托福阅读技巧：托福阅读推断题解题方法及实例讲解.doc

托福阅读技巧：托福阅读推断题解题方法及实例讲解 托福阅读中，推断题是非常常见的一类考题。今天给大家带来了托福阅读推断题解题方法及实例讲解 ,希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。托福阅读技巧丨托福阅读推断题解题方法及实例讲解一. 托福阅读推断题常见提问方式推断题的题目特点(怎样判断是否为推断题)及提问方式推断类问题的题干中经常会出现infer、suggest或者imply这类单词。Which of the following can be inferred about X?The author of the passage implies that X.?Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about X?二.做对托福阅读推断题需要具备什么样的能力这类问题主要考查考生对*中的一个观点或立场的理解程度，而这种观点或立场是作者在*中强烈暗示但并没有明确表明的。例如，如果*陈述了一个事件的结果，那么推论类问题很可能问考生原因是什么;如果*出现了一个对比，那么推论类问题很可能问考生其对比的基础是什么。解答这类问题时，考生不仅需要理解作者所写的句子的字面意思，还必须搞清楚这些句子之间的逻辑暗示。(以上内容来自托福考试官方指南)根据托福考试官方指南的对推论题的介绍，我们清楚地知道这类题型考查的能力：对句意的理解和对逻辑的把握，二者缺一不可。三.托福阅读推断题做题方法及实例讲解根据真题分析，我们将托福推断题分为两类：因果推理和对比推理。这两类推断题也有相应的答题方法，如下：因果推理已知原因C，推结果E(C=E)。考查的是对原因的改写，并不是真正要去做推理。对比推理时间对比：时间点前后取反;直接对比：对比项属性取反;比例对比：总量、构成不变，此消彼长。以上答题方法具体是什么意思呢，我们将一一给大家举例说明。关于因果推理，其实考查的是对原因的改写，而并不是真的让考生去做推理。比如，原文说科学家们对这个结论是有争议的，可以推断出的有人同意，有人不同意。关于对比推理，涉及到时间对比的，时间点前后取反，比如，原文说工业革命以前，这个国家人口少，抓住工业革命这个时间点，这个时间点前后取反，则可推断出工业革命以后，这个国家人口多了。涉及到直接对比的，比如，托福阅读中涉及到的机会主义者和竞争主义者，这二者是对比关系，如果我们说机会主义者属于A，那么我们可以推断出竞争主义者则属于非A。关于比例对比，比如A和B两个班级的人数一样多，B班的男生人数上升了，我们就可以推断出B班的女生人数下降了。示例：Architecture原文：Even development in architecture has been the result of major technological changes.Materials and methods of construction are integral parts of the design of architecture structures. In earlier times it was necessary to design structural systems suitable for the materials that were available, such as wood, stone, brick. Today technology has progressed to the point where it is possible to invent new building materials to suit the type of structure desired. Enormous changes in materials and techniques of construction within the last few generations have made it possible to enclose space with much greater ease and speed and with a minimum of material. Progress in this area can be measured by the difference in weight between buildings built now and those of comparable size built one hundred years ago.题目：In paragraph 4, what does the author imply about modern buildings?A. They occupy much less space than buildings constructed one hundred years ago.B. They are not very different from the building of a few generations ago.C. They weigh less in relation to their size than buildings constructed one hundred years ago.D. They take a long time to build as a result of their complex construction methods.根据题干中的imply，我们可以明确判断出这是一道推断题。题干问的是：根据*第四段，关于现代建筑，作者暗示了什么。根据题干中的modern buildings可定位至第四段的最后一句话，即Progress in this area can be measured by the difference in weight between buildings built now and those of comparable size built one hundred years ago.，这句话中存在一个比较关系，即buildings built now和buildings built one hundred years ago在规模差不多的情况下的重量有了变化，而这种变化能够体现出建筑技术所取得的进步，可以推断现在的建筑应该是更轻一些(这里属于第一种推断类别：因果推断)。同时根据本段倒数第二句话Enormous changes in materials and techniques of construction within the last few generations have made it possible to enclose space with much greater ease and speed and with a minimum of material.，可以知道建筑材料和科技方面的重大变化使得包围空间更加简单、快速，并且使用更少的材料，那么根据使用更少的材料可以推断建筑的重量应该是减轻了，C选项说在规模差不多的情况下，现在的建筑要比一百年前的建筑要轻，与原文表述一致，故为正确答案。文中并未提及与占用空间多少(occupy much less space)的信息，就更不存在比较关系了，所以可以排除A选项，同理也可排除B选项和D选项。托福阅读长难句：陶瓷产品Ceramic products also include lead-glazed tomb models of the Han dynasty, three-colorlead-glazed vessels and figures of the Tang dynasty, and Ming three-color temple ornaments, in which the motifs were outlined in a raised trail of slipas well as the many burial ceramics produced in imitation of vessels made in materials of higher intrinsic value. (TPO10, 56)ceramic /s?r?m?k/ adj. 陶瓷的，陶器的glazed /glezd/ adj.(陶器)上釉的;(目光)木然的，呆滞的，无神采的;(门、窗)装有玻璃的vessel /v?sl/ n. 船(尤指大船); 舰;容器, 器皿;管状结构(血管、导管)ornament /?rn?m?nt/ n. 装饰，点缀;装饰物，点缀品motif /m?ti?f/ n. 装饰的图案或式样;主题outline vt. 概述，概括;画出或标出(某物)的轮廓 外形raised adj. 有凸起花纹 (或图案) 的，浮雕的slip n. 泥釉(涂於陶器上作表层或图样的)intrinsic /?ntr?ns?k/ adj. (指价值或性质)固有的, 内在的, 本质的我是分界线，大家先自己分析哦。Ceramic products also include lead-glazed tomb models of the Han dynasty, three-colorlead-glazed vessels and figures of the Tang dynasty, and Ming three-color temple ornaments, (in which the motifs were outlined in a raised trail of slip)as well as the many burial ceramics (produced in imitation of vessels) (made in materials of higher intrinsic value.) (TPO10,56)分析：其实这个句子的主干，就是三个并列成分：Ceramic products also include A,B and C as well as DCeramic products also include lead-glazed tomb models of the Han dynasty, three-colorlead-glazed vessels and figures of the Tang dynasty, and Ming three-color temple ornaments, as well as the many burial ceramics修饰一：(in which the motifs were outlinedin a raised trail of slip) ，从句，修饰前面三种陶瓷，这个从句所包含的细节是很难理解的，大家可以看看上面我列出的词汇就知道，你想全看懂，你疯了!处女座的同学冷静!OG上说*很学术，但是题目一点也不学术，不会考这么学术的东西。忽略那些学术细节。中文：他们的主题是用浮雕泥釉的线条凸显出来的修饰二：(produced in imitation of vessels) ，非谓语动词，修饰the many burial ceramics中文：这些陪葬陶瓷是模仿容器制成的修饰三：(made in materials of higherintrinsic value.)，非谓语动词，修饰vessels中文：这些容器是由更高内在价值材料制成的参考翻译：陶瓷产品也包括汉朝的铅釉坟墓模型、唐朝的三色铅釉容器和人物、明朝三色寺庙装饰(他们的主题是用浮雕泥釉的线条凸显出来的)以及许多陪葬陶瓷(这些陪葬陶瓷是模仿由更高内在价值材料制成的容器)。这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句和非谓语动词，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。托福阅读长难句：气候与人类活动One of the most difficult aspects of deciding whether current climatic events reveal evidence of the impact of human activities is that it is hard to get a measureof what constitutes the natural variability of the climate. (TPO10, 38)我是分界线，大家先自己速读哦。One of the most difficult aspects (of deciding)(whether current climatic events reveal evidence of the impact of human activities) is that it is hard to get a measure of (what constitutes the natural variability of the climate).(TPO10, 38)分析：这个句子的主干就是： One of the most difficult aspects is that修饰一：(of deciding) ，介词短语，修饰aspects中文：确定修饰二：(whether current climatic events reveal evidence of the impact of human activities) ，宾语从句，中文：现在气候事件是否揭露了是人类活动影响的证据修饰三：(what constitutes the natural variability of the climate) ，宾语从句中文：什么组成了气候的自然可变性参考翻译：确定现在气候事件是否揭露了是人类活动影响的证据，其中最大困难之一在于很难去测量是什么组成了气候的自然可变性。这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句和介词短语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。托福阅读推断题解题方法及实例讲解