OSHA-confined-Space--美国限制空间作业标准课件.ppt

CONFINED SPACE限制空间,29 CFR 1910.146美国密闭空间标准,CONFINED SPACE限制空间,OBJECTIVES 目标,Define a Confined Space 限制空间定义Define a Permit-Required Confined Space 限制空间作业许可定义Be Familiar with the OSHA Standard and the basic elements of the standard 熟悉OSHA标准和标准的元素Understand the Hazards Associated with Confined Spaces and How to Detect Them 明白限制空间存在的危害以及如何查找它们Understand How to Control Confined Hazards 如何控制风险Understand Personal Protective Equipment 明白个人防护设备,OBJECTIVES 目标Define a Confine,Confined Space: Definition,A Confined Space means a space that:Is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work ; andHas a limited or restricted means for entry or exit (For example: tanks, vessels, silos, pits, vaults,hoppers);and,Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy.,Confined Space: DefinitionA Co,Permit Required Confined Space: Definition,A Permit Required Confined Space means a confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics:Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere,Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant,Permit Required Confined Spac,Permit Required Confined Space: Definition (contd),A Permit Required Confined Space means a confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics:Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section. Contains any other serious safety or health hazard.,Permit Required Confined Space,Confined SpacesExamples,Confined SpacesExamples,Characteristics of Confined Spaces,(1) Internal configuration.(a) Open-there are no obstacles, barriers, or obstructions within the space. One example is a water tank.(b) Obstructed-the permit space contains some type of obstruction that a rescuer would need to maneuver around. An example would be a baffle or mixing blade. Large equipment, such as a ladder or scaffold, brought into a space for work purposes would be considered an obstruction if the positioning or size of the equipment would make rescue more difficult.,Characteristics of Confined Sp,Characteristics of Confined Spaces,(2) Elevation(a) Elevated -a permit space where the entrance portal or opening is above grade by 4 feet or more. This type of space usually requires knowledge of high angle rescue procedures because of the difficulty in packaging and transporting a patient to the ground from the portal.(b) Non-elevated -a permit space with the entrance portal located less than 4 feet above grade. This type of space will allow the rescue team to transport an injured employee normally.,Characteristics of Confined Sp,Characteristics of Confined Spaces,(3) Portal size.(a) Restricted-A portal of 24 inches or less in the least dimension. Portals of this size are too small to allow a rescuer to simply enter the space while using SCBA. The portal size is also too small to allow normal spinal immobilization of an injured employee.(b) Unrestricted-A portal of greater than 24 inches in the least dimension. These portals allow relatively free movement into and out of the permit space.,Characteristics of Confined Sp,Characteristics of Confined Spaces,(4) Space access.(a) Horizontal-The portal is located on the side of the permit space. Use of retrieval lines could be difficult.(b) Vertical-The portal is located on the top of the permit space, so that rescuers must climb down, or the bottom of the permit space, so that rescuers must climb up to enter the space. Vertical portals may require knowledge of rope techniques, or special patient packaging to safely retrieve a downed entrant.,Characteristics of Confined Sp,29 CFR 1910.146 Permit Required Confined Spaces,Scope and ApplicationDefinitionsGeneral Requirements (to include development of written plan)Permit-Required Confined SpacesPermit SystemEntry Permit,TrainingDuties of Authorized EntrantsDuties of AttendantsDuties of Entry SupervisorsRescue and Emergency ServicesEmployee Participation,29 CFR 1910.146 Permit Requir,Appendices,Appendix A - Permit-required Confined Space Decision Flow Chart Appendix B - Procedures for Atmospheric Testing. Appendix C - Examples of Permit-required Confined Space Programs Appendix D - Confined Space Pre-Entry Check List Appendix E - Sewer System Entry Appendix F - Rescue Team or Rescue Service Evaluation Criteria,AppendicesAppendix A - Permit-,Definitions,“Acceptable entry conditions” means that conditions that must exist in a permit space to allow entry and to ensure that employees involved with a permit-required confined space entry can safely enter into and work within the space.,Definitions“Acceptable entry c,Definitions,“Attendant” means an individual stationed outside one or more permit spaces who monitors the authorized entrants and performs all attendants duties assigned in the employers permit space program.,Definitions“Attendant” means a,DUTIES OF ATTENDANTS,Knows the hazards that may be faced during entryIs aware of possible behavioral effects of hazard exposure in authorized entrants;Continuously maintains an accurate count of authorized entrantsRemains outside the permit space during entry operations until relieved by another attendant;,Communicates with authorized entrants Monitors activities inside and outside the spaceSummons rescue and other emergency services Performs non-entry rescues as specified by the employers rescue procedurePerforms no duties that might interfere with the attendants primary duty to monitor and protect the authorized entrants.,DUTIES OF ATTENDANTSKnows the,Definitions,“Authorized entrant” means an employee who is authorized by the employer to enter a permit space,Definitions“Authorized entrant,Duties of Authorized Entrants,Know the hazards that may be faced during entry, including information on the mode, signs or symptoms, and consequences of the exposure;Properly use equipment as required by paragraph (d)(4) of this section;Communicate with the attendant as necessary to enable the attendant to monitor entrant status and to enable the attendant to alert entrants of the need to evacuate the space as required by paragraph (i)(6) of this section;,Duties of Authorized EntrantsK,Duties of Authorized Entrants(contd),Alert the attendant whenever:The entrant recognizes any warning sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation, orThe entrant detects a prohibited condition; andExit from the permit space as quickly as possible whenever:An order to evacuate is given by the attendant or the entry supervisor,The entrant recognizes any warning sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation,The entrant detects a prohibited condition, orAn evacuation alarm is activated.,Duties of Authorized Entrants,Definitions,“Emergency” means any occurrence (including any failure of hazard control or monitoring equipment) or event internal or external to the permit space that could endanger entrants.,Definitions“Emergency” means a,Definitions,“Engulfment” means the surrounding and effective capture of a person by a liquid or finely divided (flowable) solid substance that can be aspirated to cause death by filling or plugging the respiratory system or that can exert enough force on the body to cause death by strangulation, constriction, or crushing.,Definitions“Engulfment” means,Definitions,“Entry” means the action by which a person passes through an opening into a permit-required confined space. Entry includes ensuing work activities in that space and is considered to have occurred as soon as any part of the entrants body breaks the plane of the opening into the space.,Definitions“Entry” means the a,Definitions,“Entry permit (permit)” means a written or printed document that is provided by the employer to allow and control entry into a permit space and that contains the information specified in section (f) of the standard.,Definitions“Entry permit (perm,Definitions,“Entry Supervisor” means the person (such as an employer, foreman, or crew chief) responsible for determining if acceptable entry conditions are present at a permit space where entry is planned, for authorizing entry and overseeing entry operations, and for terminating entry as required by this section.Note: An entry supervisor also may serve as an attendant or as an authorized entrant, as long as that person is trained and equipped as required by this section for each role he or she fills. Also, the duties of the entry supervisor may be passed from one individual to another during the course of entry operations.,Definitions“Entry Supervisor”,Duties of Entry Supervisor,Knows the hazards that may be faced during entry, including information on the mode, signs or symptoms, and consequences of the exposure;Verifies, by checking that the appropriate entries have been made on the permit, that all tests specified by the permit have been conducted and that all procedures and equipment specified by the permit are in place before endorsing the permit and allowing entry to begin; Terminates the entry and cancels the permit as required by paragraph (e)(5) of this section;,Duties of Entry SupervisorKnow,Duties of Entry Supervisor(contd),Verifies that rescue services are available and that the means for summoning them are operable; Removes unauthorized individuals who enter or who attempt to enter the permit space during entry operations; and Determines, whenever responsibility for a permit space entry operation is transferred and at intervals dictated by the hazards and operations performed within the space, that entry operations remain consistent with terms of the entry permit and that acceptable entry conditions are maintained.,Duties of Entry Supervisor(co,Definitions,“Hazardous atmosphere” means an atmosphere that may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue (that is, escape unaided from a permit space, injury, or acute illness from one or more of the following causes:(1) Flammable gas, vapor, or mist in excess of 10 percent of its lower flammable limit (LFL);,Definitions“Hazardous atmosphe,Definitions,“Hazardous atmosphere” (contd)(2) Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or exceeds its LFL; NOTE: This concentration may be approximated as a condition in which the dust obscures vision at a distance of 5 feet or less.(3) Atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5 percent or above 23.5 percent;,Definitions“Hazardous atmosphe,Definitions,“Hazardous atmosphere” (contd)(4) Atmospheric concentration of any substance for which a dose or a permissible exposure limit is published in Subpart G, Occupational Health and Environmental Control, or in Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances, of this Part and which could result in employee exposure in excess of its dose or permissible exposure limit;NOTE: An atmospheric concentration of any substance that is not capable of causing death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue, injury, or acute illness due to its health effects is not covered by this provision.,Definitions“Hazardous atmosphe,Definitions,“Hazardous atmosphere” (contd)(5) Any other atmospheric condition that is immediately dangerous to life and health.NOTE: For air contaminants for which OSHA has not determined a dose or permissible exposure limit, other sources of information, such as Material Safety Data Sheets that comply with the Hazard Communications Standard, section 1910.1200 of this Part, published information, and internal documents can provide guidance in establishing acceptable atmospheric conditions.,Definitions“Hazardous atmosphe,Definitions,“Hot work permit” means the employers written authorization to perform operations (For example: riveting, welding, cutting, burning, and heating) capable of providing a source of ignition.“Immediately dangerous to life and health(IDLH)” means any condition that poses an immediate or delayed threat to life or that would cause irreversible adverse health effects or that would interfere with an individuals ability to escape unaided from a permit space.,Definitions“Hot work permit” m,Definitions,“Inerting” means the displacement of the atmosphere in a permit space by a noncombustible gas (such as nitrogen) to such an extent that the resulting atmosphere is noncombustible. NOTE: This procedure produces an IDLH oxygen-deficient atmosphere.,Definitions“Inerting” means th,Definitions,Isolation means the process by which a permit space is removed from service and completely protected against the release of energy and material into the space by such means as: blanking or blinding; misaligning or removing sections of lines, pipes, or ducts; a double block and bleed system; lockout or tagout of all sources of energy; or blocking or disconnecting all mechanical linkages.,DefinitionsIsolation means t,Definitions,Line breaking means the intentional opening of a pipe, line, or duct that is or has been carrying flammable, corrosive, or toxic material, an inert gas, or any fluid at a volume, pressure, or temperature capable of causing injury.Non-permit confined space means a confined space that does not contain or, with respect to atmospheric hazards, have the potential to contain any hazard capable of causing death or serious physical harm.,DefinitionsLine breaking mea,Definitions,Oxygen deficient atmosphere means an atmosphere containing less than 19.5 percent oxygen by volume.Oxygen enriched atmosphere means an atmosphere containing more than 23.5 percent oxygen by volume.,DefinitionsOxygen deficient a,Definitions,Permit-required confined space program (permit space program) means the employers overall program for controlling, and, where appropriate, for protecting employees from, permit space hazards and for regulating employee entry into permit spaces.,DefinitionsPermit-required co,PRCS WRITTEN PLAN OUTLINE,Introduction - Company PolicyDefinitionsIdentification of Confined SpacesNotification and WarningHazard IdentificationEquipment for Entry & RescueEvaluation of Confined SpacesPermitsAuthorized EntrantsAuthorized Attendants,PRCS WRITTEN PLAN OUTLINEIntro,PRCS WRITTEN PLAN OUTLINE(contd),Entry SupervisorsEntry ProceduresCommunications ProceduresRescue ProceduresClosure ProceduresCoordination of Work With ContractorsProgram Review and Update (Annually Required)Training Requirements and Documentation,PRCS WRITTEN PLAN OUTLINE(con,Definitions,Permit system means the employers written procedure for preparing and issuing permits for entry and for returning the permit space to service following termination of entry.,DefinitionsPermit system mea,ENTRY PERMITS,Permit Space to be EnteredPurpose of EntryDate & Authorized Duration of PermitAuthorized EntrantsAuthorized AttendantsName & Signature of Entry SupervisorHazards of the Permit Space to be EnteredIsolation of Hazard Control MeasuresAcceptable Entry ConditionsResults of Initial & Periodic Atmospheric MonitoringRescue & Emergency ServicesCommunica