名词性从句之宾语从句和表语从句ppt课件.ppt

,Object Clauses 宾语从句,什么是宾语？,I know him.Do you have the time?Why dont you pay attention to me?I enjoy working with you.,宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后,I know him . 2. I know who he is .,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连接词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,句子做宾语就是宾语从句，跟在及物动词或介词后,句子结构：主句 +连接词（引导词）+ 宾语从句,宾语从句三要素,引导词（连接词）语 序时 态,句子类型,that,陈述句,一般疑问句,If/whether（是否）,特殊疑问词,特殊疑问句,一、连接词（引导词） 1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略,Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. She says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.,宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.,2. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导， “是否”，不能省略,Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag .Lets see if /whether we can find out some information about that city .,a.当有or not时就用whether,不用if.I dont know whether or not I will stay.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.,注意 whether和if的使用区别,Practice time,if / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I dont know _ he is well or not.4. I dont know _ or not he is well.,if / whether,whether,whether,whether,3. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由疑问词（what, who, whom, which；whose； when, where, how, why等）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略,Do you know what he said just now ?I dont remember when/where we arrived . I asked him where/how/why I could get so much money . Please tell me who whomwhat we have to see .,二、时态1. 如果主句是现在的时态 ，从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过 去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）,I know he lives here . ( live )I know he lived here ten years ago . (live)I have heard that he will come tomorrow . (come),2.如果主句是过去的时态，那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）,I knew who lived here. (live)I saw she was talking with her mother. (talk with)He was wondering whether his father would come back tomorrow. (come back)He said that he had seen it . (see),3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。,The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun. (travel),The teacher told me she _ (be) born in 1960.I heard that she _ (go) to Paris last night.,4. 从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。,went,was,1. Mike insisted that we _ (be)late for school. 2. The doctor ordered that she _( stay) in bed for a few days.,(should) not be,(should) stay,注意：在下列动词接that从句中用 “should+动原”,一个 “坚持” insist（坚持要）,两个“命令” command, order (命令）,三个“建议” suggest, propose, advise,四个“要求” request, ask, demand, require,三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：主句连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,Im wondering what she wants to eat.,1. When will he go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to the library . His brother asks when will he go to the library .,2. What does he want to buy ? I dont know what does he want to buy. I dont know what he wants to buy .,Whats wrong? Whats the matter? Whats happening? What happened?,注：当从句的原句为以下句子 以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：,I dont know whats the matter.The doctor asked what was wrong (with her)Can you tell me who is over there?Can you tell me who he is ?,做主语,做表语,否定的转移,若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。,I dont think this dress fits you well. I dont think you are right.,我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为你是错的。,I dont believe you can finish the work today.,我认为你今天无法完成工作。,注意：这类句子后若带有附加疑问句，应采用肯定形式来后问，后问部分应于从句主语一致。I dont believe she know it, does she?,反义疑问句,1.We wonder how we shall do next.2.Could you tell me where are they having a picnic?3.I am sorry that I dont know you want to take part in the competition.,what,didnt,they are,Exercise: correct or not,4.I didnt know that you will come.5.He said that he is writing a story.6.Could you tell me when will he arrive?7.You can begin to see why does English have such strange rules.,_would,_was,_ he will,_ English has,Exercise: multical-choice1.I dont know_ we can live on the island without food.A.where B what C how D that2.Could you tell me _?A where is the park ? B whos on duty ?C whose book is this ? D what are they doing ?3 The teacher told us that the earth _around the sun.A moved B moves C move D moving4.I didnt know that Mr. Smith _yet.has returned B has returned C had returned D returned 5.We dont know _ they did it . We dont know_ they did. A. how B. who C. what D. which,B,B,C,C,A,C,Predicative Clauses 表语从句,一、表语从句定义：,The question is who will do it.,表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。,表语从句,Linking Verbs (连系动词) 除动词be以外，还有一些后面可接表语的特殊连系动词，如：look, smell, taste, sound, feel, fall, come, go（变成）, become, grow（渐渐地变化）, turn(变成，一般用于颜色), appear, seem, get, keep, remain, stay等。,二、表语从句构成,His suggestion is that we should stay calm.,That is why she was late.,引导词,引导词,主系连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,三、引导表语从句的关联词,1.从属连词as, as if / though引导的表语从句,He looked just as he had looked ten years before.,It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.,2. because, why 引导的表语从句,例句：,(1) Thats because he didnt understand me.,(2) Thats why he got angry with me .,那是因为他不理解我。,那正是他对我生气的原因。,（强调原因）,（强调结果）,3.连接代词who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever,连接副词where, when, how,(1) The problem is who we can get to replace her.,(2) The question is how he did it.,(3) That is where he was born.,问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。,问题是他如何做此事的。,那就是他出生的地方。,4. 从属连词that，whether,(1) The trouble is that I have lost her address.,(2) My question is whether he left ( or not ).,麻烦是我把她的地址弄丢了。,我的问题是他是否离开了。,that 在表语从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何意义。,四. 使用虚拟语气的表语从句,在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形” 表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan等。,My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.,注 意,A 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。,The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.,The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.,B 不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。,It looked as if he had understood this question.,The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.,The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.,C 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。,The question is why he cried yesterday.,The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.,D that在表语从句中不可以省略。,Lao Yangs suggestion is that we (should) turn the land into rice field.,Whats troubling me is I dont have much experience in this kind of work.,注 意：,在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。一般情况下，“that”不能省。 It is /was because .（这是因为） It is /was why. （这就是为什么）4.The reason is that (原因是)5. The reason (why/for)is /was that.6. The reason is because /why,that .,The reason why he was late was that he got up late,for his being late,Thats _ the Party called on us to do. Thats _ the Party called on us to do it. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when,的样子,B,A,5. Its known to us all _ a form of energy . A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 6. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. that C. what D. when7.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have,