让步状语从句ppt课件.ppt

让步状语从句专讲,让步状语从句通常用 though, although, no matter, even if, if, even though, however, whatever等引起。 让步状语从句可以前置，也可以后置；前置时强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容。有时也可以采取中位（插入句中）。,两个词同义，一般情况下可以互换使用，如：He didnt light the fire though / although it was cold. though可以和even 连用，但although 不可以， Although (Even though) the traffic held us up, we got to the airport on time.,1although 和though 引导的让步状语从句：, 当让步状语从句是指一种假设的情况，不指事实时，通常用though，而不用although，如：He will never do such a thing though he (should) be forced to. though可以在非正式文体中用作连接性状语，而although 则不行。（though 可以放在句中或句末，通常用逗号隔开），如： He said he would come; he didnt, though. though引导的从句可用倒装语序（即把从句中的表语或状语等放在though之前），而although 不能这样用，如： Young though she is, yet she is fit for the job. (= Young as she is, ), 有时可用副词yet, still, nevertheless (但不能用连词but) 加强语气，如： Though he is over seventy, yet / still / nevertheless he can ride the bike. though和although后面的主语和谓语动词be 可以省略，如果这个主语和主句中的主语指同一个人或物时，如： Though (he was) severely wounded, yet he refused to leave the battle field. Though (they were) very tired, they continued to march on.,2even if, even though和 if 引导的让步状语从句：even if 与 even though同义，常用于强调让步概念 Ill do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon. Even if you fail, you can try again.注：if 有时也可以用于让步含义，但要注意条件if 与让步if 的区别，试比较： If he is poor, how can he buy the house? (条件) If he is poor, he is at least honest. (让步) (= even if),3由as, that, though引导的特殊让步状语从句结构： 在正式文体或文学作品中，为了强调让步的含义，可用as引导让步从句。但as一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置于句首。（though, that与as一样，也可以用于这种结构），如下面几种情况：, 表语的倒装： Old as I am, I can still fight. Tall as / though he was, he couldnt reach the top shelf. Difficult though the task was, they managed to accomplish it in time., 谓语动词的倒装： Try as he would, he could not remember a word of it. (= No matter how he would try ) Try as he might, he didnt pass the exam.Try as you may, you will never succeed., 状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very, much等修饰语） Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man.Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them.,注意事项：, 如果是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语，不再用冠词，如：Child as / that he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English the best. as从句可以置于主句前、主句后或句中，当as从句置于句首时，主句前可加yet ，如： Mary, brave as she is, is afraid of snakes.Rich as he is, (yet) I dont envy him., 当作表语的形容词提前时，如果从句的主语是人称代词，那么它只能放在动词之前；如果从句的主语是名词，则可用倒装语序，也可用陈述语序，Clever though / as you may be, you cant do that. as 从句与主句在时态上可以不一致，如： Child as he is, he was brave.注意区别as 引导的原因从句与让步从句， Lawyer as he is, he explains the reason clearly. (原因从句)Lawyer as he is, he cant explain the reason very clearly. (让步从句),4even though和 though even though (= even if) 引导的从句指把握不大或假设的事情，意为“即使”、“纵然”； though 引导的从句指事实，意为“尽管”、“虽然”，,例如： He will not reveal the secret, even though he knows it. (可能知道，也可能不知道。) He will not reveal the secret though he knows it. (虽然知道，却不说出来。),注意比较下列各句： While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. (让步) While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you. (让步) While I was reading, the light went out. (时间)He is idle, while his brother is diligent. (转折、对比),5while引导的让步状语从句： while (= although),它引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首，如： While I admit that the problems are difficult, I dont agree that they cannot be solved.,6whetheror引导的让步状语从句： 这种从句也称“选择条件-让步状语从句”，可位于主句之前或之后，如： Whether he drives or (whether he) flies, he will be here on time. Whether you like it or not, youll have to do it.We hold that all countries, (whether they are) big or small, (whether they are) rich or poor, should be equal. Whether it rains or snows, I will go tonight. She had to go, whether or not she wanted it.,7由连接代词whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever引导的让步状语从句： Whoever (= no matter who) is unwilling to go, I will go. (whoever 既相当于连接词短语no matter 连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问代词who) Whomever (= no matter whom) you are dealing with, this method is no good. Whatever (= no matter what) happens, keep calm. Whatever others may say, you are certainly right. Whichever (= no matter which) you choose, we have no objection.,8由连接形容词whatever 或whichever 引导的让步状语从句，如： Whatever (= no matter what) difficulties may arise, we must and can overcome them one by one. (whatever 既相当于no matter 连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问形容词what 修饰名词difficulties。) Whichever (= no matter which) room is assigned to him, he will have no objection. Whichever method you use, the result is much the same.,9由连接副词however, wherever 或whenever 引导的让步状语从句。例如： However ( = no matter how) difficult the task may be, we will fulfil it on time. ( however 既相当于 no matter 连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问副词 how 修饰 difficult。) Wherever ( = no matter where) they went, they were warmly welcomed. Whenever Im unhappy, he cheers me up. The dog follows me wherever I go.,10注意以上几种结构的省略形式： However difficult the task (may be), it will be fulfilled on time. However great the difficulties (may be), we will never retreat. Whatever the difficulties (may be), they must and can be overcome.,11由whenever, wherever 引导的从句，同时也分别是时间状语从句和地点状语从句，这里作为让步状语从句来看待，是强调它们带有no matter when, no matter where 的含义。在口语中用no matter +wh- 结构比较常见。例如：No matter when and how the invaders come, they will be wiped out clean.It is true, no matter what you may say. (可置于主句之后),原因状语从句的引导词：1. Because because 表示直接原因，语气最强，because所引导的原因状语从句通常位于主句之后，because所引导的句子还常用于回答why引导的特殊疑问句。e.g: I do it because I like it.,2. since/now that。通常译为“既然”，表示已知的显然的理由，语气比 because 弱，较为正式；now that，更突出事实本身。 Since 和now that 所引导的原因状语从句一般位于主句之前。,e.g: 既然你比较空闲，那就帮我补习数学吧。 Since you are free, come and help me with my mathematics.既然你是个男子汉，就不要做这样的事了。Now that you are a man, you must not do such a thing.,3. As 引导附带说明的“双方已知的原因”，语气比since弱，较为正式，位置较为灵活（常放于主句之前）。天还在下雨，你还是乘出租车好了。As it is raining,youd better take a taxi.,4. forFor 所引导的原因状语从句并非用于说明主句行为发生的直接原因，而是为了提供一些辅助性的补充说明，只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。e.g: 他不可能见到我，因为当时我并不在那里。He could not have seen me, for I was not there.,注意：在强调句型中，强调原因状语从句时，只可用It is/was because that而不可用since 或 as引导原因状语从句。由于她妈妈病了，她没和我们一起去。It was because her mother was ill that she didnt go with us.,还有一些介词短语也可以表示原因。这类介词短语有：thanks to, as a result of,because of, due to, owing to 等。e.g: 多亏了你的帮忙，我才通过了测验。由于战争，许多人丧失了生命。 As a result of the war,many peoples lives were lost.,Thanks to your help, I passed the test.,由于需求的增加，一些商品提价了。Some articles have risen in price due to the increasing demand.那班列车因天气恶劣而误点。The train was late owing to the bad weather.,seeing that, considering that, in that 等也可以引导原因状语从句。既然他没有经验，他就不合适这项工作。 Seeing (that) he is inexperienced, he is not fit for the work.考虑到这个时间交通很拥挤，我们只好再呆一会儿。Considering (that) the traffic is heavy this time of day, we will have to wait a little longer.,我喜欢这座城市，但我更喜欢乡村，因为那里有更清新的空气。I like the city, but I prefer the country in that there is fresher air.,注意: 1. before 引导的从句常用句型；It is long before （过了 好久才）It is not long before(过了不久就)2. till/ until (till 一般不放在句首) 持续性动词（肯定式）+ until (直到为止)瞬间性动词（否定式）+until (直到才)强调句型；It is not untilthat I waited until/till he had finished his work.3. since 译为 自从来since+瞬间性动词过去式，从该动作发生时,4. 原因状语从句的连 because/as/since because 引导原因状语从句，说明直接原因。有时也用于推测性理由表示必然的因果关系。回答why 只能用because,在because 前可加 only， just等表示强调意义的 词或否定词not.在构成强调句型时，只能用 because从句 不能用since或 as 从句。,如：2000年来没有任何人怀疑过他的观点，仅仅因为他是亚里士多德-伟大的思想家。No one questioned his idea for almost 2000 years only because he wasAristotle, the great thinker.,注意：for 可连接并列句，表示原因for 是并列连词。for只能后置，往往是对前面句子加以说明或补充说明某些事实。,A man cannot smile like a child, _ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. so B. but C. and D. for2. Why dont you do it now? _ Im too busy.A. As B. Because C. For D. Since3. _everybody knows about it, I dont want to talk any more. For B. Even C. Since D. However,D,B,C,4. Wang Ling was elected all _ he is the tallest. because B. because of C. for D. as 5. Im green at everything.Dont worry. _ you get older, you will get more experience.A. When B. Till C. As D. While,A,C,Use proper words to fill in the blanks,He didnt attend the meeting _ he had to much work to do.2. _ he cant answer the question, youd better ask some one else.3. _ I havent seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it.4. The ground is wet, _ it rained last night.,because,Since,As,for,