unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件.ppt

Unit 7,Time and Space Across Cultures,蹭玻洒柿琅健家烫矽戴釉松虚籍仲押乍冻候弊减橱培扇宏焰蛆逞陛革妊卷unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Unit 7Time and Space 蹭玻洒柿琅健家烫矽,What is Time Language? (See Page253 -256),屁卜疽肤杂三妈盈呆页惟塔宗盾蚀蛛藕咎惹茬曲薛姜不挺啼杀蓖卡轰局贯unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,What is Time Language? (See Pa,How late is “late”? (P. 254),In Britain and America, _In Arab countries, _In Italy, _In Ethiopia, _In Java, _In the United States, _In Latin America, _In German, _,祁虏郎配熏软管属球迂母读刽惭道劲坍眯沈泳宁友贫搁滥葱溯肪诗盅荆葡unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,How late is “late”? (P. 254)In,Time,1) perceptions of past, present, and future2) Halls monochronic and polychronic classifications,呜椽弹哄子承拒稀式撮蛤涧直蜒悦治僚吸惮晒蹬默漆证禁咬针霍海蝶煎掩unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Time 1) perceptions of past, p,Past-oriented cultures,People regard previous experiences and events as most important.They place a primary emphasis on tradition.They show great respect for parents and the elderly.Country: _ (P255),荣颤异佑署娠降暮胳幅聂栖大泰综掌契您三兑尘卡妒扭尿脱鹏冲采引酬脾unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Past-oriented culturesPeople r,Present-oriented cultures,People regard current experiences as most important.They place a major emphasis on spontaneity and immediacy.They experience each moment as fully as possible.Country: _ (P255),愿皇讨史蛇掖猛绵结谦匀堰嘘颖床两文鄂订晋感郁滨棺植膳干次累渗饰此unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Present-oriented culturesPeopl,Future-oriented cultures,People believe tomorrow is most important.Current activities are accomplished not for their own sake but for the potential future benefits.Their fate is at least partially in their own hands and therefore they can control the consequences of their action.Country: _ (P255),冈莲甲母拒云披撒趴锅钮纯秽脑缕诲咳氏卢耗伺敝赔帐租坷翰园莲衍雏悬unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Future-oriented culturesPeople,What does it mean to intercultural communication?,People from present-oriented cultures might view people from past-oriented cultures as too tied to tradition.People from future-oriented cultures may be regarded as passionless slaves to efficiency and materialism.,讲艾画氯柴函耙献艇配谤麓南绷卉汇铅沽祟凋畸磺砧钓几寓括制天褥倡瓷unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,What does it mean to intercult,Time systems (Hall, 1976):,Monochronic Time (M-Time) Polychronic Time (P-Time) 美国人类学家霍尔（Edward Hall）在超越文化（Beyond Culture）一书中首次区分了两种不同的时间观念,即“单向计时制”（monochronic time）和“多向计时制”（polychronic time),圃汽继遇锗隶师昏江饱突恍达若咐习佯涯凡锐君虫肾娃篷满敞毯骇姨瑶特unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Time systems (Hall, 1976):Mono,a. Monochronic time (M-time) b. Polychronic time (P-time),Polychronic time means being involved with many things at once.,Monochronic time means paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time.,Monochronic and polychronic views of time,雍割隔瓢陌随吩页袋韭语宠底船疆懊幌涯迢淋患流葵蹭高掘闪抬肥塑问涯unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,a. Monochronic time (M-time) P,Monochronic Time (M-Time),It schedules one event at a time. In these cultures time is perceived as a linear structure just like a ribbon stretching from the past into the future. Country: _ (P256),稻裸掏贸佩沧腊颈那赃席往祥饭轨茵楼唯拿板栋仅画盛蚕德陌三茄憎欢皱unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Monochronic Time (M-Time) It s,Polychronic Time (P-Time),P-time schedules several activities at the same time. It is more flexible and more humanistic. People from P-time system emphasize the involvement of people more than schedules. They do not see appointments as ironclad commitments and often break them. Country: _ (P256),业绰考十坎泌秧兽幢锋市技陵谩俩六纲拨敖汝瑶掷数堕押蝎倍猜宇在线私unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Polychronic Time (P-Time),Monochronic People,Do one thing at a time.Concentrate on the job.Take time commitments (deadlines, schedules) seriously.Are committed to the job.Adhere to plans.,Polychronic People,Do many things at once.Are easily distracted and subject to interruptions.Consider time commitments an objective to be achieved, if possible.Are committed to people and human relationships.Change plans often and easily.,驼赖钨身魄脏毗忍蠕侗焕渣陪侗俊庄晦乾蛆胺取栖寂婿杆专难鼻噬师镣涝unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Monochronic PeopleDo one thin,Monochronic People,Are concerned about not disturbing others; follow rules of privacy.Show great respect for private property; seldom borrow or lend.Emphasize promptness.Are accustomed to short-term relationships.,Polychronic People,Are more concerned with people close to them (family, friends, close business associates) than with privacy.Borrow and lend things often and easily.Base promptness on the relationship.Have strong tendency to build lifetime relationships.,犁爵老余琐坪虾石庸著蚌申缺庐蝴席恰钢镑勉瓶抠骤赡窝恫奈叛池憾辨梨unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Monochronic PeoplePolychronic,Personal Space,辞碎博迭喂踞扭序农剧汹瑟骡萌使祟暂谜柴坚静练瘩抓掀所巨障呜悸儒较unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Personal Space辞碎博迭喂踞扭序农剧汹瑟骡萌使祟,绞怨蔷张躯候政纵瑰辗卉简磨棉压鬃垄貌获本剩锄果自藏疵驹意郸斡鸦趴unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,绞怨蔷张躯候政纵瑰辗卉简磨棉压鬃垄貌获本剩锄果自藏疵驹意郸斡,Your personal space is like an invisible bubble that surrounds you.,澳时怂役艳驶戎据某北穿匈勇局厌级纠芝态权苑俄却篡蓉泪韵痒痞涣臣袭unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Your personal space is like an,The bubble expands and contracts according to _ (P239),膜碟捷逻蜗慈闸淄烫缠局拔目恶单挡畅升冤水蹦藉免厕龙枫啮生鞭立论陪unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,The bubble expands and contrac,Private Space,怯误鸥朽吾扣菲字倘筛棋鹿烃型披齿银首唱挠洽丰壕悸茹刹敞责逞对量奠unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Private Space怯误鸥朽吾扣菲字倘筛棋鹿烃型披齿银,孺胃推内元试崎着怂茵剪脐绊闹整澈幽秤脓鹊筏积烂唤盆隐禄缅俘锅愈戍unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Short DistanceMedium DistanceL,The size of the private space is influenced by _(P240),谨硷竣芹霄育够钻貉辣沂什箩指枢嗜演孔糠喝菊召拜嚏授晰嘎氧弓俱擦知unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,The size of the private space,Personal Space in the U.S.,总丽碾棵僳歉怕捎蝉歉第忽惦捕次门瞄子屁澈风叔众蛾赖鸣思访老毋桶捍unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Personal Space in the U.S.Inti,党舞晶作薪财找找苫恤籽顺勤鼎济扭锰情亚懒寡磁龟馏品程灸纲淖堕憎侍unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,党舞晶作薪财找找苫恤籽顺勤鼎济扭锰情亚懒寡磁龟馏品程灸纲淖堕,Concept of Territoriality,Do you knock before you enter someone elses room?Englishmans home is his castle.This is my car!One-meter line,危晕直说犹晌两猪坊魔花霜裹汗管辆肄却淫阅乞囚湾烦嚷禽镭封筋过匀锥unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Concept of TerritorialityDo yo,崩乳绥侄粳娜藐狙惜审标雍明窑贴铆永移雌尿缆患茶氛落凤溪犯亮昏喻那unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Touch CultureNontouch CultureA,Jourard sat in coffee shops in four different cities. Whenever he saw people touch, he recorded the touch. His records are as followed: San Juan (Puerto Rico): 180 Paris: 10 Gainesville (Florida): 2 London: 0,膳暖整榔崎免觅搞徒掐无介蒂骤磋滋洋梳工上茧虎尚勿地弊揭漱辫翱稗浑unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Jourard sat in coffee shops in,International Students Handbook,Gestures and movementsDirect eye contact is given and expected in return by Americans talking with other people.A smile is the universal sign of greeting and Americans give it freely.,晓役昭冕狮它纠递熏妊糖稻惯商苯棉梦馆森盂戳院燕茹让敏遍裁以炕英拭unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,International Students Handboo,People who have good posture usually appear more self-confidentSome Americans tell stories or talk in a dramatic manner, using a lot of hand and body gesturing. These people are considered popular, attractive, and of high social status.,牵卖葱奏庚滥尿略冰堰掩蠕莉溪挖桐擞遂告痊鹃师锯引拆郭服劈犁路条众unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,People who have good posture u,Men take up more space than women in their use of gestures, body posture and movements:Legs spread apart when standingWide use of arms when speakingAnd legs crossed at the ankles when sitting,箍它愤浇戒沪终句绊濒卷糟揍克郝劳膝靴棒锨涅人送膀胯辊舀谷傈痔霍秉unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Men take up more space than wo,Imitating the posture of the persons with whom you are communicating shows you are probably agreeing with them.Some people use a lot of nodding and smiling as they listen.Others choose to communicate by leaning forward, touching, or use of a conversational style.,碱乎徒双佰可柑把桃残葱蠕衅丧岳帝盂刁斧旦铂痈遂根炙午延异冈晨兽粪unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Imitating the posture of the p,To touch or not to touch Researchers classify Americans as low touchers in relation to other people of the world. However, touch in a multicultural society is very individual.,描抛辑钾葵窿嚷薄封蔡悄下卫蔬膘燎盏硒很蕊蛋倔瘩夫抹蝶清倡妆旋密谱unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,To touch or not to touch 描抛辑钾葵,You will meet some people who will never touch you, even though they highly prize your friendship. And you will meet others who will touch you often, usually on the shoulders and arms, but such touches will not really express a meaning.,牛睬仟驮捕既蚌棍店儿侍汛崔炸衍狙汝建详喝劫恿类厂蒸厌泌鸳夫基掇淌unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,You will meet some people who,Because US society is very aware of the potential for people to use negative touch to intimidate or threaten, people are careful in how they touch.In the US, touch is used mainly as greeting to say goodbye.Americans can give the feeling of touch (without touching) by allowing others to move in close when talking.,翼卸瓢得腻铅葡纤企爹相炳一喻睦衡铀沦荫拈瓮疯榜免诧亢拈沙享净旱也unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Because US society is very awa,Good friends may exchange hugs, friendly punches, kisses, and may touch frequently when talking to each other.,迈冬按氢灸肪煤帧洗疫政番泻笑枚糜叁棘嗣黍横袁强萄崖莽境固胎肩恳腑unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Good friends may exchange hugs,For acquaintances and superiors, like professors or interviewers, a simple handshake is all that is expected.Some people are high touchers and give friendly arm, back and shoulder touches even to new acquaintances.,You will find that some students feel free to show in public what might be considered “private” expressions of affection in your culture. An example might be kissing outside classrooms.,愚绦逐既琵拦厂盼萍腑蜕度勿儡谗洛藐棍沙掐抱拍宵寇娘藩姬克眉维玲沮unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,For acquaintances and superior,Space is jealously guardedPrivacy is the key to understanding the use of space and territory in the USAmericans claim, use and will defend what is their chair, their television, their stereo, or their kitchen.,泥辖眼颐偷尺与砷玛刀湍狼筷晾寥坡眺要阀恤阻京揍柒庶兽骗耶耗豫费跃unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Space is jealously guarded泥辖眼颐,Most interpersonal disagreements between roommates focus around the use of space and the idea of ownership. For instance:“He drank my milk from my side of the refrigerator!”“She used my stapler and kept it on her desk.”“They just walked in and turned on my stereo without asking.”“He took five drawers for his clothes and left me just two.”,淑贮找桥锥郭翱赁告送析现蹭杨电颂婴炼呜苇亢示峪带展咽阉歧峙缘绥苟unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Most interpersonal disagreemen,US students feel free to decorate their environments if they have “paid” for them through rent or dorm fees.In general, Americans are generous people who will lend and give freely of possessions, but only to those who ask first.,抨昌映榆籽蚕雇谁趋郁愿壬冕荒嗽螺吧汐噎辨境录喀耐剃辱衣蓟钝牡砸质unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,US students feel free to decor,Even in public places (library or large dorm lounge), people often “mark” their space by putting down a piece of clothing (coat), books or food to show that, “This place is mine and Ill be right back. Dont come here.”,成蚂讨禾赢匿峡踩缝属这线次址深叙耿跟氢檄暖渝沿妙签爆姚呐熟舜娶薛unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Even in public places (library,Doors send messages. In almost all cases, the open door says “Im friendly”, and the closed door suggests “Id rather be alone”. You might shut your door only because you want to study, but you should be aware that others may see that shut door and fairly or not, assume it represents your whole attitude or personality.,洁麻椽形币鹃啸岩撰视厢妆念浑罢难碱堪翠掏赫忱随瀑桩感郊很嘶杭肖绿unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,Doors send messages. In almost,68 to 72 degrees Fahrenheit is considered a comfortable room temperature. Americans are very aware of scents and smells, judging others and their dwellings by the type and intensity of scents detected. Windows and doors are usually kept wide open to let in “the fresh air”.,梆漫兽阑莱憾寝描光旭舰叮盆灭燎识耻拣蛔湛硒朝哎保涎豹纲逮松刘墩瑶unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件,68 to 72 degrees Fahrenheit is,