英语介词课件.ppt

英语介词的学习,含义：介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。,介词的含义,（1）表时间的介词1）at, in on表示时间点用at。 例如：at six oclock, at noon, at midnight。 表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。 例如：in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon 表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。 例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning,常用介词辨析,由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：I havent heard from him since last summer. 自从去年夏天，我再也没有收到他的信。After five days the boy came back. 五天后，这男孩返回来。,2）since, after,in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。 After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：He will be back in two months.他在两个月后回来。He will arrive after four oclock四点钟后，他到达。He returned after a month.一个月后，他回来了。,3）in, after,at, in, onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. 他昨他天到达上海。They arrived at a small village before dark. 他们在天黑前到达一个小村庄。There is a big hole in the wall.墙上有一个大洞。The teacher put up a picture on the wall. 老师把一幅画挂在墙上。,（2）表示地点的介词,over, on和above都可表示“在上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：There is a bridge over the river.河上有一架桥。We flew above the clouds.我们飞越云层。They put some flowers on the teachers desk. 他们把一些花放在讲桌上。,over, above, on,on,down,under,up,below,over,above,beneath,across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：The dog ran across the grass.狗跑过草地。The boy swam across the river.那男孩游过河。They walked through the forest.他们穿过森林。,across, through,over,across,through,in on to,in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：There are some tall trees in front of the building.在大楼前有一些高树。The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.老师坐在教室前面,4) in front of, in the front of,介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。（1）介词与动词的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spendon, 等。,3. 介词的固定搭配,（2）介词与名词的搭配on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。（3）介词与形容词的搭配be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。,介词的中考考点,练习,一、考查简单介词的用法-When did Hong Kong return to our motherland?一_July 1st，1997A On B In C At D For 本题的四个选项都可以放在表示时间的单词(组)前面，in，on，at往往在时间点的前面，for往往引导一个时间段。1997年7月1日是一个具体的时间，在具体到某一天，用介词on。,Id like a cup of coffee _some sugar and milk. A. in B. to C. of D. withA选项介词in，表示“在里面”；B选项介词to表方向，意为“到，向”；C项of表“所属关系”，意为“的”；D项介词with作“带有；用_力口”等讲。由句意“我想要一杯加糖和牛奶的咖啡。”可知，选项D正确。,-Oh, so many people in the amusement park!- Nobody likes to stay at home _ Sunday morning. A. in B. on C. at此题考查介词的用法。三个选择都可以用来表示时间，at多用于具体时间点前，在上、下午及晚上常用介词in，但具体到某一天的上、下午要用介词on。,二、考查介词之间的辨析【考例】The moon light is coming in _ the window and the room seems quiet and beautiful. A, across B. through C. overacross表示横过，从一边到另一边，through从内部穿过，over表示从物体表面通过。“月光透过窗子射进来”故不能选A。,Be careful when you come _ the street, because the traffic is very busy at the moment. A. across B. behind C. between D. over本题考察方位介词的用法。“过马路”一般为表面横穿，因此要用across。-Look, a blind man is in the middle of the street, Its too dangerous.-Lets go and help him _the road. A. . across B. along Cthough D. over横穿马路要用across表示“从一边到另一边”而不用through，through用于穿过森林等。,三、考查成语介词与介词固定搭配Boys and girls, wish you to do well in the English exam _ a light heart. Good luck to every-one! A. on B. with C. without考查介词用法。with a light heart以一种轻松的心态(with表伴随)。with是中考的重要考点，有如下几种用法：有，带着表方式或工具，write with a pen用钢笔书写表伴随a house with a big garden带有大花园的房子。,Mary bought a house _a small garden. She will move in next week. A. from B. with C. for D. of本题由句意人手破解，玛丽买了一处“带有”花园的房子，这儿可用介词with，意为“具有；带有”，所以B项正确。,You must always be careful _ electricityIts dangerousA to B at C for Dwithbe careful with(ofabout)对注意(警惕)，句意为“你必须时刻注意用电，那很危险。”,一I hear you have got a ticket _the 0pening Ceremony of the Beijing Olympics一YesI got it _my uncleA of；from B toby C to；from Dfor；to考查介词的用法。本题易错选项为A的答案钥匙票，都要用to，而不能用of。故不能选A。,It was a great day but We did not enjoy it_ the beginningAon Bfor Cwith Dat此处考查固定短语“在开始时”，用介词at，故选D。,It is important _us students to make a plan _our studies before a new term startsAfor；for Bof：for Cto；of Dwith：on此题考查介词for的用法，第一空It is important for sbto do sth；第二空for our studies为我们的学习，表目的。,Its necessary for us to take one hours exercise every day. I agree _you. A. at B. to C. on D. withagree with sb同意某人的观点。注意agree with与agree to的区别。agree with +sb“同意某人的观点”；agree to+动词原形“同意干某事”。,一How are you going to the Summer Palace?一Were going there _bikeA for B at C of Dby 考查短语by bike骑自行车”。要注意区分：take a bike to+某地一go to+某地+by bike。,This _woman has devoted all her life_ caring for the poorAmodest；with Bkind; to Cselfish；for Dunfair；at第一空意为“这位善良的妇女”，故选kind，第二空，devoteto指献身于，to后跟动名词或名词，故本题选B。,。【语法过关】1.China lies_ the east of Asia and_ the north of Australia, A. to; to B. in; to C to; in D. in; on 2.His son suddenly returned_ a cold rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. for 3.Timmy goes to school _ every day . Its 5 minutes walk from his home to school. A. in a bus B. by plane C. on foot D. by boat 4. Last month , students had to have their lessons by Internet _ because of SARS. A. on the playground B. at home C. in the street D. near the hospital 5.Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures _ a camera. A.as B. for C. like D. of,1.B 表示在一个大的范围内用in，范围之外用to。 2.A 具体到某一天的时间用on。3.C 5 minutes walk决定去学校的方式是on foot。 4.B 语境中by Internet和 because of SARS决定了have their lessons - at home 。5.C like在这里意思是像-。,6. Some shops open_ 10:00 a. m. and 3 : 30 p. m, during the Spring Festival holidays. A. at B. between C. from D. about 7. - How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt? - Im going there _ my car. A. by B. in C. to D. on 8Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain _an inch. A. by B. at C. to D. from9The home improvements have taken what little there is _my spare time. A. from B. in C. of D. at10They had a pleasant chat _a cup of coffee.(北京)A. for B. with C. duringD. over,6. B between 后接两个并列的成分，意思是在两者之间。 7. B in my car = by car。8 A。与数量连用可表示尺寸、距离等。依句意：幸运的是，子弹在距离上尉一英寸的地方与他擦肩而过，没有射中他。故应选A。9 C。what引导的从句作谓语have taken的宾语，而从句中的基本结构为 “there is little of”, 表示“有很少”what 修饰little提到了从句句首。正确答案为C。10D用作介词表示时间时，可作“在（做）时（while doing, eating, etc）”。故正确答案为。其句意为：他们在喝咖啡时进行了一次愉快的谈话。,