英美概况——英国历史ppt课件.ppt

English History,An outlined study,Highlights,1. Cultural Noun Explanations:The Magna CartaThe Protestant Church The Elizabethan AgeCharles Darwin,The Middle Ages 476-1453AD,King Arthur(6th century) King Arthur and his Knights of the Round TableAlfred the Great(871-899) A fine Saxon king who successfully defeated the invading Danes.,William I (1066-1087) Known as William the Conqueror Richard I (1189-1199) A Norman king, known as Richard Lion-Heart Most famous Crusaders Tried to snatch the “ Holy land”,King John(1199-1216) The Magna Carta(Great Charter) in 1215,the basis of British Constitution(p26)Joan of Arc The Hundred Years War(1337-1453)Relations between England & France was completedly cut off,The Sixteenth Century,Characteristics the transition of the modern period the age of great voyages of discovery the beginning of freedom of thought in the Christian religion,Henry VIII (1509-1547)His request to devorce his Queen was refused by the Roman PopeEstablished the Church of England, also Anglican Church. Declared that he and not the Pope was the head of the Church in EnglandThe Catholic Church & the Protestant Church,Mary I (1553-1558) a devout Catholic. “Bloody Mary”Elizabeth I (1558-1603)-An age of Glory Protestantism gradually bacame the dominant faithAn age of real literary achievement: ShakespeareAdventure on the Sea ,defeated Spanish “ Armada” by Sir Francis Drake,James I (1603-1625) the “Gunpowder Plot”a plot to blow up the King and Parliament,The Seventeenth Century,Charles I (1625-1649) Believed that he had a “Divine Right” to govern The great Civil War (1642-1649)- wars between “Roundheads” and “Cavaliers” was condemned to death,Oliver Cromwell(1649-1658) Lord Protector Built a republic country (11ys)William III and Mary II (1688-1702) the Glorious Revolution(1688) the Bill of Rights was passed,The Eighteenth Century,War with France the Battle of Trafalgar (1805) the battle of Waterloo (1815),Industrial Revolution(1750-1850) the invention of the steam engine human power-machine power domestic system-factory system industrial towns and cities a new social class-workering class,The Nineteenth Century,Changes in this age: Reform Bill (1832) Trade Unions Great progress in the field of communications,Queen Victoria,Reigning period: May 24,1819-Janu. 22, 1901Major events in this Golden Age: 1837 the Queen of England and Ireland; 1839 married; 1857 the control of the Suez; 1876 the Queen of India; the British Empire.,Characteristics of Victorian age,National development&optimismSocial stability Strictly disciplinedFamily virtuesThe origin of Species by Charles Darwin,The Twentieth Century,The First World War(1914Nov. 11,1918)The independence of Ireland(1922)The great “slump” of the early 1930s,The Second World War(Sept.1939-1945) 1) Western Europe was weakened; 2) The United States and the Soviet Union bacame stronger; Winston Churchill(1940-1945),After-class tasks,Qs:Why was the sixteenth century so important to English history and European history?What were the characteristics of the Victorian age?,Suggested answers,EXIII On TextB, D, A,C,D.Noun Explanations1. The Magna CartaThe Magna Carta(or Great Charter) was a document signed in 1215 by King John under compulsion by the powerful barons.The purpose of the Charter was to make King John to recognize the rights of the barons. The Magna Carta is now kept in the British Museum, London.,Suggested answers,2. The Protestant ChurchIt refers to the Christian Church whose faith and practice originated from the principles of the Reformation. As the Popes political power and religious authority declined in the 16th century, Protestant churches sprang up in Northern Europe in opppsition to the established Roman Catholic Church. In Britain, Protestantism gradually became the dominant faith in the Elizabethan Age.,Suggested answers,3. The Elizabethan Age It refers to the period during the reign of Elizabeth I in British history. It was an age of real literary achievement, especially that of Shakespeare, and it was an age of adventure on the sea.,Suggested answers,4. Charles Darwin The famous British scientist who wrote the important book The Origin of Species . His theory of evolution caused violent reaction of the Victorians against the book, and furious debates were held in private and in public. Darwins theory contributed to the decay of Victorianism,