初三英语语法模块之非谓语动词.doc

Part I Introduction请用所给单词的正确形式填空，并指出所填写单词是否为非谓语。假设是非谓语，问：非谓语在此处做什么成分？1. Lao Lishi was the first person in Zhanjiang _(win) the Olympic golden medal.2. -Have you decided where _(take) your wedding holiday?-Not yet.3. Phelps almost devoted all his childhood to practice _(swim).4. My grandparents live in a small village _(call) *inpo.5. After _(do) the laundry, she went on _(do) some gardening.Part II Grammar Focus一、非谓语的定义：在简单句中不能作谓语的动词的词是非谓语动词。根据动词是否在句中作谓语，我们也可以把动词分为_和_两种。_二、 非谓语的构成：三、非谓语的用法：主语宾语表语宾语补足语定语状语不定式动名词分词_ (表示具体*一次)_表习惯性1.作主语：(1) 不定式做主语：考点 ：不定式作主语时，常用it做形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末, 其构造为_例：To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy to learn a foreign language. 注意：在kind, good, nice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，用of。例：Its very kind of you to help me._. 眼见为实。(2) 动名词用作主语：考点：跟不定式一样，动名词作主语时常位于句末，而在其原来的位置用it 作形式主语。谓语动词一般用_。例：Saying so much_ useless.It is useless saying so much._ _2.作宾语： (1)不定式作宾语：考点: 常见表示命令、打算或希望的一类词，这类动词有：_例：他希望马上能见到他的孩子。_.He began to read and write after lunch.当一个以上的不定式连用时，后面的不定式往往省略to。考点 常见的一些省略to的动词不定式的句式_e.g: I would rather stay at home. 你最好远离他。_.考点 在find, think,believe, guess后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。我们发现横跨这条河流是不可能的。_.考点 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how，who连用，相当于一个宾语从句的作用。 如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. He didnt know which to choose. 比拟： what to do 与how to do it【小试牛刀】一、翻译题：1. 邮局离这儿有点远，你最好坐车去。 _.2. 他们不知道何时开场会议。_.二、选择题：( )1.-Whats your plan for the summer holiday?-Ive no idea, but Ive decided _at home and have a good rest first. A stay B to stay C stayed ( )2. The girl prefer_ at home rather than _ to the cinema.A.to stay;go B.staying;going C.to stay; to go( )3. We believe_possible for Tim to get the first prize.A.that B.it C.this ( )4.All the hats look beautiful. I dont know _. A how to choose B what to choose C which one to choose( )5.The young soldier really doesnt know _ to stop the baby from crying hard. A what to do B how to do C when to do (2)动名词作宾语：考点： 用作动词宾语：这类词有：_等。例：他继续犯同样的错误。_.I suggest leaving now.考点： 用作介词宾语：_例：After finishing my work, I took a short rest.They drove into town without talking to each other.【小试牛刀】一、翻译题。1.我确信什么也无法阻止雷成为一名作家。_.2.我习惯先吃完早餐再刷牙。_.3.我把这些植物都扔了而不是每天给它们浇水。_.二、选择题。( )1.-Its hot. Would you mind _ the window?-_. Do it as you like, please!A me to open; OK B my opening; Certainly not. C my closing; Of course ( )2. The tourists have difficulty _ with the local people.A municate B municating C.to communicate_ _3.作表语：(1)不定式作表语的作用是：_His wish is to become a pianist. 他的愿望是成为一名钢琴家。(2)动名词作表语的作用是：_One of his bad habits is biting nails. 他的一个坏习惯是咬手指甲。_ _4.作宾语补足语：(1)不定式用作宾语补足语：考点 双宾及物动词后，带to 的不定式，这类动词有：_例：They asked him to sing a pop song at the party.考点 在表示五官感觉、使役动词后，要用不带to 的不定式，这类动词有：_例：The boy saw two men enter the house.这个年轻人使这个老的机器教师运转了起来。_.注： 变被动怎么办？被动The boy saw two men enter the house. _.2分词用作宾语补足语考点 现在分词作宾语补足语，多用于使役动词或感官动词之后。如：see, watch, hear, feel, smell, notice, find; have, get, leave, keep例：We saw a light burning in the window.He kept the machine running for ten hours.易错点：have sb. do sth. = let sb. do sth. have sb. doing sth.=keep sb. doing sth.请比拟：I saw the old man crossing the street. 我看见那个老人在过街。I saw the old man cross the street. 我看见那个老人过街的。 过去分词作宾补，多表示宾语的状态或被动意义。动作是宾语发不出来的，多用于使役动词、感官动词动词后面。特别注意“have宾语过去分词这一构造的用法。例：I have to have my hair cut.你应该让你自己被所有人理解。_【小试牛刀】( )1.My father is not good at cooking. He often asks my mother_.A to help him B not to help him C how to help him( )2.We are often told _at people who are in trouble. A not to smile B to smile C not to laugh ( )3.I heard someone_the door and _.A. open; come in B. to open; to come in C. open; come into ( )4.-Is Jack in the library?-Maybe. I saw him _ out with some books just now.A. going B. go C. to go ( )5.The kids _ their parents to hurry to the other side of the playground to get the gift for them.A. hope B.e*pect C. Wait( )6.Tom often makes his little sister _but yesterday he was made _by his sister.A cry; to cry B to cry; cry C cry; cry _ _5.作定语 (1) 不定式用作定语：考点： 不定式可以像形容词一样用来修饰名词，但是它必须后置。例：We must first find something for him to eat. 考点：如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式之后加上适当的介词。如：He is not a man to talk with. (2) 动名词用作定语：通常前置，表示该名词所表示的事物的用途。如果用“for动名词，则应后置。例：a swimming pool = a pool for swimming(3)分词用作定语： 现在分词作定语表示所修饰的名词的特征，或修饰名词所做的动作。表示_。单个的现在分词作定语必须_置；现在分词短语则_置。现在分词短语作定语，相当于一个_从句。例：I have a friend living in London. (=_.)a sleeping boy = _， _= the sun that is risingThe room was full of people who are waiting for the doctor.(=_)过去分词作定语多表示_。动作发生在谓语动词之前。其前置和特征与现在分词一样。例：We need more trained nurses.(=_)Things which are seenfrom behind seem a little different. (=_)【小试牛刀】( )1.Do you know the man _ under the tree?A.stand B.standing C.stood( )2.Do you have anything _ for yourself?A.say B.saying C.to say( )3.The local things are specially e*pensive _ by hands.A.made B.making C.to make_ _6.作状语：(1)不定式用作状语： 用作_状语，例：He came to borrow my dictionary.They went on foot, so as not to be heard.In order not to be heard, they went on foot. 用作_状语，例：He hurried to the house, only to find it empty. 用作_状语 She is old enough to travel all by herself. 用作_状语，例：We jumped with joy to hear the news.(2)分词用作状语： 现在分词作状语，多用来表示伴随、时间、原因、方式等。现在分词作状语它的逻辑主语是主句的主语。例：They stood by the road, reading books. (表_)Hearing /When hearing a noise, they stopped talking. (= When they heard.) 听到喧闹声，他们便停顿了谈话。表_ 过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语一样，可以表示伴随、时间、原因、方式等。过去分词作状语表示主语的状态或是主语与从句的动词是被动关系。例 Deeplymoved, she couldnt say a word. (= As she was deeply moved.) 她深受感动，一句话也说不出来。表_【小试牛刀】( )1.-My brothers ill in hospital.-Im sorry _that. A to hear B hearing C heard ( )2.-Linda, Im very thirsty.-Lets go to the nearest supermarket _ some drinks, OK?A buy B bought C to buy ( )3.When _, water changes into steam.A.heat B.heating C.heated( )4.Ale*, you should have your car _. It is so dirty.A.clean B.cleaning C.cleaned( )5._ by many students, the teacher came into the classroom.A.Follow B.Following C.Followed( )6.This is the place for him _.A.to live B.living in C.to live inPart IV Conclusion现在分词与过去分词用图表法进展比拟如下:功能例句说明_The girl standing in front of the classroom is my roommate.作定语，其逻辑主语为其所修饰的词。作定语，其逻辑宾语为其所修饰的词。_The teachers went out of the building, talking and laughing.分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。_The situation is encouraging.The boy is too e*cited to utter a word.表示主语的性质，特征表示*种状态_Yesterday Jim kept us waiting for a long time.I heard Lily singing in the classroom.Hell have his hair cut tomorrow. 被补足的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语，即主动关系被补足的宾语或主语是其逻辑宾语，即被动关系总结三种非谓语在句中所作的成分：主语宾语表语宾语补足语定语状语不定式动名词分词Part V Key Points一、既可以接不定式又可以接动名词的动词：*1. forget, remember, regret 等：在forget, remember , regret 后，用动名词作宾语表示_，用不定式表示_。例：I remember posting the letter.Remember to post the letter. 我将永远不会忘记第一次见他的时候。_. 这些学生总是忘记把垃圾带出教室。_.* 2.stop, go on 等：在stop, go on 后，用动名词作宾语表示 _，用不定式表示_。例：They stopped talking.They stopped to talk.*3. need, want 等：在need, want 后，用动名词作宾语表示_，和用被动态的不定式在意义上一样。例：This room needs cleaning / to be cleaned.这块老式的手表需要修理。_.*4. allow, mean, tryallow doing sth. 允许做*事allow sb. to do sth. 允许*人做*事 例：我们不允许在这抽烟。_. 我们不允许学生在上学日的时候外出。_. mean to do _mean doing _ 例：他打算出国学习。_. 做那个事意味着浪费时间。_.try to do sth. _try doing sth. _ 例：Please try to do better ne*t time. He tried speaking English to me. 比拟 try to do sth.:努力做*事，不一定成功。 manage to do sth.努力做*事，且成功了。二、常用不定式或动名词的句型 (1) Its time to do sth. = Its time for sth. “是做的时候了 Its time to have supper. = Its time for supper. 该吃晚饭了。 (2) Lets do sth. 否认句：_(3) It takes sb. some time ( money ) to do sth. “*人花费多少时间(金钱)做*事 我花了半小时做这个题目。 _(4) be +形容词+enough + to do sth. “足够做*事 _. 那小姑娘已够上学年龄。 (5) be + too +形容词 + to do sth. “太不能做*事 _. 那孩子太害怕，不敢动一动。 (6) be ready + to do sth. “乐意做*事，准备做*事 准备做*事=_雷锋总是乐于助人。_.(7) Its + 形容词+(for/of sb. )+ to do sth. Its important for the twins to help each other. 孪生子互相帮助是很重要的。 (8) be afraid to do sth. “不敢做*事 =be afraid of doing sth. He is afraid to tell his father about it. 他不敢告诉他父亲。 (9) prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 表示“宁愿也不愿 我宁愿呆在家里也不愿出去。 _(10) would like to do sth. 与would love to do sth.常用于口语中，表示 “喜欢 Id like to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 I would love to go. 我想去。 (11) had better +V原 表示“最好，否认句：_ Youd better put on your coat. Its very cold outside. 你最好穿上大衣。外面很冷。 Youd better not go.你最好不要去。 (12) Will/Could/Would you please+不带to的不定式，表示请求。 请你叫她到教师办公室去一下好吗？_(13) Why not do sth.?= _他为什么不去学校呢？_(14) How about/ What about?去爬山怎么样？_Part VI Homework一、单项选择( )1.Would you please tell me _ ne*t?Think it over. Youll find a good way.A. when to doB. how to doC. what to do( )2.His parents often encourage him _ hard.A. workB. workingC. to work( )3.Last week I met my old friend Li Ming but I forgot _ him for his telephone number.A. askB. askingC.to ask( )4.You should speak louder to make _.A. everyone heard B. yourself hearingC.yourself heard( )5. Tim was saw_ the building and go upstairs. A. to enter B. entered C. entering ( )6._ from the hill, our school looks more beautiful. A.Seeing B.To see C.Seen2、 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. The poor girl was made _(leave) school by her fathers death.2. Its too cloudy and seemed _(rain). The farmers had to hurry home.3. -Where are the children? -They are busy _(pull) up weeds in the garden.4. We had a hard time _(get) to the top of Mount Tai.5. Mike wasnt tall enough _(reach) the clock on the wall.6._(see) from the mountain, the city looks more beautiful.三、补全对话，一空一词。Host: Hi, Erin. Thanks for _1_Teen Talk109.1 FM. Whats the problem?Erin: Well, see. I always wear fashionable clothes, and I have a really neat haircut.Host: Yes?Erin: Its my friend, Jasmine. She buys the same clothes as I do, and she even gets the same haircut. She copies _2_ I do. I want to be original. I want to have my own clothes and my own haircut.Host: I think you should be happy that your friend likes your clothes and haircut. I dont think you have a _3_.Erin: Thats an interesting opinion. Thank you.Host: OK. We have time for one _4_ person. Mary is on the line.Host: Hi, Mary! You_5_unhappy. Whats the matter?Mary: My father is smoking more_6_.Host: Really? You should advise him to give up smoking. Smoking is bad for his health.Mary:   You are right! Smoking is a bad habit.Host: Is it just a habit? In fact, people who smoke are _7_ killing themselves.Mary:  I couldnt agree more. Smoking can cause many _8_, in particular lung cancer, so Im worried ab