勃朗特姐妹英文介绍ppt课件.pptx
,The Bronte Sisters,The Bronte Sisters,Charlotte Bronte,Emily Bront,Anne Bront,(1816-1855),(18181848),(1820-1849),Life of Bronte Sisters,They were born at Thornton & lived in Haworth W. Yorkshire. Patrick Bronte their father was a Yorkshire clergyman with Irish origins, and brought his family to the parsonage at the top of the hill of Haworth village on the edge of the moor in 1820. Mrs Bronte died the next year and the six children were cared for by her sister, Elizabeth Branwell. This was the childrens home up to their short lived lives. Charlotte and Emily were sent to Clergy Daughters School at Cowan Bridge in Lancashire, but they returned within a year. The treatment at Cowan Bridge was considered harsh, and Charlotte later modelled Lowood School (Jane Eyre) after it.,life,For the next few years, the Bronte children were taught at home. They invented games and told imaginary stories to each other. Charlotte attended Miss Woolers school at Roe Head for one year in 1831, then returned home and taught her sisters. Charlotte returned to Roe Head as a teacher in 1835, but after suffering from depression and ill health, she resigned from her position. It was at Roe Head that Charlotte met her lifelong friend Ellen Nussey. Her many letters to Nussey have served as the best documentation of her life.,life,In the autumn of 1845, Charlotte discovered some poems written by Emily. Charlotte, Emily, and Anne soon realised they had all been secretly writing verse. Charlottes first attempt at the novel was entitled The Professor, but the story was rejected by publishers. Her second attempt was published in October, 1847. Jane Eyre: an autobiography, it was an immediate success.,life,Several months later Annes Agnes Grey and Emilys Wuthering Heights were published together in three volumes. The popularity of the Bronte novels allowed Annes The Tenant of Wildfell Hall to be published shortly thereafter. The next year was one of tragedy for the Bronte sisters. Their brother Branwell, an unstable man with a history of drunkenness and opium use died in September 1848. Emily then fell ill and died of tuberculosis December 19, 1848. Anne soon followed, contracting tuberculosis that same year and died May 28, 1849.,life,Charlotte was left alone with her father, but later married in Haworth Church, her fathers curate Arthur Bell Nicholls. They enjoyed a brief happiness. Charlotte fell ill during pregnancy and died March 31, 1855.,Charlotte Bronte,LifeWorksWriting style,（Jane Eyre） 简爱 1847 （Shirley） 雪莉 1849（Villette） 维莱特 1853 （The Professor） 教师 1857,Masterpiece,Plot Summary,Jane Eyre is a famous and influential novel by English writer Charlotte Bronte. It was published in London, England in 1847. Jane Eyre is a first-person narrative of the title character, a small, plain-faced, intelligent and honest English orphan.The novel goes through five distinct stages:1.) Janes childhood at Gateshead, where she is emotionally abused by her aunt and cousins;2.) Her education at Lowood School, where she acquires friends and role models but also suffers privations;3.) Her time as the governess of Thornfield Manor, where she falls in love with her Byronic employer, Edward Rochester;4.) Her time with the Rivers family at Marshs End (or Moor House) and Morton, where her cold clergyman-cousin St John Rivers proposes to her;5.) Her reunion with and marriage to her beloved Rochester at his house of Ferndean.,Shirley,一八四九年五月，妹妹安妮勃朗特离世。在死亡的阴影和困惑下，夏洛蒂勃朗特坚持完成了雪莉，寄托她对妹妹的哀思，书中描写有英国早期自发的工人运动，获得至高评价。,Villette,本书是夏洛蒂勃朗特的最后一部作品，无论从创作思想或艺术手法上都比以前的作品更为成熟。本书的女主人公从许多方面来说，就是作者本人的真实写照，作者借本书展示了自己的主要经历，向世人倾诉自己的心声。,Writing style,夏洛蒂勃朗特巧妙改造早期的男式风格罗曼司（骑士文学）而成的妇女专有文学形式。在勃朗特的小说里，“高贵的男性模式”被淡化，那种手持锋利的宝剑，身穿闪闪的盔甲的骑士已经不是罗曼司的主要画面，取而代之的是女主人公的行动背景、感情世界、生活行为。从女性文学的角度看，简爱的出走正体现了夏洛蒂 勃朗特那隐约表露的女权主义倾向，然而，她的这种意识却并没有“革命彻底”。在写作风格上，夏洛蒂也独树一帜。她文笔简洁而传神，质朴而生动，加之第一人称的叙述语言，使得小说贴近读者，贴近现实。同时，小说又体现了欧洲浪漫主义文学传统的特点，显示出作者丰富的想象力和诗人的气质。作者在叙述中自然地使用了梦境、幻觉、预感和象征、隐喻等手法，使小说的“自然”境界扑朔朦胧，情节扣人心弦。,Emily Bront,LifeWorksWriting style,Wuthering heights,Plot,Prologue (chapters 1 to 3) Mr Lockwood, a rich man from the south, has rented Thrushcross Grange in the north of England for peace and recuperation(恢复;挽回 ). Soon after arrival, he visits his landlord, Mr Heathcliff, who lives in the remote moorland(荒野;高沼地 ) farmhouse called Wuthering Heights. He finds the inhabitants of Wuthering Heights to be a strange group: Mr Heathcliff appears a gentleman but his manners and speech suggest otherwise; the mistress of the house is in her mid teens, an attractive but reserved, even rude woman; and there is a young man who appears to be one of the family although he dresses and talks like a servant.,Being snowed in, he has to stay the night and is shown to an unused chamber where he finds books and graffiti(涂鸦) from a former inhabitant of the farmhouse called Catherine. When he falls asleep, his dreams are prompted by this person and he has a nightmare where he sees her as a ghost trying to get in through the window. He wakes and is unable to return to sleep so, as soon as the sun rises, he is escorted back to Thrushcross Grange by Heathcliff. There he asks his housekeeper, Ellen Dean, to tell him the story of the family from the Heights.,欧美文学中的哥特传统是研究呼啸山庄的创作源泉的一个重要课题，艾米莉勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统，同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力，将现实与超现实融为一体，给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度、新鲜活力，达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一，使呼啸山庄具有永恒的艺术魅力。,Writing style,哥特式（Goth）最早是文艺复兴时期被用来区分中世纪时期（公元5-15世纪）的艺术风格，以恐怖、超自然、死亡、颓废、巫术、古堡、深渊、黑夜、诅咒、吸血鬼等为标志性元素。哥特式风格用黑暗、恐惧、孤独、绝望的艺术主题，来往于内心世界神圣与邪恶的边缘，描绘在爱与绝望之间的挣扎，嘶叫的痛苦和清醒。这种小说的故事通常发生在过去或遥远的中世纪;以阴森恐怖的古堡、废墟或者荒原为背景;主人公大多为性格孤傲的叛逆式边缘人物。,1.主题与哥特传统,艾米莉的呼啸山庄也继承了哥特传统，大量采用了哥特手法。首先，其主题就涉及了仇恨、阴谋和继承权的争夺。弃儿希刺克厉夫被“呼啸山庄”的主人欧肖收养，欧肖的女儿凯瑟琳与他从小友爱，产生了炽烈的爱情。而庄主的儿子辛德礼却仇恨他。老欧肖死后，把他降为奴仆，百般凌辱。凯瑟琳为了得到“画眉田庄”主人林顿的财产资助希刺克厉夫而嫁给了林顿。希刺克厉夫得知后愤然出走。几年后，希刺克厉夫致富归来，使辛德礼倾家荡产，并诱骗林顿之妹与他成婚，恣意虐待。凯瑟琳终因不能同希刺克厉夫结合而凄然病逝。对这样一个故事情节，评论家却有种种不同的解释。有的认为作者借这部作品表达了爱情的主题，还有人把它作为一部神秘小说来看待。笔者认为，作者借这一故事情节深刻地揭示了人性这一重大主题。人性原本是美好的，和谐的，但这种美好与和谐却会被某种因素打破，而打破之后，人性就会丧失。对我们每个人来说，人性的丧失是可怕的。面对丧失人性的人，我们往往是恐惧的，这种恐惧是源自心灵深处的。但在我们的心灵深处，还存在另一层意念，那就是希望人性的回归。这部探索人性的小说就是从人性的冻结状态入手，为我们展现人性丧失的全过程，最后，在大家的期待之中，我们迎来了人性的回归。,2人物刻画与哥特传统,艾米莉勃朗特在哥特人物的刻画方面大大地超越了传统的哥特体模式。她冲破惯有的哥特模式，进一步对主人公的心理深度进行了开拓。呼啸山庄中的人物各具个性，栩栩如生，尤其是两个主要人物的塑造，更是给读者留下了不可磨灭的印象。让人既爱又恨的希刺克厉夫就源自哥特传统中的“恶棍英雄”形象。凯瑟琳的性格发展大大超越了以往的哥特人物。她是一个矛盾的统一体。在对希刺克厉夫和林顿做出取舍时，一方面她认为:“林顿将要很有钱，我愿意做附近最了不起的女人，而我有这么一个丈夫就会觉得很骄傲”；另一方面，她又感到非常爱希斯克厉夫，认为“他比我更像我自己”，而“现在，嫁给希刺克厉夫就会降低我的身份”。这种矛盾的、充满心理冲突的婚姻态度使凯瑟琳被这种不同的爱撕扯着。当林顿逼迫她做出选择时，凯瑟琳的心理冲突达到了高潮。凯瑟琳在痛苦和幻象中挣扎的心理状态，她的心已经游离到昔日她和希刺克厉夫在一起的欢乐时光中去了。这种濒于心理崩溃的痛苦和充满病态的呓语为哥特体裁开拓了新的发展空间。它标志着小说从陈旧的解释和反应转移到对人性的内在现实和心理深度的探索，从而赋予了小说以新的特色，使我们在被强大的超自然力震撼的同时，感受到人物的血肉丰满、栩栩如生。对哥特人物进行深层次的心理探索修正了传统的哥特小说较为粗浅的制造恐怖的技巧，对原始、单纯的恐怖感起到了一定的缓冲作用。它要求读者在体验惊险感和紧张感的同时对作品人物做出更成熟、更复杂、更抽象的反应和判断。这大大加强了哥特小说的思想深度和审美意识。,3.环境刻画与哥特传统,艾米莉的呼啸山庄在环境刻画方面采用典型的哥特手法，铅云密布、狂风大作的荒原是一幅灰黑色调的油画。艾米莉酷爱荒原，“在她眼中，最幽暗的石楠丛会开放出比玫瑰还要娇艳的花；在她心里，铅灰色的山坡上一处黑沉沉的溪谷，会变成人间乐园，她在荒凉寂寥的处所找到许多开怀的乐趣”。故事发生在一个地狱般的环境里。山庄外面是一望无际、晦暗凄凉、毫无生气的荒原，日夜经受着风暴的侵袭。山庄里面则因为缺少光线而昏暗阴森，荆棘、枞树、雪、雾作为整个故事的背景，渲染出一种哥特式的悲凉气氛。进入庄园之前，首先映入眼帘的是“房屋前面大量的稀奇古怪的雕刻”，走进屋内，读者看到的是“壁炉台上杂七杂八的老式难看的枪，椅子是高背的，老式的结构，涂着绿色”。凯瑟琳的幻影出现在洛克乌德梦中那一幕被拉尔夫福克斯称为“整个英国文学中最动人的场面，”一张苍白的脸孔，从外边靠在玻璃上，还有一只血迹斑斑的手，伸进打破的窗玻璃，要求进屋来。于是梦中的洛克乌德“把她的手腕向碎玻璃上拉，玻璃窗上，来回的摩擦，直到淌下来的血水浸透了被褥”。这大概是小说中最为残忍的意象。艾米莉把鬼魂出没、幽灵游荡、梦魇奇想和尸首同眠等令人触目惊心、毛骨悚然的可怕场面渲染到极致，使这部奇作更具有了神秘、粗犷、阴郁和悲壮之美。,4情节描写与哥特传统,在情节构成上，哥特式作品总是充满神秘与暴力。整个故事充满了哥特式的情节。希刺克厉夫听到凯瑟琳小姐和耐莉的对话后离开家庭。凯瑟琳在对话中表现出对虚荣的赞扬，认为为了财产而嫁到画眉田庄对于她和希刺克厉夫都是最好不过的。虽然言谈中表现出她深爱希刺克厉夫，甚至也是为了帮助希刺克厉夫而嫁给埃德加林顿。希刺克厉夫听到这里的时候悄然离去，他没有听到凯瑟琳后面对他的爱情诉说。希刺克厉夫离开呼啸山庄的时间是夏季的夜晚，小说中的形容是“那倒真是一个非常黑的夜晚，阴云密布，很像要有雷雨”，甚至“起了一阵狂风，打了一阵霹雷，不知是风还是雷把屋角的一棵树劈倒了”。非常恐怖的气氛让读者感到一阵阵心悸，担心希刺克厉夫在大雨滂沱之夜流落何处？书中的人物对希刺克厉夫的出走表现各不相同，呼啸山庄的主人开始并不知情，但他一向憎恶希刺克厉夫；凯瑟琳小姐认为希刺克历夫的出走完全是因为她说的那些话，便把这次出走的责任包揽到自己的身上；耐莉是忠实的女仆，虽然对希刺克厉夫有所嫌恶，但始终保持中立观点并怀着善良的心对希刺克厉夫的安危有所关心。3年后回来的希刺克厉夫大变模样，已经改变了经济地位的他甚至在赌场上赢回了呼啸山庄。这是希刺克厉夫重回画眉田庄从他已改变的气质上告诉人们的。但是，对希刺克厉夫三年出走却没有一个真切的说法。这就是哥特式情节不急于表达本质，而是给予细丝一样的线索，耐人寻味的特点。,Anne Bront,LifeWorks,Agnes Grey 艾格妮斯格雷,Agnes Grey is the debut novel of English author Anne Bront, first published in 1847, and republished in a second edition in 1850.,The Tenant of Wildfell Hall怀尔德菲尔府的房客,The Tenant of Wildfell Hall is the second and final novel by English author Anne Bront, published in 1848 under the pseudonim Acton Bell. It is framed as a letter from Gilbert Markham to his friend and brother-in-law about the events leading to his meeting his wife.,Writing style,她笔下的小说就如同她本人，给人一种恬静的感觉，主人公都有着纯洁的品德，勇敢地追求独立和幸福，这也是安妮内心的写照。安 妮的作品直率和明晰更像是18世纪的作品，而不像她所处的维多利亚时代的作家风格。,The end,thank you!,
