初中英语名词专项ppt课件.ppt
名 词,语法复习,名词是表示人、事物、地点的名称或者抽象概念的词。名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两类。,名词的种类,专有名词：,普通名词：,可数：,不可数：,个体名词 nurse, house, horse, apple, pen,集体名词 people, family, class, trousers,物质名词： water, paper, air, milk,抽象名词： work, housework, homework, information, news, weather,专有名词的第一个字母要大写，人名、地名、国家名、景观名、公共节日及月份等等都是属于专有名词。如：Yao Ming, China, March, New Years Day等。,专有名词是特定的或独一无二的人或事物。,名词的单数形式,一般可用_来修饰 a car a book an elephant an apple an eraser_ hour _ honest boy _ interesting book.请注意：_useful thing _ unusual thing _ univercity _ MP3,an,an,an,a,an,a,an,a,an,在元音音素开头的单词前用_,名词的复数形式 1.复数形式的构成方法 (1) 一般在名词后加“s” dog dogs (2) 以_结尾的名词加“es” boxes watches buses brushes,(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es” country countries factory factories 如果是元音字母加y 结尾的名词则只须加_,s、x、ch、sh,“s”,boy boys monkey monkeys,(4)以o结尾的名词加_radio radios zoo zoos_ 加“es”构成复数potato potatoes tomato tomatoes (5)以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es” wife shelf ,“s”,otato, tomato和hero,wives,shelves,knives,leaves,knife leaf ,(6)可数名词的不规则变化 a.单复数同形Chinese Chinese, Japanese Japanese, fish fish, sheepsheep,deer-deer b.变元音字母oo为ee tooth teeth foot feet goose-geese,c.变man为 men man men woman women policeman policemen Frenchman Frenchmen 请区别：German(德国人) Germans (“中日”不变“英法”变，其余s加后面),(7)有些名词无单数形式。如：people(作“人们”解时) police clothes.(8)pants, shorts, glasses (眼镜)只用复数形式。,(9)由man, woman 构成的合成名词，变复数时将名词及man, woman都变成复数。如：man drivermen drivers woman teacherwomen teachers但其他合成名词，只要把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。如：a banana tree a boy students,banana trees,boy students,不可数名词 物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词 如: water，rice，fish，meat 等。另外还有：,medicine wood work time space music money change weather homework information news advice knowledge,1.不可数名词无复数形式，作主语时常看成_ 盘子里有一些面包。 There is some bread on the plate. 没有消息就是好消息。 No news is good news.,单数,much little,3.常用a piece of, a cup of, a glass of,a bottle of等来表示不可数名词的量,There is a piece of paper on the desk.,注意：可数名词也可用量来表示， of后用复数There are two bags of eggs in the basket.,桌子上有一张纸。,篮子里有两袋鸡蛋。,4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同 (1) glass(玻璃) a glass paper(纸) a paper work(工作) a work room(空间) a room time(时间) times,(2) fruit(水果) fruits fish(鱼) fishes,(玻璃杯),(报纸),(著作),(房间),(时代),(各种水果),(各种鱼),1. Please give me _ paper. A. one B. a pieces C. a pieceD. a piece of2. This table is made of_. A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass3. What can I do for you, sir? Id like two_. A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks4. We can do the work better with_money and _ people. A. less, fewer B. fewer, less C. little, little D. few, few,D,D,C,A,5. In the picture there are many_ and two_. A. sheeps; knifes B. sheeps; knife C. sheep; knives D. sheep; knife 6. There are four_and two_in the group. A. Japanese，Germen B. Japaneses，Germen C. Japanese，German D. Japanese，Germans,D,C,His family _ not poor any more. 他家再也不穷了。I hope your family _quite well. 我希望你的家人身体都很好。,is,are,典型例题解析,1.The Browns is going to visit China. ( )2.The Browns are going to visit China. ( )3.The young is dancing there. ( )4.The young are dancing there. ( )5.Physics are very difficult to learn. ( )6.Physics is very difficult to learn. ( )7.We have five Germen in this meeting. ( )8.We have five Germans in this meeting. ( )9.This is one of the English-Chinese dictionary. ( )10.This is one of the English-Chinese dictionaries. ( ),指点迷津,is,is,is,is,am,NOUN.,Ten years _(is ,are) short time for me.A pair of shoes _(is, are) under the bed.The number of the students in our school _(is ,are) 2,000.The woman with two children _( is ,are ) coming here.Neither he nor I _(are, am ) an American.,
