牛津上海版英语四级上语法全.doc

.英语笔记四、五年级目录1. 音标<P1-6>2. 反义词<P7>3. 人称代词<P8>4. 动名词<P9>5. 可数名词的复数变化形式<P10>6. 星期和月份的词汇<P11>7. 基数词和序数词的用法<P12>8. to be 句型<P13>9. 含有have/has的句型<P14>10. can句型<P15>11. there be 句型<P16>12. 祈使句<P17>13. to do 句型<P18>14. 改写句子1-否定句<P19>15. 改写句子2-一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答<P20>16. 改写句子3-特殊疑问句<P21>音标1. acake table make Jane plate snake name face place plane takegate tape taste baby lady paper station favourite ai tail rain rainy train wait ay dayhaygray May may play say way away today birthday hurrayey they grey surveyea great breakei eight 2. aan and at bad bag black can cat catch dad fat hand hat have has sad jampiano lamp man map stamp stand thank that van angry apple happy jacket panda rabbit salad taxi traffic animal family Saturday piano 3. ehe me she be we these evening zebra Peter Eva Chinese Japaneseee bee feel green knee meet need see seed sheep sleep street tree sweep sweet three keep ea beach bean clean eat leaf meat peach please read sea teaeasy season teacher east i pizza ie piece eo people 4. e /e/ egg bed desk ten pen pencil red seven Ken dress get help left leg let net next smell tell them then well west when wet yes clever every jelly letter present question second tennis very welcome yellow together eleven twelve elephant ea /e/ bread head weather breakfast heavy ie /e/ friend a /e/ any many<只有两个>5. i like kite bicycle bike Mike nice nine I child climb drive driver fine hiice ice-cream mice rice ride shine sign slide smile time white wild write tiger behind beside library pineapple mine line igh high light night right bright tonight y by cry dry fly my sky try whyietie piefries uybuyeye eye6. i big pig pink Jim his him is it its playing with stick drink fish gift give in list milk Miss pick ship sing sit spring swim swing thin thing this wind biscuit chick chicken children dinner kitchen listen little sister window winter picture rabbit animal morning will six slim y lovely slowly Danny party happy Dolly Tony Kitty very sunny cloudy windy rainy snowy family library busy any manyprettye puppet basket eleven peaches elephant supermarket toilet prettyubusy eymonkeymoney7. o old cold go photo rose hold close clothes fold home no nose rope sothoseopen over hello October pianoFloow blow bowl slow snow know grow show yellow window rainbowcrowoaboat coat road goat ou shoulder oe toe Joe8. oor poor our tour ure sure9. o dog box shop hot Bonnie cross fox long lot not nod on soft song stop strong body coffee office doctor chocolate volleyball October a want watch what wash au sausage becauseor orange sorry borrow tomorrow 10. u duck sun sunny cut cup Russ run up summer bus but jump much lunch mum us butter butterfly hungry fun funny number rubber study Sunday ugly uncle under umbrella trunkus clubo love lovely come some sometimes front son brother colour Monday monkey money mother above becomeother ou touch rough young cousin11. arcar card arm art farm dark far hard March park star start garden party scarf large sharp smart market supermarket yard Mark aask class dance fast glass grass past plant after afternoon father basketball banana answer bath branch auaunt laugh alhalf earheart12. y /j/ yes year yellow you your young yummy13. oo /u:/ cool food moon room root school smooth spoon too tooth zoo afternoon pool u /u:/ June ruler Judy rule ue /u:/ blue glue true Sueo /u:/ do who whose toou /u:/ group soup youui/u:/ fruit juice 14. u /ju:/ pupil tube music use useful super cute unit supermarket computer usually tune student ew /ju:/ new news newspaper eau /ju:/ beautiful15. alall ball call hall small talk tall walk wall always chalk fall salt saltyorfor horse or short corn sport before moretortoiseawdrawseesaw strawberry auautumnAugust Laura arwarm quarter award oordoor floor ourfour your yours a water augh daughter16. irbird girl shirt skirt first sir birthday circle dirty thirsty thirteen third thirtyerher term urnurse turn Thursday purse orword world work workerear learn early17. oobook cook foot good look football goodbye classroom ufull pull push put sugar bullo woman wolfouwouldshould could18. aaboutaway woman pizza zebra cinema vegetable bananaechildren cinema camera garden ochocolate computer potato second today together tonight welcomei beautiful April terrible uautumn difficult August minuser after brother clever mother father sister December dinner finger letter number October over river rubber ruler summer super under water weather afternoon supermarket trousers computeror doctor mirror scissorsar sugarur Saturday19. oucloud cloudy count house loud aloud mouse mouth outshout round sound south trousers about ouch owcow how now brown down town wow bowowl 20. earear hear near dearfear teareerdeer beer engineereaidea theatreerehere21. ere there whereearbear pear weareir theirairair chair hair pairareshare square Clareae aeroplane22. oy boy toy Joyce oi toilet noise point voice23. ththin three thank thick thing mouth birthday tooththink third Thursday throw both north south monththirty thirsty 24. ththis that these those they them their there smooth brother father mother with clothes together weather the then 25. ch chair chick chicken child children China Chinese chocolate teach teacher beach lunch March much peach touch whichbranchtch watch catch match kitchen 26. sh she sheep shine ship shoe short shoulder show shut brushshop dish fishpush wash wish English rubbish ssure sugar27. w /w/wait walk wall want warm water way we week Wednesday well west wet wild will win wind window windy winter woman word work world would swim swing sweep sweet away alwayswh /w/what where white why which when 28. k / k/park basketball ask worker bike book cook dark lake like look make kitchen talk walk week work skyc / k/cake clean can car coat cold colour come computer cook cool copy corn count cow cup cut act difficult rectangle October scarf because become chocolate doctor picnic picture secondck / k/chick chicken jacket back clock rock duck knock pick sock sick quickch / k/school Christmas * x / ks/box fox six taxi text next exercise29. l /l /late leaf let letter light like listen little live look lot loud slide slow early ruler salad toilet ugly old film milk wild bowl cool feel girl pool tailll /l /hello all ball tall doll full bell fall smell tell small wall well will30. s / s/sad salad Saturday say sea see seed sell seven six sick sir sister sit smart smell smile smooth snake snow snowy so soap son sun soup Sunday sunny August beside desk ask east list first must past post taste bus mouse usss /s/class classroom glass miss Miss grass guess dress cross lessonc<i>,c<e>,c<y> /s/cinema circle city ice December face juice mice nice officepiece place rice twice voicebicycle31. f / f/face fall family fan farm fast fat feed feel film find fine first fold food foot football for four fox full funny after afternoon often before gift left soft half knife leaf scarfff /f/ off office coffee traffic < 注：off of >ph / f/photo photographphone telephonegh /f/ rough/rf/ laugh/l:f/32. cl / kl /class clever cloud cloudy climb clock close clothes Clare circle bicycle 33. pl /pl/place plane plant plate play plus apple people purple34. gl /gl/glass glad glue Gladys glovestriangle rectangle 35. bl/bl/blue black blow table36. fl /fl/ flower fly floor flag37. sl /sl/ slow slowly slide 38. sk /sk/ desk mask askskate skateboard ski sky scarf sketchbook Scarlet 39. sp /sp/ wasp crisps spin spinner spider spring sport speak 40. st /st/ toast post postman past last taste stop stand star stay stick 41. dr /dr/ drydress draw dream drive driver drum 42. pr /pr/ princess prince pretty price present 43. cr /kr/ cream ice-cream cry crayon crow 44. tr /tr/ tree try train true trousers truck traffic travel triangle street45. h /h/he how hello hi horsehousehead hair holdwh /h/who whose 46. ts /ts/cats hats puts gets ratsrabbits kites sweets parents47. s /s/ likes bikesthanksstamps maps cats hatsrabbits kitessweets48. ds /dz/beds heads friends birds lizards seeds49. s /z/ use music easy visit knivesseason close nose walls shoesunclesbees frogs drivers chickens noodles beds friends seedshens50. n /n/ nine nice fine thennot nose tenhenkn /n/ knife knee knockb51. ng singwingswinglong young thing morning song wrongn<k> think thank bank ink blank pink trunk monkey n<g> hungry English 52. s usually usuals<ure>pleasure s<ion>television vision53. j job jump jeep jam Jim Jack juice juicy judge Japan Japanesegorange age cage page giraffe sausage dgebridge fridge judge语法1： 反义词 1. big 大的-small 小的 2. tall高的-short矮的 3. long长的-short短的 4. fat胖的-thin瘦的 5. new新的-old旧的 6. young年轻的-old老的 7. yes是-no不是 8. on在上-under在下 9. hard硬的soft软的 10. rough粗糙的-smooth光滑的 11. open打开-close关闭 12. sit坐-stand站 13. white白的-black黑的 14. this这-that那 15. fast快的-slow慢的 16. fast快地-slowly慢地 17. hot热的-cold冷的 18. cool凉爽的-warm温暖的 19. come来- go去 20. in在里-out在外 21. come in进来-go out出去 22. good好的-bad坏的 23. clean干净的-dirty脏的 24. up向上-down向下 25. here这里-there那里 26. happy 开心的-sad 伤心的 27. wet 湿的-dry 干的 28. put on 穿上-take off 脱下 29. thin细的,薄的-thick粗的,厚的 30. beautiful/nice-ugly 丑的31. these 这些-those那些 32. sweet甜的-bitter苦的/sour/salty 33. after在之后-before在之前 34. hungry饿的-full饱的 35 full 满的-empty 空的 36. afraid 害怕的-brave 勇敢的37. funny有趣的-boring无聊的 38. bright明亮的-dark黑暗的 39. light轻的-heavy 重的40. behind 在后面-in front of 在前面41. turn on打开-turn off 关闭 42. turn up 调高-turn down调低 43. easy容易的difficult难的 44. busy忙的-free空闲的 45. right 右边-left 左边 46. right 对的-wrong 错的 47. ask问-answer 回答 48. sharp尖的,锋利的-blunt 钝的 49. strong强壮的-weak虚弱的 50. many许多-few 很少+可数 51. much许多-little很少+不可数 52. first 首先-last最后 53. buy 买-sell卖 54. north北方-south 南方 55. west 西方-east东方 56. 语法2： 人称代词主格宾格所有格<形容词性物主代词>名词性物主代词反身代词I我me我my我的mine我的myself我自己you你,你们you你,你们your你的,你们的yours你的,你们的yourself你自己he他him他his他的his他的himself他自己she她her她her她的hers她的herself她自己it它it它its它的its它的itself它自己we我们us我们our我们的ours我们的ourselves我们自己they他们them他们their他们的theirs他们的themselves他们自己用法：1. 主格可用于句子的主语,也就是句子里说的是谁,通常在句子的开头。2. 宾格用作句子的宾语,通常用在介词和行为动词的后面。如：Look at me. Listen to him. <at, to 都是介词,后面用宾格>Heres a cake for you. <for是介词>I like playing with her. <with是介词>I like them. Let us sing together. <like, let都是动词,后面也用宾格>Can you see them? No, but I can hearthem. <see, hear是动词>Touch it. Smell them. <touch, smell是动词>3. 所有格也叫形容词性物主代词,用来形容某样东西是谁的,中文意思里都有个"的"字,所以不能单独使用,后面一定要加上名词一样东西。如： This is my dog. <my 后面加上了名词dog> Our teacher is happy today.His face is round.4. 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词,它起名词的作用,在句子中为避免重复使用名词,有时可用"名词性物主代词"来代替"形容词性物主代词+名词"的形式。在使用名词性物主代词时,必须有特定的语言环境,也就是要省略的名词大家已经知道,在前面已经提起过。 如：My bag is yellow. Her bag is red. His bag is blue and your bag is pink. 可以这样说：My bag is yellow. Hers is red. His is blue and yours is pink.语法3： 动名词动名词也叫现在分词,就是在行为动词后面+ing的形式,加了ing后它的词性从动词变成了名词,表示一件事情,它可以用在like或go的后面,表示喜欢做某件事或去做某件事,也可以用在be动词后面构成现在进行时态,表示某人正在做某事。要记住双写动名词有这些：hop -hopping skip-skipping stop-stopping shop-shopping clap-clapping sit-sitting cut-cutting get-getting put-puttingswim-swimming run-running spin-spinning begin-beginning<开始>例：I like eating hamburgers. <= I like to eat hamburgers.> Kitty likes playing with her cat. <= Kitty likes to play with her cat.> You can go skating in winter. The children go swimming in summer.语法4： 可数名词的复数变化形式已学的可数名词单数变复数的形式可以归纳为8种情况：1.直接+ s 如： apple-apples boy-boys 2.词尾字母是s, x, sh, ch的名词要+es如：dress-dresses box-boxes fish-fishes peach-peaches 3.词尾两个字母是辅音字母+y的名词,要去y再+ies如：baby-babies butterfly-butterflieslibrary-libraries family-families 4.词尾字母是f或fe的名词,要去掉f或fe再+ves如：leaf <叶子> -leaves wolf <狼> -wolves knife<小刀> -knives 5.单词中的oo变为ee,已学过的记住三个：foot<脚> -feet tooth<牙齿> -teeth goose<鹅> -geese 6.把a改成e： man-men snowman-snowmen postman-postmenpoliceman-policemen woman<女人> -women7.特殊变化：mouse-mice child-children8.单复数同形 <单数和复数是一样的>如：sheep-sheep deer<小鹿> -deerpeople<人> -people Chinese<中国人> -ChineseJapanese<日本人> -Japanese fish-fish<此时鱼是可数的>语法5：星期和月份的词汇week 星期 day 天,日子year 年 month 月 date 日期星期：Sunday 星期日Monday 星期一 Tuesday 星期二Wednesday 星期三Thursday 星期四Friday 星期五Saturday 星期六<记住：星期日是一个星期的第一天,而星期六是最后一天> 月份：January 一月February二月March 三月April 四月May 五月June 六月July 七月August 八月September九月October 十月November十一月December十二月语法6： 基数词和序数词基数词序数词基数词序数词one 1first 第1nineteen 19nineteenth第19two 2second 第2twenty 20twentieth第20three 3third 第3twenty-one 21twenty-first第21four 4fourth 第4twenty-two 22twenty-second第22five 5fifth 第5twenty-three 23twenty-third第23six 6sixth 第6twenty-four24twenty-fourth第24seven 7seventh 第7twenty-five25twenty-fifth第25eight 8eighth 第8twenty-six26twenty-sixth第26nine 9ninth 第9twenty-seven27twenty-seventh第27ten 10tenth 第10eleven 11eleventh 第11thirty 30thirtieth第30twelve 12twelfth 第12forty 40fortieth第40thirteen 13thirteenth第13fifty 50fiftieth第50fourteen 14fourteenth第14sixty 60sixtieth第60fifteen 15fifteenth 第15seventy 70seventieth第70sixteen 16sixteenth第16eighty 80eightieth第80seventeen 17seventeenth第17ninety 90ninetieth第90 eighteen 18eighteenth第18one hundred 100one hundredth第100语法7： 基数词和序数词的用法1. 基数词用来表示数量,如：one flower, two trees, three boys . 2. 序数词用来表示顺序,中文意思为"第几",通常前面要加the。3. 大多数序数词是由基数词+th构成,但我们要记住几个特殊的变化形式,其它只要加th就可以了。4. 特殊变化的形式有：first 第一 second 第二 third 第三 fifth 第五eighth 第八 ninth 第九<nine去e加th> twelfth 第十二 <先把twe