态动词,情态动词后面跟动词原型无论否定、疑问、倒装句、或反意疑问句都可以用情态动词只有时态变化,没有人称变化,情态动词,1. 常见的情态动词: can / could (3点)在表示请求允许,意为“可以,能”两者可以互换, could比can语气更委婉。-Can I help you?-Could you open the window?肯定答语: Yes, . can.否定答语: No, .cant.,情态动词,1. 常见的情态动词: can / could (3点)在表示能力,意为“能够,会”仅仅在表示能力时, could是can的过去式。I can swim. / I cant swim.I could swim at the age of five.C. 在表示推测,意为“可能”,一般用于否定句或疑问句。That cant be Mary. Shes in hospital.,情态动词,2)May/ Might (2点)(might不是may的过去式)表示请求允许,意为“可以,能”May 用在第一人称的一般疑问句时,May I use your bike?肯定形式: Yes, can. 否定形式: No, cant. / No, mustnt.B. 表示表示推测,意为“或许,可能”,最不确定的推测。He might come tomorrow, but I am not quite sure.他明天可能来,但我不是很确定。,情态动词,3)Must (4点) A.表示主观看法,意为“必须,应该”I must go now.You mustnt play in the street.B. 表示推测,意为“一定,肯定”,最肯定的推测,仅仅用于肯定句(must表示推测时,不能用于否定句)。-Theres someone knocking on the door.-It must be Jim.,情态动词,3)Must (4点)C. must的否定式mustnt有“禁止”的意思。The children mustnt play with fire. 孩子不能玩火。 D.以must开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答:Yes, must.否定回答:No,neednt或dont have to.-Must I go home now ?-No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to.,情态动词,4)need (1点)表示需要,必要,意为“必须” ,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。Must I go home now ?肯定回答: - Yes, you must.否定回答: -No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. (不必须,不必要),Need既是实义动词,也是情态动词。详见下页。,情态动词,实义动词 Need:1. need to do sth. 需要做某事 I need to do my homework. 我需要做我的作业。2. need doing sth. 需要(被)做某事 The flower needs watering. 花需要(被)浇水。提问时用do系的助动词提问, 用do系的助动词回答。Does he need to wash his hands? 他要不要洗手?Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.情态动词 Need: 1. need do sth. 必须做某事Need开头的一般疑问句。肯定回答用must,否定回答neednt.Need I finish my homework? 我必须完成家庭作业吗?Yes, you must. / No,you neednt.,Must开头,回答大致相同,情态动词,5)Must /have toMust 表示主观意愿的“必须”,它是常规的情态词,因此没有时态和人称变化。否定句用Mustnt,否定回答用neednt /dont have to.I must go now.You mustnt play in the street.-Must I clean the room now?-No, you neednt. / you dont have to.have to表示客观条件的限制的“不得不”,它并非常规的情态动词,因此它有时态和人称变化。需要助动词来否定和疑问。He had to wash his clothes. (一般过去时)I dont have to carry the big box. (助动词来否定),6)will / would (2点) A. 表示意愿,自愿做或者主动提出做某事。She asked if I would go with them.她问为是否愿意跟他们一起走。B. 表示征求意见或者提出请求,用于第二人称的疑问句中。Will you please post the letter for me ?请帮我寄了这封信好吗?,7)shall (4点) A. (用于第一人称) 表示将来会,“将,会” I shall be thirty next year. 明年我就三十岁了。 B.(用于第一,三人称疑问句中) 表示说话人征求对方的意见或请求, “好吗”Shall we begin now? 我们现在开始好吗? Shall I turn on the lights? 我开灯好吗? C. (用于第二、三人称陈述句中) 表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等, “必须,应,可” He shall stay in bed. 他必须躺在床上。 He says he wont go, but I say he shall. 他说他不去,但我说他必须去。,7)shall (4点)D. (用于第三人称中) 在条约,规定,法令等文件中表示义务或者规定, “应该,必须” No reader shall remove a book from the librarywithout permission.未经允许,任何读者不准把书带出图书馆。注意:should 不是 shall的过去式。,8)should (3点)表示劝告、建议、命令。 “应该,必须” You should go to class right away. 你应该马上到教室去。B. (用于第一,三人称疑问句中) 表示说话人征求对方的意见或请求, “好吗”Should I open the window? 我把窗户打开好吗?C. 表示推测。 “应该,可能” It should be Jack who was late this morning.今天早晨应该是杰克迟到了。,7)shall (4点)D. (用于第三人称中) 在条约,规定,法令等文件中表示义务或者规定, “应该,必须” No reader shall remove a book from the librarywithout permission.未经允许,任何读者不准把书带出图书馆。,Can /May/Must / Need 引导一般疑问句(第一人称) 的答语Can I .? Yes, you can. No, you cant. May I .? Yes, you can. No, you cant. / No, you mustnt.Must I .? Yes, you must. No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. 3. Need I .? Yes, you must. No, you neednt.,1. You _ play with the knife, or you _ hurt yourself. A. may not ; may B. cant ; need C. neednt ; must D. mustnt ; may2. It doesnt look like rain, so you _ bring your umbrella with you. A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. neednt,- Look! The man at the gate _be our head master. He is always standing there every morning. - No, it _ be him. He is holding a meeting in the office now. A. must; cant B. must; mustnt C. cant; cant D. cant; mustnt4. - _I borrow your MP4? -Sure. Here you are.May B. MustC. Should D. Need,5. - May I watch TV for a while? - No, you _. You have to finish your homework first. A. shouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. wont4. Children under 16_ not drive a car in the street.should B. could C. would D. will,表示法律条文规定的权利义务时,常用should,实义动词,实义动词指的是有具体行为意思的动词。实义动词在句中可以做谓语动词和非谓语动词。做谓语动词的用法 动词会有四种形式:单三,现在分词,过去式,过去分词,实义动词,4. 做非谓语动词的用法(指出现在谓语动词之后的动词,它受前面谓语动词的限制) 做非谓语的动词会有三种形式:(1)不定式 (to do) / 省略to的不定式(do) (2) 现在分词 & 动名词 : doing(3)过去分词形式,实义动词,掌握作谓语动词时:四种形式的变化规律He works in the office. (单三)We are dancing together.(现分)I caught a cold last week. (过去式)She has watered the flower. (过分),引出:动词时态(初中:八种),概念: 表示习惯、经常性的动作结构: do、 does标志语: usually、often、never、 sometimes、once a week、 twice a month、every year 等,一般现在时,1.经常性,习惯性的动作。When do you usually have breakfast ?2. 表示主语所具有的特征,性格,能力或状态等。She is a middle school student.3. 客观事实,普遍真理。 The earth goes around the Sun.4. 主将从现原则 (在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中)。If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the park.,一般现在时:六大用法,5. 表正在进行的动作。There goes the bell.6. 表示安排或计划好的将要发生的动作。如:火车,飞机的时刻表。The train starts at 7:30 a.m.,一般现在时:六大用法,动词的单三形式的构成(在一般现在时中):,Exercise,The twins _(wash) the clothes every day.Sometimes he _ (play) basketball over there.How often _ Sally _(sing)?,wash,plays,一般现在时中标志词:Usually,often,never,sometimes,once a week、 twice a month,every day ,every year 等,概念: 表示现在正在发生的动作结构: be (is, am, are) + doing标志语: Look! 、 Listen! 、can you see 或者 now 、 these days,现在进行时,动词-ing形式的构成(在进行时态中):,writingtaking,gettingrunningswimming,asking,现在进行时:三大用法,1. 表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。Theyre having a meeting. 他们在开会。(此时此刻)Im studying at an evening school. 我在上夜校。(现阶段)2. 表示计划或安排好了的将来动作(常见: go,leave, arrive , start, fly),常与一个表示将来的时间状语连用。Mike is coming home on Thursday. 迈克星期四回来。Theyre having a party next week. 下星期他们将开一个晚会。,注:表示安排将要做的事,人作主语宜用现在进行时,事物作主语,宜用一般现在时。Im not going out this evening. 今晚我不准备出去。(不宜说I dont) The concert starts at 7: 30. 音乐会七点半开始。,现在进行时:三大用法,3. 现在进行时与always, often, forever等连用表示赞扬、厌烦等语气。如:Youre always interrupting me! 你老打断我的话!(抱怨) My father is always losing his car keys. 我爸老丢车钥匙。(不满) Shes always helping people. 她老是帮助别人。(赞扬),稍后,我们将学习: 有些静态动词通常不用于进行时态。,现在进行时的结构,现在进行时的肯定句(1)第一人称单数:主语 + am + 现在分词 + eg. I am watching TV. 我现在看电视。(2)第三人称单数:主语 + is + 现在分词 + eg. She is washing the dishes. 她正在洗澡。(3)第二人称及复数人称:主语 + are + 现在分词 + eg. They are playing games. 他们正在做游戏。现在进行时的否定句 主语 + 相应be动词 + not + 现在分词 + eg. He isnt watching TV. 他没在看电视。 I am not cooking. 我没有在做饭。 We arent haveing English calss. 我们没在上英语课。,现在进行时的结构,现在进行时的一般疑问句 相应be动词 + 主语 + 现在分词 + ?eg. Are you dancing? 他们正在跳舞吗?Is he drawing a picture? 他正在画一张画吗?Are you talking with your friend? 你正和你的朋友谈话吗?现在进行一般疑问句的答语(1)肯定回答: Yes, 主语 + 相应be动词。(2)否定回答: No, 主语 + 相应be动词 + not 。eg. Are you listening to the music?你正在听音乐吗? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. 是的,我正在听。/ 不,我没在听。 Is Aunt Wang knitting a sweater? 王阿姨正织毛衣吗? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt. 不,她没有。,现在进行时的结构,现在进行时的特殊疑问句特殊疑问词 + 相应be动词 + 主语 + 现在分词 + ?其实就是特殊疑问词+一般疑问句eg. What are you doing? 你正在干什么? Who is singing a song? 谁在唱歌呢?Why are they cleaning their room? 他们为什么在打扫房间?现在进行时特殊疑问句的答语回答特殊疑问时,根据不同的疑问词的情况来决定回答方式。回答what提问时,答语是现在进行时的肯定形式;回答who提问时,只需说明主语是谁,再加相应的be动词即可。eg. -What is he doing? -He is writing a letter. 他正在干什么?他正在写信。-Who is swimming in the lake? -Jim is. 谁正在湖里游泳?吉姆正在游泳。,不能用进行时的静态动词事实状态的动词have, belong to(属于), cost, own, exist, include, matter, weigh, continue例如: I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理状态的动词know, realize, think/see(理解,领会), believe, suppose, imagine, agree, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate例如: I need your help. He loves her very much.,3 ) 非延续性动词(短暂性动词)accept(接受), refuse(拒绝), give(给予) receive(收到), complete/ finish(完成), allow, decide.例如: I accept your advice.4) 系动词seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn 例如: You seem a little tired.,Exercise,The twins _(wash) the clothes now.Look! He _ (play) basketball over there.Listen! _ Sally _(sing)?,are washing,is playing,概念: 表示过去发生的动作结构: did标志语:yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,last+时间 (week, month, year),thismorning,时间+ago,justnow,amomentago,in+过去的时间,一般过去时,1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态常用的时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如: Where did you go just now?2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如: When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.,一般过去时:两大用法,moveddied,carriedcried,stoppedplanned,answered,动词-ed形式的构成(在一般过去时中):,不规则动词原型-过去式,set -set (放)sing-sang (唱歌)sit-sat (坐)sleep-slept (睡觉) speak-spoke (说话) spend -spent(花费)stand -stood (站立)swim -swam (游泳)teach-taught (教)tell -told (告诉)think-thought (认为)throw-threw (投掷)understand-understood (懂得)wear-wore (穿) will-would (将要) win-won (获胜),am (is)-was (是) are-were(是)go-went(走)come-came(来)take-took(拿)have(has)-had(有)begin-began (开始) bring-brought (拿来)can-could (能)cat

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