英语构词法ppt课件.ppt
Word Formation,1. Affixation 词缀法,1.1 Prefixation 前缀法,在词前加前缀构成新词的方法。,1) 否定前缀,unwise, uncertain, unwilling; unpack, undo,non-essential, non-standard; non-violence,dishonest; discontent; discolor, dishearten,informal, inhuman; injustice, incompetence,impolite, impatient; immature, immoral,illegal, illiterate, illogical, illegible,irregular, irreplaceable; irresponsibility,abnormal, abnormality,2) 贬义前缀,mishear, mislead, misreport;misinterpretation, misrule,malformed, malnourished; malfunction, malnutrition,pseudoscience, pseudo-friend, pseudo-democratic,pro-democracy, pro-Chinese,counter-strike, counter-example, counter-revolution,anti-social, anti-national,anti-slavery, anti-government,3) 表态度的前缀,foreword, forefather, foreknowledge,prewar, pre-prepared; pre-retirement, preschool,4) 表时间和顺序的前缀,postwar; postgraduate, post-election,ex-president, ex-husband,reconsider, readmit, reallocate,semi-feudal, semi-colonial; semi-annual,uniform, unicorn, uni-directional; monotone, monorail,bicycle; bilingual, bilateral,tricycle, triangle; trilingual,multi-media; multi-national,5) 数字前缀,supernatural; supermarket, superhero,outlive, outweigh, outsmart,2. Suffixation 后缀法,Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases. 后缀法是在词上加后缀进行构词的方法。,9,1) 名词后缀,employer, examiner, interviewer, payer,employee, examinee, interviewee, payee,actress, waitress, hostess, airhostess,applicant, assistant, defendant,capitalist, artist, novelist, artist, pianist,10,officialdom, kingdom, freedom,terrorism, sexism, racism,friendship, relationship, hardship,realization, starvation, invention,kindness, selfishness, weakness,survival, arrival, approval,movement, resentment,equality, responsibility, possibility,marriage, linkage, shortage,11,2) 形容词后缀,faithful, meaningful,animal-like, dreamlike,hopeless, priceless,friendly, weekly,smoky, bloody,economic, poetic,ambitious, marvelous,musical, philosophical,12,washable, drinkable, renewable, changeable, respectable, avoidable;permissible, visible, sensible;,attractive, productive, negative, relative,creative, sensitive, aggressive;,13,3) 动词后缀,2. 其他的构词法,1. Blending (拼缀法)2. Clipping (截短法)3. Acronymy (首字母拼音法)4. Back-formation (逆生法),2.1 Blending 拼缀法,Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.拼缀法是将两个词的某一部分合并，或者将一个词加上另外一个词的一个部分而构成新词的方法。,Point out how the following words are made.smogsmoke + fog (烟雾)bookmobilebook+ automobile (流动汽车图书馆)sci-fiscience + fiction (科幻小说)skylabsky + laboratory (太空实验室),拼缀法的分类,1) head + tailthe first part of word 1 + the last part of word 2breakfast + lunch brunch (早午餐)motor + hotelmotel (汽车旅馆)channel + tunnel chunnel (海峡隧道),2) head + headthe first part of word 1 + the first part of word 2situation + comedy sitcom (情景喜剧)communications + satellitecomsat (通讯卫星)psychological + warfarepsywar (心理战),2.2 Clipping 截短法,Clipping is the formation of new words by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead.截短法是截取原词的某一部分的构词法。,Front clipping 截除首部,quake (earthquake) copter (helicopter) bus (omnibus) phone (telephone),Back clipping 截除尾部,ad (advertisement) prof (professor) dorm (dormitory) lab (laboratory) telly (television),Front and back clipping 截除首尾,flu (influenza)tec (detective)fridge (refrigerator)jams (pajamas),2.3 Initialisms 首字母缩略词,首字母缩略词由首字母构成, 按字母发音。EU European UnionGPS Global Positional SystemIOC International Olympic CommitteeID cardidentity cardCIA Central Intelligence AgencyIELTS International English Language Testing System,Task,IQ EQ MBA MPA WHO WTOWB ,Intelligent Quotient,Emotional Quotient,Master of Business Administration,Master of Public Administration,World Health Organization,World Trade Organization,World Bank,2.4 Acronymy 首字母拼音法,由首字母构成, 但作为一个普通词来发音。 NATOthe North Atlantic Treaty Organization radarradio detecting and ranging AIDS- acquired immune deficiency syndrome SARS- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome,Task,PINVAT CALL TOEFLUNESCO-,personal identification number,value added tax,Computer Assisted Language Learning,Test of English as a Foreign Language,United Nation Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization,2.5 back-formation 逆生法,Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation.去掉所谓的后缀而产生新词的方法。许多被去掉的后缀不是真正的后缀，而是单词不可分割的部分。,television televise vi.editor edit vi.sculptor sculpt vi.peddler peddle vi.babysitterbabysit vi.spring-cleaning spring-clean vi.free association free-associate vi.mass production mass produce vi. enthusiasm enthuse vi. calmative calm vi./adj.,
