名词复数的变化规则下载课件.ppt
名词复数的变化规则,名词复数,名词复数变化规则：,1.一般情况直接+s；2.以s, x, ch, sh 结尾的单词，加es;,名词复数变化规则：1.一般情况直接+s；,名词复数变化规则：,3.以元音字母+y结尾的，直 接+s; 如：boy-boys以辅音字母+y结尾的，把y变i再+es; 如：city-cities,名词复数变化规则：3.以元音字母+y结尾的，直 接+s;,4.以字母“O”结尾的，有生命的+es;无生命的+s;常见的单词为：tomato 西红柿 potato 土豆 hero 英雄 Negro 黑人可总结为一句话：黑人英雄在西红柿地里吃土豆。注：以oo结尾的直接+s； 均可。如：zero-zeros/zeroes,名词复数变化规则：,4.以字母“O”结尾的，有生命的+es;无生命的+s;名词复,5. 以f,fe结尾的单词(1)、变f或fe为v再加-es的树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮；架后窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃命忙。【解释】在这些词中，由单数变复数时，须先将f或fe变为v再加-es变成复数，即：树叶 leaf - leaves, 半数half - halves, 妻子 wife - wives, 刀knife - knives, 架 shelf - shelves, 狼wolf - wolves, 小偷 thief thieves， 生命life-lives.,5. 以f,fe结尾的单词,以f,fe结尾的单词(2)、直接在词尾加-s的海湾农奴信酋长，悬崖证据藏顶房。【解释】在这些词中，由单数变复数时，直接在词尾加-s构成，即：海湾（gulf - gulfs）农奴（serf - serfs）信任（belief -beliefs）酋长（chief - chiefs）悬崖（cliff - cliffs）证据（proof - proofs）顶房（即房顶、屋顶 roof - roofs）,以f,fe结尾的单词,以f,fe结尾的单词(3)、以上两种情况均可的码头侏儒围围巾，手绢复数变二心。【解释】在这些词中，由单数变复数时，以上两种情况均可，即：码头（wharf）侏儒（dwarf）围巾（scarf），手绢（handkerchief）复数变二心（即以上两种情况均可。,以f,fe结尾的单词,6.不可数名词没有单复数变化；,6.不可数名词没有单复数变化；,7. 不规则变化(1)变元音 man men, woman women, foot feet, goose geese, tooth teeth, (2)变词尾 mouse mice， louse- lice ox oxen, child children (3) 不变 deer, sheep, fish， Chinese, Japanese,7. 不规则变化,8. 国人变化规则：中日不变，英法变，其他后面加SJapaneseJapaneseChineseChineseEnglishman-EnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmenAmericanAmericansGerman GermansSwedish-Swedishes,8. 国人变化规则：,9：复合名词复数形式(1)中间没有连字符的合成名词在词尾变复数;bookshelfbookshelves bedroom-bedrooms(2)man和 woman构成的复合名词，二者均变为复数。man farmermen farmers woman teacherwomen teachers,9：复合名词复数形式,(3)中间有连字符的合成词，在主体词(中心意义的词)末尾变为复数。sister-in-lawsisters-in-law father-in-law-fathers-in-law岳父 looker-onlookers-on 旁观者passer-bypassers-byeditor-in-chiefeditors-in-chief总编,(3)中间有连字符的合成词，在主体词(中心意义的词)末尾变,(4)无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 sit-insit-ins 静坐抗议 grown-upgrown-ups 成年人touch-me-nottouch-me-nots 凤仙花（含羞草）go-betweengo-betweens 中间人,(4)无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数,(5) 以两个名词构成的复合名词(前面的名词为man或woman除外)，一般把后面的名词变复数。 如：boy friendboy friends paper bagpaper bagsroom number room numbers,(5) 以两个名词构成的复合名词(前面的名词为man或wom,1）词尾 -is 变 -es crisis crises 危机basis bases 基础analysis analyses 分析thesis theses 论文emphasis emphases 强调diagnosis diagnoses 诊断synthesis syntheses 综合；合成axis axes 轴线,1）词尾 -is 变 -es,2）词尾 -um 变 -adatum data 数据medium media 媒体bacterium bacteria 细菌vacuum vacua 真空，空间agendum agenda 议程gymnasium gymnasia 体育馆curriculum curricula 课程symposium symposia 讨论会（forum fora，-ums 论坛，会议场drum drums 鼓gum gums 口香糖sum sums 总和stadium stadia，-ums 体育场）,2）词尾 -um 变 -a,3）词尾 -on 变 -acriterion criteria 标准phenomenon phenomena 现象,3）词尾 -on 变 -a,4）词尾 -us 变 -i（i均发元音）nucleus nuclei 核子radius radii 半径stimulus stimuli 刺激syllabus syllabi 教学大纲terminus termini 终点focus foci，-ses 焦点genius genii，-ses 天才（ bonus bonuses 奖金campus campuses 校园impetus impetuses 推动力apparatus apparatuses 设备，器官）,4）词尾 -us 变 -i（i均发元音）,5）词尾 -ix/ex 变 -icesindex indices 指标，指数 indexes 索引appendix appendices 附录注：complex（联合体）与complice（同伙）无关6）词尾 -a 变 -aeantenna antennae 天线,5）词尾 -ix/ex 变 -ices,习题：,orange_ class _ scarf_ monkey_ piano(钢琴)_life_,oranges,classes,texts,monkeys,pianos,lives,习题：orange_ orangesc,rabbit _ shelf_ bed_family_toy_ radio(收音机)_,rabbits,shelves,beds,families,toys,radios,rabbit _ shelf_,hoto(相片)_ army_ fox_knife _ boy _ egg_,photos,armies,foxes,knives,boys,eggs,hoto(相片)_ army_,tree _ knife _ cat _ animal _ roof _ car _,trees,knives,cats,animals,boats,cars,tree _ treesknivescat,watch _sweater _ box _ elephant _ horse_ documentary_,watches,sweaters,boxes,elephants,horses,documentaries,watch _watchessweater,movie_ comedy_action_ zoo_ potato_ foot_,movies,comedies,actions,zoos,potatoes,feet,movie_ moviescome,bus_ dish_ map_ month_ coat_ hero(英雄)_,buses,dishes,maps,months,coats,heroes,bus_ busesdishesmaps,picture_ eye_ tooth_ belief_country_tomato_,pictures,eyes,teeth,beliefs,countries,tomatoes,picture_ pictur,fry_ leaf_classroom_Negro(黑人) _match_ fish_,fries,leaves,classrooms,Negroes,matches,fish,fry_ friesleavesc,child_brush_ glass_ tax_ factory_ city_,children,brushes,glasses,taxes,factories,cities,child_childrenbrushes,ZooKangaroobamboo,Zoo,baby-babiespiano-pianosarmy-armies story-storiesradio-radiostomato-tomatoes toys,daysties handspeaches boxes leaf-leavescases,baby-babiesdays,fishes wife-wives kilo-kiloshousewife-housewives factory-factories watchesboy-boys oranges,bands blouses hero-heroes potato-potatoesbooks hatssuits bridges,fishes bands,keys knife-knives cups dresses dishes faxesthief-thieves,dogs bags buses classes shelf-shelveszoo-zoosphoto-photos,keys dogs,
